Ingeniería Mecánica

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    Optimización de respuestas múltiples (DOE/MSR) de propiedades mecánicas del material hibrido de matriz epoxi reforzada con fibra sintética (vidrio) y natural (chambira)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-01) Chuquitarco Taco, Santiago Wladimir; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    The experimental work was carried out based on analysis of the results of mechanical properties of the hybrid material with reinforcements of chambira fiber and glass with epoxy resin matrix, formed by vacuum stratification, cured in different temperatures and subjected by laser cutting with CO2 of the samples. The use of Response Surface Methodology with Box-Behnken design allowed the entry of three continuous factors with their levels respectively are: Orientation 1, Orientation 2 of the fiber between -45, 0 and 45 degrees and Curing temperature with 60, 90 and 120 degrees Celsius. In the design, the number of treatments to be obtained was specified so that the mechanical tests of each sample were elaborated, the data obtained were organized and validated with the fulfillment of the parametric assumptions having full reliability in analysis of the mechanical properties. With the results obtained, the optimal configuration of the mechanical properties was determined, which are presented in factors with the orientation 1 to 28.68 degrees, orientation 2 to 1.36 degrees and at a curing temperature of 120 degrees Celsius. These values were given by means of the analysis of variance ANOVA the same that has significance and reliability in its data, therefore, the model of the Surface Design DOE / MSR explains up to 99.6 percent of its variability of the properties in that way the global desirability has the value of 0.6373.
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    Caracterización mecánica de un material compuesto de resina poliéster reforzado con fibra de vidrio y malla de acero para determinar las propiedades mecánicas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-07) Alomaliza Masaquiza, Darwin Iván; Vaca Ortega, Wilson Henry
    In this work, an experimental investigation of a composite material for the determination of the mechanical properties made up of polyester resin reinforced with fiberglass and steel mesh was carried out. In this composite material, the steel mesh reinforcement has 2 different types such as: galvanized steel mesh and stainless steel mesh, the number of fiberglass layers was varied, the preparation of the test pieces was carried out by compression stratification with a mold Constructed of A36 steel material. In this research the purpose is to find the best configuration that provides high mechanical properties, the specimens are tested and manufactured according to ASTM standards, for tensile testing the ASTM D3039 standard was implemented, in the bending tests the ASTM D7264 standard and test to impact according to ASTM D5628. After being tested the specimens, tabulated and collected the data. The configuration that presents the best results is that of 2 layers of fiberglass, 1 layer of stainless steel mesh cured at 25 degrees centigrade in the environment, made with compression stratification, resulting in a maximum tensile stress of 64.01 (MPa), maximum bending stress of 145.85 (MPa) and mean failure energy of 0,910 (J).
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    Análisis estadístico con metodología de superficies de respuesta para la optimización de las propiedades mecánicas a tracción, flexión e impacto del material híbrido de matriz epóxica, reforzada con fibra de vidrio y abacá
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020-10) Cunalata Caiza, César Marcelo; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    In the present experimental work, the analysis of the mechanical properties of the hybrid composite material was carried out, which is reinforced by natural abaca fibers arranged in a flat weave and fiberglass in a thermostable epoxy resin polymer matrix This material was vacuum molded and subsequently subjected to a CO2 laser cut. In the work, a Response Surface Methodology MSR with a Box-Behnken design is proposed which establishes that the minimum of input factors to consider is three and for each factor three levels, which are: Orientation of the tissue of natural fiber: 0, 45, 90 sexagesimal degrees, Fiberglass thickness: 0, 1, 2 mm, and the Curing temperature: 20, 50, 80 degrees Celsius, With this configuration, the design suggests a specific number of treatments with different configurations of factors and levels, from which data will be obtained after the execution of the destructive tests, data that will be validated with the fulfillment of parametric assumptions, thus guaranteeing high reliability throughout the statistical analysis process, consequently the variability ANOVA of the data provided by the MSR design was examined, specifying the significant effects and their incidence on the mechanical properties, later the analysis is complemented with the optimization of each mechanical property analyzed through the desirability function. The results of this investigation determined that the optimal configuration of the factors to take advantage of the mechanical properties is: Orientation of the natural fiber 0 degrees, Thickness of fiberglass 0.76 mm and a Curing temperature of 42.42 degrees Celsius, the regression model of the MSR design explains up to 96,69 per cent the variability of the properties, with an Overall Desirability value of 0,7931.
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    Optimización (Doe-Mezclas) del material híbrido con refuerzos de fibra de abacá, fibra de cabuya y fibra de vidrio de matriz de resina poliéster y su incidencia sobre las propiedades mecánicas a flexión, tracción e impacto
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020-08) Chiluiza Toapanta, William Patricio; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    It posed develop this investigation with the purpose of avoid ignorance in the design of Experiments with mixtures, this is applied to the Mechanical Engineering in the field of composite materials to be able optimize and determinate the best characteristics of the material. The method applied is the design of experiments with mixtures (DOE) the compound of fiberglass, Abaca and Cabuya with the matrix resin polyester applied for the simplexlattice design to determine the optimum mix. It determined a total of ten treatments, and each one forms the one hundred percent of the compound is formed, of which were made 150 specimens to tensile, flexion and impact test with the application of the standards of the ASTM 3039, ASTM 7264 and ASTM 5628 respectively. The results were analyzed to comply the assumptions of normality, equality of variance and waste independence otherwise the data were transformed to adjust the data to BoxCox. The previously analyzed data is passed to Minitab to optimize and determine the best volumetric fraction, finding a percentage of 20.07 for fiberglass, while natural fibers have a percentage of 4.85 percent for Abaca and Cabuya fiber of 5.08 percent. In addition, with the 70 percent Polyester Resin as constant this completes 100 percent of the material composite mix. With this combination it gets better mechanical properties to Traction, Flexion and Impact.
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    Optimización (Doe-Mezclas) del material híbrido con refuerzos de fibra de abacá, fibra de cabuya y fibra de vidrio de matriz de resina epóxica y su incidencia sobre las propiedades mecánicas a flexión, tracción e impacto
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020-08) Torres Mesias, David Esteban; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    The following experimental work was aimed at finding new combinations of composite materials conformed of fiberglass (VF), abaca fiber (FA) and cabuya fiber (FC) with epoxy matrix. For this it was used different volumetric mixtures of reinforcements, the same ones that were considered as input parameters in the statistical analysis of mixtures to optimize the mechanical properties of the results of the different treatments. Specimens were made by compression stratification to then test them and obtain data generated by the Tensile tests (ASTM D3039 / D3039M-08), Flexural (ASTM D7264 / D7264M-07), and Impact (ASTM D5628-10, FE geometry), and thus treat them under parametric assumptions developing a reliable analysis. Once the data was established, it was analyzed by means of the design of mixtures; from which, the significance of the p - value located in the mixture regression table was verified, which was inferred for the generation of the optimization of the responses of the mixtures using the minitab software. In experimental work it was possible to establish the volumetric fractions that generated the best mechanical properties of the mixture; fiberglass 0.261 percent, abaca fiber 0.003 percent, cabuya fiber 0.036 percent and epoxy matrix 0.7 percent, fulfilling the foundation of a mixture of always being equal to one.
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    Diseño y construcción estructural de un prototipo de avión no tripulado táctico con sistema modular desmontable para el centro de investigación y desarrollo de la Fuerza Aérea Ecuatoriana de la ciudad de Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Chipantiza Bombon, Alex Daniel; Espín Guerrero, Víctor Rodrigo
    This project was carried out at the Development Research Center of the Ecuadorian Air Force, which aims to design and build the structure of a Tactical UAV prototype using a detachable modular system as a requirement of the research center. The detachable system seeks a better way to transport the UAV to different missions, reducing the space to be occupied in the means of transport that is chosen, in addition to the ease of assembling and removing the wing and tail of the aircraft. To design the prototype, parameters such as weight, dimensions of both the fuselage, wing and tail were considered, as well as the speeds of loss and cruiser to know the behavior of the UAV through an aerodynamic analysis, observing its behavior in cruise-flying conditions, in addition to minimal losses due to aircraft friction when it comes into contact with air particles. The safety factor of 1.5 sec was applied in the structural calculation and analysis, according to federal aviation standards (FAR/AIM), which allows disasters to be avoided if a force exceeds the limit is required. The structure was developed using composite materials such as carbon fiber and epoxy resin that was used for the lamination of the cab, and the composite material consisting of fiberglass, carbon and epoxy resin for the wing skin, providing a less weight in addition to high impact resistance. Finally, the structure of the UAV prototype was obtained; the wing and tail are disassembled easily, fulfilling the requirements established by the Research Center.
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    Análisis de la incidencia de retardantes de llama (hidróxido de aluminio, hidróxido de magnesio) en las propiedades mecánicas de un material compuesto de matriz polimérica reforzado con fibra de vidrio utilizado en la fabricación del interior de carrocerías metalmecánicas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Freire Bonilla, Oscar Fabricio; Castro Miniguano, Christian Byron
    The present experimental work was carried out in order to demonstrate the influence of flame retardants on composite materials (glass fiber + polyester resin and glass fiber + epoxy resin), in order to determine the impact on the mechanical properties of the same, looking for new fire resistant materials that have properties similar to the original composite materials. In this research 12 groups of composite materials were made, of which the results of their mechanical properties will be exposed, the specimens were manufactured according to the standards (ASTM D-3039) for traction, (ASTM D-7264) for bending and the standard (ASTM D-6110) for impact. For the analysis of results the 12 groups were compared with 2 extra groups, the latter being the original composite materials (fiberglass + polyester resin and glass fiber + epoxy resin), the respective correlations were made in which correlations were evidenced in mostly positive. The combinations of the 12 groups and the 2 extra groups, when an ANOVA analysis was carried out with the help of a software, it was determined that there is an incidence in the mechanical properties when the flame retardants are added in the original composite materials
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    Análisis del proceso de ranurado y taladrado en el material compuesto de resina plástica reforzada con fibra de vidrio
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Silva Gavilanez, Erika Natali; Pérez Salinas, Cristian Fabián
    In recent years the use of composite materials in industry has increased, due to its high strength and low weight, for this reason the study of machining processes in composite materials is very important to determine optimum cutting parameters, which allow to obtain a quality machining. In the present study the analysis of cutting parameters was carried out for two important processes such as grooving and drilling in two composite materials: polyester resin matrix reinforced with fiberglass and epoxy resin matrix reinforced with fiberglass, these materials were manufactured by the manual stratification method with a volumetric composition: 70% matrix and 30% reinforcement. For the grooving and drilling process, two exclusive cutting tools were used to machine composite materials, and the DOE experimental method was used, which allowed us to obtain the combinations of cutting parameters (cutting speed and feed rate), with the which were carried out the machining tests corresponding to each process, in the samples obtained measurements of surface roughness (Ra) and delamination that is defined by a delamination factor (Fd). The results obtained allowed us to define the cutting parameters for grooving and drilling, with which the best surface quality and the lowest delamination of the mechanized composite material were obtained.
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    Análisis de la aplicación de retardantes de llama (hidróxido de aluminio, hidróxido de magnesio) en un material compuesto de fibra de vidrio con matriz polimérica utilizado en la fabricación del interior de carrocerías metálicas y su influencia en el índice de inflamabilidad
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Paredes Villacis, David Marcelo; Castro Miniguano, Christian Byron
    The experimental work was developed with the purpose of analyzing the flammability index in composite materials (glass fiber + polyester resin and glass fiber + epoxy resin) but these were applied flame retardants at the time of manufacture. In the design of the experiment 12 combinations were obtained, obtaining for each of them its respective flammability index, the test pieces were manufactured and analyzed from the ISO 3795 standard. Ten of these combinations marked a value of zero for their flammability index, converting them into a self-extinguishing material, the remaining two showed average values of ⁄ ⁄. These two were compared with test tubes without fire retardant that were analyzed in the bank DIDE UTA, ESPOL and UTA. A correlation of distance vs time, flammability index and temperature was obtained, obtaining different correlations for each case. In the ANOVA analysis using software it was determined that the addition of flame retardants influences the flammability index of the materials used in the manufacture of the interior of metalworking bodies.
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    Análisis de la velocidad de combustión y su incidencia en los materiales utilizados en el interior de carrocerías para vehículos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Villena Portero, José Luis; Castro Miniguano, Christian Byron
    In the present experimental work the flammability index of some of the materials in the construction of bodies is obtained, the process to carry out these tests is found in the ISO 3795 standard, the inflammability index that the materials in the construction in the bodies have a good behavior in front of the fire said materials should help to repel the fire. The ISO 3795 standard establishes the following principles: Composite materials: Interior roof lining (Fiberglass + polyester resin) and Interior side lining (Fiberglass + polyester resin); Textile materials Pranna flexible polyester (seat lining) and Textile based on vinyl (floor lining) and Wood Triplex marine (body floors of mass transport vehicles) The allowed flammability indices are: 100 mm / min and 250 mm / min respectively. The INEN 1668 and 1323 norms indicate what the flammability index is allowed in the construction materials of bodywork interiors. There is no need to comply with the provisions of the regulations.