Ingeniería Mecánica
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Item Análisis del comportamiento mecánico de un material compuesto de matriz poliéster reforzado con fibra de pelo de res y su posible aplicación industrial(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020-10) Tonato Porras, Ángel Vinicio; Analuiza Maiza, Oscar IvánThis work was carried out to investigate the possibility of using animal fiber as a reinforcement in a polymeric material. The beef hair was obtained from the municipal abattoir of the city of Ambato that, not being used by the industry, becomes waste, which makes it attractive due to the easy availability and low cost, proving to be an alternative to synthetic fibers. The present investigation is based on the mechanical characterization of polyester matrix composite material reinforced with beef hair fiber, for which specimens were elaborated with volumetric fractions of 60 percent matrix and 40 percent reinforcement, also with 70 percent matrix and 30 percent reinforcement. Long fiber was used with a longitudinal orientation at 0 degrees and 45 degrees, short fiber (10mm) with a randomly crisscrossed distribution. These specimens were tested to traction, flexure and impact under the specifications of ASTM D3039, ASTM D7264 and ASTM D5628 respectively, in order to determine the most suitable mechanical properties of the composite material and to be able to give use in the industry. From the analysis of the 6 groups of specimens that were subjected to their respective tests, it was determined that the composite material that presented the best results corresponds to group 1 which has a volumetric fraction of 60 percent matrix and 40 percent reinforcement, with a long fiber configuration oriented to 0 degrees, obtaining a maximum tensile strength of 30.87 MPa , maximum to bending resistance of 55 MPa and 1.02 J of impact energy. It was also determined that this material can be applied in the automotive industry and in the furniture construction.Item Evaluación del comportamiento mecánico de un material compuesto de matriz poliéster con fibra de cabello humano y su posible aplicación industrial(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Reinoso Arias, Anahí Raquel; Espín Lagos, Segundo ManuelIn this investigation, was evaluated the mechanical behavior of a composite material of a polyester matrix reinforced with human hair fiber, so composite sheet were elaborated with different fiber sizes, orientations and volumetric fractions, later the laser cut was made and were obtained the specimens, the same ones that were tested under the requirements of ASTM 3039, ASTM 7264 and ASTM 5628 for traction, flexure and impact respectively, with the purpose of knowing the most suitable combination, which provides the best mechanical properties. Of the groups of test pieces made with 3 different volumetric fractions: 70% -30%, 80% -20% and 90% -10% of matrix and reinforcement respectively, the first group of test pieces constituted by a volumetric fraction of 70% of matrix and 30% reinforcement and with longitudinal fiber orientation at 0 °, stand out from the rest with a maximum tensile strength of 28,472 MPa, maximum resistance to bending of 66.24 MPa and 1,371 J of impact energy. According to the analysis carried out, the potential of the human hair fiber as a reinforcement in the composite material has been assessed and its possible application in the area of furniture and in the automotive industry.Item Análisis numérico/experimental del comportamiento mecánico a flexión de las ballestas recuperadas en frío empleadas en vehículos pesados HINO GD(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Silva Buenaño, Christian Ramiro; Paredes Robalino, María BelénThe experimental work was based on the numerical / experimental analysis to flexion of the leaflets recovered in cold, the study arose thinking about the suspensions of the heavy vehicles that are widely used for their functionality since they support large loads, It has a low cost of manufacturing And maintenance. The arrow loss of the package is given to continuous work and when the load to which they are normally exposed is exceeded, causing loss of the mechanical properties of the steel with which they are manufactured. In “Talleres Silva” is known a procedure that has not been technically proven, It consists of disassembling the package of the chassis and differential to later dislodge the sheets one by one, the first sheet is the one that must be adapted to the ideal curve or to the to be curved, the rest of the sheets are slightly curved a little more than the first sheet with the purpose of leaving a small intermediate space, the last step is to fix the central bolt and then mount the vehicle. Bending tests were carried out in different working conditions, the data that was obtained were simulated through an FEA, making comparisons of the test to bending and it was determined if the recovery of leaf springs is feasible. In the flexion test together with the simulation by finite elements it allowed us to have more accurate efforts since the coefficient of rigidity depends on the deflection and in In this case, an error of less than 10% is maintained, except for the one of the new Vanderbilt package, this is because it had an arrow greater than the other three packages before carrying out the test and its deflection it has been affected proportionally with that of your initial arrow height.Item Obtención de un material compuesto de matriz poliéster y lana de oveja para evaluar el comportamiento mecánico(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Espín Medina, Christian Xavier; Espín Lagos, Segundo ManuelThe production of sheep wool is one of the natural resources that are not used at present, its cost is relatively low and friendly to the environment, so in the present experimental project a composite material was developed that is based on a polyester resin matrix and reinforcement configuration of sheep wool, in which two types of volumetric fractions were taken 70% matrix - 30% reinforcement and 60% matrix - 40% reinforcement, two types of configurations were also made of reinforcement: discontinuity to the longitudinal axis and discontinuity to the transverse axis. The manufacturing of the specimens was carried out in a compression steel mold. The tensile and bending tests were carried out in the Metalmecánico Carrocero Productive Production Center and the impact test was carried out in the Materials Laboratory of the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering. By means of tensile, bending and impact tests performed on the specimens and under ASTM D3039-00, ASTM D7264-07 and ASTM D5628-10 standards respectively, the composite material that obtained the best mechanical characteristics was determined, being this group 2 the which is composed of 70% polyester matrix and 30% sheep wool, with a configuration of discontinuity to the transverse axis.Item Evaluación del comportamiento mecánico de un material compuesto de matriz poliéster reforzado con fibras de tereftalato de polietileno y su posible aplicación industrial(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2017) Sailema Moyolema, Christian Mauricio; Espín Lagos, Segundo ManuelIn Ecuador, tons of solid waste are produced every day, which degrade in a very long time, so the present experimental work had as objective to make a composite material of polyester matrix reinforced with fibers of recycled materials such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), for which different volumetric fractions and also different configurations of the reinforcing material were taken. The group of test specimens with the best mechanical properties was determined through tensile, flexural and impact tests under the specifications of ASTM D3039-00, ASTM D7264-07 and ASTM D5628-10 respectively. From the analysis carried out to the three types of tests, it was determined that the composite material presenting the best mechanical characteristics corresponds to group 4 which has a volumetric fraction of 70% matrix with 30% reinforcement and with a short fiber configuration (10mm) with a random orientation and the type of stratification used was compression.Item Análisis de la estructura del chasis Hino AK8JRSA y su incidencia en el comportamiento mecánico general del bus interprovincial en la Industria Metálica Cepeda (IMCE)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2015) López Pazmiño, Luis Damián; López Villacís, Gonzalo EduardoLa investigación se basa en la simulación del bastidor junto con todas las cargas que constituyen sus accesorios, además de las cargas producidas por la carrocería construida por Industria Metálica Cepeda, mediante la utilización de un software de elementos finitos. Para poder realizar la simulación se tomó en cuenta las propiedades por las cuales está constituido el chasis, las mismas que fueron comprobadas mediante ensayos de materiales en laboratorios; como son: ensayos de tracción, fatiga, dureza e impacto, obteniendo buenos resultados. Incluso se toma en cuenta las propiedades de los materiales por los cuales está constituido la carrocería. Se efectúa la simulación del bastidor para comprobar cuál es el estado de soporte que brinda al momento de montar la carrocería. Para lo cual se realiza la modelación del mismo y se ejecuta. Con esto también se logra conocer cuál es el mejor tipo de anclaje que se puede ocupar para la unión chasis carrocería.