Ingeniería Mecánica
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Item Obtención y caracterización físico-mecánica de un biopolímero a partir del almidón de la oca (Oxalis Tuberosa)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Tocalema Tisalema, Nelly Marisol; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoCurrently, traditional polymers have a wide range of applications, especially in the packaging industry, where a considerable number of tons are used per year. However, they have drawbacks that must be taken into account. Commercial plastics are manufactured using raw materials from non-renewable resources, such as oil, whose availability is decreasing and its price constantly increasing. Furthermore, they persist in the environment for extended periods of time, causing major environmental problems. This work was developed in three essential stages to obtain optimal results. The first stage consisted of the extraction of goose starch, using a juice extractor, followed by obtaining the biopolymer through a design of experiments (DOE) by mixing, at room temperature and a curing time of 8 days. The second stage included the characterization of the biopolymer, carried out according to the ASTM D638 (Tensile) standard, using a universal testing machine, and the evaluation of biodegradability in accordance with the INTE ISO 14855-1 standard, through ground and air tests. In the third stage, the results obtained were tabulated and analyzed using statistical software. This allowed us to statistically test the assumptions and verify the significance of the model (ANOVA) to identify the best compound. The results showed a maximum tensile stress of 4.10 MPa, an elastic modulus of 23.86 MPa, an elongation of 5.3 percent, in biodegradability tests, a weight loss of 53.36 percent in air and 58.77 percent in the earth.Item Caracterización mecánica de un biopolímero a partir de almidón de la vaina de haba (vicia faba) y vaina de alverja con proporciones del diseño de experimentación por mezclas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Lema Tomalo, Oscar Mauricio; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoDue to environmental conditions, there is a growing demand to produce sustainable materials, especially for biopolymers derived from agro-industrial wastes. Starch is a readily available polysaccharide in this type of waste and one of the most promising candidates to produce degradable polymers, however, its inherent fragility limits its applications. In search of a solution to this problem. The process for the extraction of starch by wet method is detailed, which involves the immersion of the ground raw materials contained in a screen to allow the natural entrainment of starch and by decantation let it accumulate at the bottom. The proportions of the mixture design were used for the percentages of the biopolymer components, determining distilled water as solvent, glycerin as plasticizer, acetic acid was used as additive, and starch extracted from broad bean and pea pods. For the homogenization of the mixture, it was raised to a temperature of 60 degrees Celsius for 8 minutes and constant agitation until all the starch gelatinized, the mixture was poured into molds to be dried at room temperature. According to ASTM D668 standard, the starch-based biopolymer specimens were laser cut with a total of 57, to perform tests on the SHIMADZU AGS-50kNX machine, obtaining a tensile strength of 2.65 MPa, percentage elongation at break of 6 percent and a modulus of elasticity of 30 MPa.