Ingeniería Mecánica

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    Análisis de las propiedades de sección transversal de perfiles tipo UV conformados en frío
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) López Espín, Jonathan David; Torrealba Toledo, Kevin Alexander; Peña Jordán, Francisco Agustín
    Information on cold-formed structural elements is limited, but has become indispensable in the field of construction, as it allows for improved design and analysis of structures. In the present investigation, a comprehensive analysis of the section properties of 6 and 8 mm thicknesses was carried out. It started with a review of information to understand the behaviour of these profiles, section properties such as inertias, torsional constants and warping constants were calculated using traditional analytical methods. To validate these calculations, a mathematical model based on the finite element method (FEM) was developed, which allowed the behaviour of the cross-sections to be simulated more accurately. Experimental torsion, bending and compression tests were performed to compare the results obtained by analytical calculations and FEM analysis. In the case of the tests to determine the warping constant, technical limitations were faced, such as the lack of a high test machine for compression tests on thicker sections, which led to the use of thinner sections. Finally, the results showed that the FEM provides intermediate predictions between analytical methods and experimental tests, the differences observed in the behaviour of the specimens were discussed, conclusions were drawn on the discrepancy of results between the different methods, and recommendations for future studies were proposed, including the application of heat treatments to the profiles to improve the values obtained in the tests.
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    Caracterización y fabricación de madera plástica a partir de la mezcla de aserrín de Pigüe con tereftalato de polietileno reciclado
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-06) Mesias Erazo, Gilber Israel; Nuñez Nuñez, Omar Israel; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    In the field of Materials Engineering, the demand for improving the mechanical properties of new materials is growing. Experimental design (DOE) with response surface methodology (MSR) under Box– Behnken design was used in this experimental work. This approach allows the manipulation of three input factors with three levels each: extrusion temperature (160, 170 and 180 degrees Celsius), size of Pigüe scrape fibers (No.30, No. 40 and No. 50, under ASTM E11) and percentage of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET 1) (92, 95 y 98 percent). To investigate the behavior of the results obtained and identify their optimal performance points. This methodology facilitated the evaluation of mechanical properties by means of traction tests (ASTM D638-14), compression tests (ASTM D695-15) and flexion tests (ASTM D790-17), followed by the compilation and analysis of the data obtained. Traction, compression and flexion results were tabulated and an analysis was carried out which cast the following suitable case: a thimble number of 30 (ASTM E11) for the size of the particles of the shell, with a 98 percent percentage of PET 1 in the mixture and an extrusion temperature of 160 degrees Celsius. This suitable case exhibits the following mechanical characteristics: for traction, a strength of 13.97 MPa, for compression, a resistance of 3.60 MPa and for bending, a maximum effort of 19.84 MPa. Finally, the design regression model MSR reflects a global desirability value of 0.6085. Keywords: MSR, Box–Behnken, Pigue, PET recycled, D
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    Evaluación de propiedades mecánicas de materiales compuestos fabricados a partir de envases plásticos reciclados y goma de neumáticos pulverizados
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-09) Aleaga Ulloa, Yessenia Patricia; Valle Velasco, Pablo Raúl
    This innovative technique seeks to take advantage of plastic waste and used tires, providing a sustainable and economical alternative for its reuse. The evaluation of mechanical properties is of paramount importance to determine the feasibility and performance of these composite materials. This topic focuses on the evaluation of the mechanical properties of a composite material with a resin matrix, using recycled plastic containers and pulverized tire rubber as reinforcement. Comprehensive tests and analyzes have been carried out covering compressive, flexural, tensile strength and SEM Test (Scanning Electron Microscopy). These tests allow us to measure and understand in depth the mechanical characteristics of the material, that is, its ability to support loads, resist deformation and meet specific design requirements. The use of recycled plastic packaging and pulverized tire rubber as reinforcement in the resin matrix presents a promising approach to improve the mechanical properties of the composite material. It is expected that this type of materials will contribute to the development of more sustainable and environmentally friendly products, reduce the amount of plastic waste and abandoned tires. Therefore, meticulous evaluation of the mechanical properties of these composite materials is essential to ensure their quality and applicability in various industries. The results obtained from these tests allow us to obtain crucial information for its implementation in the design and manufacture of more resistant, efficient and sustainable products in the future.
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    Análisis comparativo del índice de inflamabilidad horizontal bajo la norma ISO 3795, entre materiales compuestos de matriz poliéster reforzado con fibras naturales (fibra de cabuya, fibra de chambira, fibra de coco y fibra de totora) frente a la fibra de vidrio
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-09) Chaglla Toapanta, Bryan Joel; Castro Miniguano, Christian Byron
    Today, the use of composite materials is very common in various professional and industrial applications, so it is necessary to ensure that the materials meet a high level of safety for the end user. Creating composite materials lies in the sole purpose of improving their properties, therefore, in the present investigation it is intended to evaluate and compare the fire resistance of polymer matrix composite materials reinforced with natural fibers (cabuya, chambira, coconut and totora) against a synthetic fiber (fiberglass), allowing us to consider a possible substitution of synthetic materials for environmentally friendly materials, which could open a new market for their commercialization. In order to establish the appropriate percentages for the formation of composite materials, the volumetric fractions of previously carried out titling works were taken into consideration, where the percentages that provide the best characteristics of the material are detailed, having these values, the amount of resin, fiber and catalyst necessary for each configuration was calculated, after that, all these components were placed in the mold sized according to the NTE INEN ISO 3795 standard, applying manual compression on each material, once the process was completed, it was necessary to you have to wait for the curing time and verify that the new material is fully solidified. Once the samples were ready, they were sent to the LIM-UTA Mechanical Research Laboratory, to be tested, finally the combustion rate of each material was obtained, where an average of 3.61 mm/min was recorded for the Cabuya fiber, 6.72 mm/min for the Chambira fiber, 4.91 mm/min for the coconut fiber, 8.46 mm/min for the reed fiber and 9.18 mm/min for the glass fiber. Based on the results, it was possible to determine that the cabuya fiber-reinforced polyester resin composite material with a value equivalent to 3.61 mm/min is the material with the lowest propagation index compared to the other fibers evaluated.
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    Diseño y construcción de moldes para la obtención de probetas en verde a compresión bajo normas ASTM
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Gálvez Albán, Lilibeth Aracelly; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
    This document deals with the design and construction of molds for obtaining green test specimens under ASTM standards, so the design of the molds was carried out respecting the measures detailed in the standards, later a work material was selected that This project was a steel AISI D3 commercially known steel K100, which due to its chemical composition in the analysis carried out in a design software (von misses and safety factor) fulfilled what was required. In the case of the punches, being the part that suffers the most during the compaction process, a mathematical analysis was carried out. Then proceeded to the machining of each of the parts that make up the molds, where for the preparation of the plate-female was used a wire EDM cutter, to have a better accuracy in the measurements of the molds manufactured. As regards the process of compaction of the metallic powder, a hydraulic press with a plunger diameter of 20.5 cm was used, which allowed us to give a compaction pressure of 1000 PSI, obtaining test pieces for tension tests with thicknesses of 3.56 and 6.35 mm within the tolerance of ± 0.13 and specimens for impact tests with thicknesses of 10 mm with a tolerance of ± 0.10. The mold that presented the least difficulty was that of the test pieces for stress testing since its geometry has several radii, which improve the process. Vaseline was used as a lubricant, as it is considered a natural lubricant and would not affect the chemical composition of the compacted powder. The quantities of powder initially calculated to be placed in each mold can vary when obtaining the specimens, because some material is lost when placing the powder in the cavity of the molds as in the case of tension test tubes. an amount of 17.5 gr was weighed for 3.56 mm and 31.5 mm thickness specimens for 6.35 mm specimens where, after being compacted, they had a variation of 0.3 g with respect to the initial amount, and for the specimens for impact tests the The amount of the powder was 54 gr, so after the compaction it obtained a weight of 53.5 gr.