Ingeniería Mecánica
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Item Diseño y construcción de una bomba de ariete que será ubicada en el patio central de la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2025-02) Flores Gordillo, Andrés Mateo; Escobar Luna, Luis EduardoThe purpose of the project is to design and build a single-impeller ram pump, a hydraulic device that harnesses the energy of a flow of water to lift a portion of it without the need for electrical power. This type of pump is ideal for irrigation systems, water supply and educational activities that teach principles of hydraulics and engineering. The ram pump will be installed in the central courtyard of the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, which will allow students and professors to interact directly with the device, favoring practical teaching and experimentation in the academic environment. The design comprises the principles of fluid mechanics and the ram pump was manufactured using accessible materials such as stainless steel or PVC for its main components (tubes, valves, compression chamber, etc.). Key aspects of the hydraulic system were considered, such as the available water flow and pressure fluctuations and the height at which the feed tank should be, in order to optimize its performance, it was possible to conclude that the output flow rate is 5.71 liters per minute, thus achieving a continuous flow for the cascade type water source for the benefit of the learning of the students of the Mechanics Career. As a result, special attention was paid to the educational functionality of the project, ensuring that it serves as a learning tool for the understanding of hydraulic and mechanical concepts, fostering curiosity and academic development of future engineers.Item Análisis de desgaste abrasivo de rellenos de soldadura de acero inoxidable por proceso SMAW sobre acero AISI-304 evaluado en un medio acuoso bajo la norma G105-20(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-02) Espinosa Ortiz, Edison Aldemar; Vaca Ortega, Wilson HenryThis study examines the issue of abrasive wear in AISI 304 stainless steel and utilizes welding fillers applied through the SMAW process to significantly reduce its wear rates in aqueous environments. Constant exposure to this type of wear diminishes the durability and performance of stainless-steel components, resulting in costly maintenance and replacements in a variety of industrial applications. The tribological properties inherent to each material were evaluated to determine the filler with the highest wear resistance. Specific stainless-steel electrodes, such as E308L-16, E309-16, E312-16, and E410-16, were employed during the research, following the guidelines set forth by ASTM G105-20. Specimens were immersed in wet abrasive sand under constant load for predetermined times in the experiment. The behavior of AISI 304 stainless steel in aqueous environments was assessed through weight difference measurements and wear rate analysis. The results highlight the effectiveness of some welding fillers, such as the E410-16 electrode, in reducing the abrasive wear of AISI 304 stainless steel. ASTM G105-20 ensured that the collected data were valid, with the coefficient of variation within the allowed limits. Finally, this research has a direct impact on improving the wear resistance of stainlesssteel components in practical applications, opening new possibilities to maximize material durability and reduce maintenance and replacement costs.Item Diseño mecánico de una planta de extracción de co2 supercrítico para la obtención de fitocannabionoides a partir de biomasa de cannabis no psicoactivo.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-03) García Núñez, Daniel Andrés; Arroba Arroba, César HernánThis project resolved the need to design the equipment for the extraction of supercritical fluids, in order to provide support to industries that choose to acquire this type of equipment abroad at very high costs. By means of the use of ASME codes and standards section VIII div 1 and div 2 used in Mechanical Engineering and used in this project, allowed the mechanical dimensioning of the extractor, collector and separator tanks. By means of CAD modeling, each tank was geometrically dimensioned taking into account the requirements of the production levels, and the resistance of each tank under operating conditions was also evaluated through simulation. At the end of the design and simulation of the extractor tanks, it was found that each one of them withstands the assigned design pressure with total safety, with the use of Super Duplex 2507 Stainless Steel and 316L steel that ensure the resistance and integrity of the tanks subjected to high pressures.Item Diseño de un sistema para clasificar y contar truchas Arco Iris hasta 33 gramos de peso(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-09) Mora Hernández, Jonathan Mauricio; Pujos Alcaciega, Jonathan Sebastian; Guamanquispe Toasa, Jorge PatricioThis technical project addresses the problems generated during the process of classification and quantification of rainbow trout, which in the country is done manually and by hand, increasing production time and costs. For the elaboration of this project, bibliographic information was compiled on the development stages of the species, as well as its morphology, allowing the development of a study to obtain relationships between weight - width and weight - length of the fish. During this study, a grading method was developed by means of troughs coupled to a chain transmission system and a water ramp for the humidification of the trout. Infrared sensors with PLC programming were used for quantification, to obtain a continuous process. The result was the design of a semi-automatic grading and quantification system made of AISI 304 L stainless steel in the components in contact with the fish, using polymers in the reduction trays and in the hydration system. The classification system uses chutes whose opening is controlled by regulating verniers obtaining exact values for the minimum and maximum size to be classified. The counting system uses infrared sensors that generate a light sweep that when interrupted by the trout generates a pulse that is processed in the PLC, thus obtaining a continuous process with a capacity of 10000 fish per hour.Item Diseño y construcción de un sistema de generación de hidrógeno por electrólisis(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-03) Danilo Manuel, Herdoíza Zurita; Escobar Luna, Luis EduardoHydrogen is currently an alternative fuel that has many applications, the reason for this research is to build a prototype that extracts said gas through electrolysis, in order to quantify the amount of production using conventional methods. For the construction of the prototype, materials were selected according to the layout of the project, materials that resisted the attack of acids such as polypropylene were used for the container, stainless steel 304 was used for the electrodes, and a compound of distilled water was made for the electrolyte. with sodium hydroxide. The sets of these materials formed the extractor that worked together with a direct current source and the electrolysis process was carried out. The method used for the quantification of hydrogen was conventionally a volumetric cylinder, while the gas continued to be extracted, it was led by a hose to the cylinder that is full of water, while the gas continues to be filled in the cylinder, the water is pushed allowing take the measurement of how much volume is extracted in a given time to achieve a flow.Item Caracterización mecánica de un material compuesto de resina poliéster reforzado con fibra de vidrio y malla de acero para determinar las propiedades mecánicas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-07) Alomaliza Masaquiza, Darwin Iván; Vaca Ortega, Wilson HenryIn this work, an experimental investigation of a composite material for the determination of the mechanical properties made up of polyester resin reinforced with fiberglass and steel mesh was carried out. In this composite material, the steel mesh reinforcement has 2 different types such as: galvanized steel mesh and stainless steel mesh, the number of fiberglass layers was varied, the preparation of the test pieces was carried out by compression stratification with a mold Constructed of A36 steel material. In this research the purpose is to find the best configuration that provides high mechanical properties, the specimens are tested and manufactured according to ASTM standards, for tensile testing the ASTM D3039 standard was implemented, in the bending tests the ASTM D7264 standard and test to impact according to ASTM D5628. After being tested the specimens, tabulated and collected the data. The configuration that presents the best results is that of 2 layers of fiberglass, 1 layer of stainless steel mesh cured at 25 degrees centigrade in the environment, made with compression stratification, resulting in a maximum tensile stress of 64.01 (MPa), maximum bending stress of 145.85 (MPa) and mean failure energy of 0,910 (J).Item Evaluación del desgaste de las herramientas de corte y acabado superficial en el torneado del acero inoxidable AISI 304 mediante lubricación hibrida CO2 + NANO TiO2(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020-08) Mayorga Ases, Leticia Abigail; Carranza Calero, Diego Mauricio; Núñez Núñez, Diego FernandoThe present research focused on studying the influence of a hybrid lubrication method, which involves the use of cryogenic CO2 and a minimum lubricant quantity (MQL) system combined with titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the surface finish of elements automatically processes of turning, and flank wear of cutting tools, the evaluation was carried out in a finishing process on a conventional lathe, however, the proposed lubrication and cooling method can also be handled on CNC lathes. To analyze the analyzes, tungsten carbide inserts with a single tip radius established at 0.8 mm were used, the machining parameters to be varied were the cutting speed and feed, the recommended values and the maximum values of these will be used. two parameters to establish the experimental combinations, as well as the lubrication method, for half of the combinations it was carried out dry, while for the rest it was made use of the proposed hybrid refrigeration and lubrication system. The hybrid lubrication system comprises the use of liquid and gaseous CO2 combined with a minimum lubricant quantity system that uses a nano fluid composed of a biodegradable vegetable oil mixed with nanoparticles of titanium dioxide at a concentration of 0.5 per cent by weight , the mixture of cryogenic fluid and nano fluid was directed towards the part-tool contact area to counteract friction and lower cutting temperatures. Standard instruments such as a roughness tester capable of recording surface quality values Ra and Rz and a scanning electron microscope that detect and measure the evolution of flank wear of the flanges are used to evaluate the roughness and flank wear in the different parameter combinations. inserts in a precise manner in accordance with ISO 3685.Item Estudio comparativo del proceso de soldadura SMAW y GTAW en un acero inoxidable martensítico AISI 420 y su influencia en las propiedades mecánicas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020) Pilatasig Plasencia, Jairo Danilo; Vaca Ortega, Wilson HenryThe research work refers to the comparison of the SMAW and GTAW welding processes in a martensitic stainless steel, with different contribution materials in each of the welding processes, to achieve technological and scientific benefits in the industries, obtaining mechanical properties equal or better than existing ones with a lower manufacturing cost. This project was carried out in an AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel with the SMAW and GTAW welding processes with input material in the GTAW ER312, ER308 process and a combination of ER308 and ER312; while in the SMAW process E312- 16, E308 L-16 and a combination of both were used, continuing with the construction of the specimens to subsequently perform tensile, impact and hardness tests VICKERS, resulting in valid results with The purpose of evaluating its influence on the mechanical properties of the joints produced, based on the AWS code B4.0, the tests being carried out at the Carrocero Metalmechanical Productive Development Center of the Municipal Government of Tungurahua. After having performed the required tests, an analysis and interpretation of the results was carried out, obtaining that the GTAW welding process is the most recommended, while the contribution material that has the highest tensile strength 674.6 MPa, as well as limit of creep 136,380 Mpa, is the ER - 312. Finally, conclusions and recommendations of the results obtained were given.Item Análisis de soldadura del acero inoxidable martensítico AISI 420 con acero de medio carbono AISI 1045 y bajo carbono AISI 1018 por soldadura SMAW y su influencia en las propiedades mecánicas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020) Acosta Acosta, Christian Javier; Vaca Ortega, Wilson HenryThe work was carried out with the objective of choosing a suitable electrode to weld a martensitic stainless steel with a medium and low carbon steel in order to generate technological benefits in the industry, as well as study the microstructural changes that may have problems in this material during the welding process which makes it necessary to study the union of these materials. This project was carried out with the SMAW process under the AWS code B4.0 "Standard methods for mechanical welding tests" which establishes the general provisions for the realization of the tensile and impact probes for the joints of AISI 420 stainless steel joints with AISI 1045 medium carbon steel and AISI 1018 low carbon steel using input materials E 308L-16, E 3016L-16 and E 312-16. The tests were carried out in the laboratories of the Center for Productive Development of Mechanical Metalworking of the Municipal Government of Tungurahua. After having performed the required tests, the procedure is analyzed with the respective analysis and interpretation of the results, and the best mechanical properties found in the union of the stainless steel AISI 420 stainless steel and AISI 1018 low carbon steel with the material of E312-16 contribution obtaining a maximum effort of 613,61 MPa, in addition to an elongation percentage of 16.79 percent likewise the impact energy of 61.27 J and a maximum hardness of 269.38 VHI.Item Diseño de una red de distribución y almacenamiento para SKID de químicos con un controlador de nivel para la empresa Yanaoil Technologies CIA. LTDA. De la ciudad de Quito(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Bonifaz Montenegro, Diego Fernando; Escobar Luna, Luis EduardoThe present research focuses on a quantitative analysis which is justified by the use of delimited parameters such as thickness caused by stress, welding procedures, based on API Standards, D1.1, D1.6, allows distribution and storage Chemicals such as defoamers where flammability is identified that can cause skin irritation when in contact, antiscale which is a mixture of water-soluble polyacrylates and phosphonates, as well as the JP1 that occurs from the combination of kerosene with a high flash point, with the general objective of designing a distribution and storage network for chemical SKIDs with a level controller for the company YANAOIL TECHNOLOGIES CIA. LTDA of the city of Quito, through the use of materials such as: structural steel, stainless steel, angular profile, and UPN type with ASTM A36 quality, as well as galvanized steel plates, using methods that allow the selection of alternatives of a Level controller, obtaining the most suitable as is the Crystal Level Meter, in the same way by selecting alternatives, an AISI 304 Steel is selected, dimensioning the tank properly, where b = 1,182 m, a = 1,182 m and h = 1.5 m, where the permissible stresses determined is 24.28 Kpsi, obtaining a thickness of the walls of 4 mm, selected accessories such as elbows, Te, couplings, pumps, pedestal design, obtaining acceptable equivalent stresses of 23.82 MPa, validating their designs by Obtaining safety factors of 2,604, which is acceptable, also generating acceptable data in the analysis of the lifting ears, as well as on the pedestal, generating maximum a deformation of up to 2.26 mm, equivalent tensions of up to 44.63 MPa, giving results in the SDS of 3.00 which is a very acceptable value for applications of designs of static structures or elements of machines under dynamic loads.