Ingeniería Mecánica
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/900
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Item Análisis de costos externos negativos en buses de transporte urbano, producidos por la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero, caso Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-09) Barreno Ávila, Alex Francisco; Mayorga Pardo, Alex SantiagoIn this experimental work, the negative external costs of urban transport buses, produced by the emission of greenhouse gases in the city of Ambato, were analyzed. Information was collected from the five urban bus operators (cooperatives) to determine the study population of 391 buses. The buses were classified by EURO technology (EURO 1: 36, EURO 2: 251 and EURO 3: 104). For the measurement of gases, a Bacharach model ECA 450 environmental combustion analyzer was used to determine the concentrations of each greenhouse gas emitted into the atmosphere by means of stoichiometric and physical calculations. The gases analyzed were carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, which were expressed in tons of carbon dioxide equivalent using the updated value assigned by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) known as the Global Warming Potential. An emission of 8,792.38 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent was estimated for a period of one year of operation. The statistical analysis was performed with the Welch ANOVA method while the GamesHowell method was used for the post-hoc analysis. A statistically significant difference was found between the EURO 2 and EURO 3 groups. For the calculation of the externality, the shadow price of EUR 140 (approx. USD 160) was used, which corresponds to an external cost equivalent to EUR 1,230,933.20 (USD 1,403,263).Item Diseño y construcción de máquina Big Blaster lanza confeti con un alcance de tiro de hasta 12 metros impulsada por CO₂(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2017) Borja Guevara, Carlos Marcelo; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos MauricioThe present technical project starts from the need to reduce costs in the rent of special effects in the company M SHOW EVENTS starting with the machine launches confetti, being the main acquisition requested by clients immersed in the field of shows that require this type of artifacts. Because the existing machines on the market are not designed for large heights, various parameters such as draft angle, discharge time, carbon dioxide consumption, supply pressure to achieve the desired target were analyzed. The machine launches confetti type was built with materials available in the local market, the tank made of aluminum to prevent corrosion by climatic factors or unexpected leaks, the activation of carbon dioxide is done manually, integrated with output type valves thread for greater security and pressure gauge to verify the pressure to which the gas flows, Venturi ring with 8 output holes arranged evenly in the top of the same, possibility to regulate to 3 different shooting angles to be used in different scenarios, the wheels rotating front and rear with brake to give greater mobility and stability to the equipment, multicolored confetti paper of rectangular and light form to achieve a slower fall effect, the geometry of the storage hopper with inclination angle to take advantage of the suction all the contents of the container. With the results obtained it is shown that the best environment for launching is in a closed space because it avoids the presence of wind and other climatic factors, with shooting angle of 78 ° since it reaches a height of most of the confetti of 12 to 13 meters that is the main requirement of the machine, with a discharge time of 3 to 3,5 seconds and a consumption of carbon dioxide of 0.521 to 0,543 kg /s. However, it remains possible to regulate the gas outlet through the tank valve and the ball valve to be able to adjust to the height of the various scenarios where system rental services are required.