Ingeniería Mecánica
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Item Análisis de propiedades mecánicas a utensilios biodegradables(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2025-02) Araujo Pérez, Kevin Ricardo; Reinoso Manobanda, Marlon Joel; López Velástegui, Jorge EnriqueThis analysis aims to evaluate the mechanical properties of biodegradable spoons and forks to determine their viability as a sustainable alternative to conventional utensils. The development of prototypes from biodegradable materials allows competition in relation to plastic products due to their high contamination worldwide. Mechanical parameters were analyzed to determine whether the material used in the fork and spoon prototypes are efficient and comparable to plastic utensils. These mechanical parameters include bending, tensile, hardness and hydrophobicity, the first three parameters are performed on a universal mechanical testing machine, while the last one is performed in a conventional way with a design program, where the contact angle was measured. The materials used for the fork and spoon prototypes are a key element to achieve similar properties to plastic and biodegradable utensils already on the market, so corn starch and wheat starch were chosen. The analysis of these parameters was compared qualitatively and quantitatively. The results obtained showed that the utensils made from wheat starch have similar characteristics, being in some aspects superior to plastic and biodegradable utensils on the market. In addition, their hydrophobic behaviour was optimal, as the contact angle exceeded 90 degrees at most points, making them a viable alternative for the biodegradable utensil industry.Item Caracterización mecánica de un biopolímero a partir del almidón de maíz (Zea Mays) y fréjol (Phaseolus Vulgaris) obtenido mediante DOE-mezclas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Ramos Peres, Marilyn Aracelly; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoCurrently, one of the problems that most affects the environment is the excessive production of plastics that are made from petroleum. These plastics take a long time to degrade, so alternatives have been sought to replace them. In addition, the manufacture of these plastics uses non-renewable resources, generating a great deal of environmental pollution. In this research, through the experimental design by mixtures (DOE), it was possible to know the ideal quantity of starch, glycerin, distilled water and acetic acid for the production of the test tubes. With the DOE, 19 mixtures were obtained, each with 3 repetitions, in order to determine the mechanical properties; Also, tensile, biodegradability and microscopy tests were performed on all the test tubes. The results were tabulated and the best combination to obtain the bioplastic was 150 ml of distilled water, 10.71 g of white carrot starch, 10.71 g of chickpea starch, 4.25 ml of glycerin and 1.70 ml of acetic acid. This formulation corresponds to case 18. When performing the tensile tests, an elasticity modulus of 22.14 MPa, a tensile strength of 2.11 MPa and an elongation percentage of 3.25 percent were obtained. In the biodegradability test, it was verified that mixture 17 is the one with the highest percentage of biodegradation in soil, with a value of 39.29 percent. As a result, it is said that the bioplastic has mechanical properties similar to common plastics.Item Caracterización mecánica de un biopolímero a partir del almidón de zanahoria blanca (Arracacia Xanthorrhiza) y garbanzo (Cicer Arietinum) obtenido mediante DOE-mezclas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Chicaiza Lema, Ángel Arturo; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoIn recent years, the consumption of petroleum-derived plastic has increased considerably, generating an increase in greenhouse gas emissions. To address this problem, we have sought to develop a new material such as bioplastic from the starch of different plants as a more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative. In this research, test tubes were prepared based on the experimental design by mixtures (DOE), which allowed determining the amount of starch, distilled water, acetic acid and glycerin. 19 cases were obtained, each with 3 replicas, allowing their mechanical properties to be better determined. Tensile, biodegradability and microscopy tests were carried out for each test tube, with the results obtained it was evident that the best combination was 150 ml of distilled water, 10.71 g of white carrot starch, 10.71 g of chickpea starch, 4.25 ml of glycerin and 1.70 ml of acetic acid belonging to case 18, which, from the tensile test, the elastic modulus of 11.86 MPa, a maximum tensile stress of 1.664 MPa and an elongation percentage of 3.04 percent were obtained. While, from the biodegradability test, a biodegradation in soil of 33.68 percent and in air of 18.72 percent was obtained in a period of 32 days. As a result, it was obtained that the bioplastic has mechanical properties very similar to common plastics.Item Estudio de dureza en materiales biodegradables para la elaboración de cuchillos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Machado Muñoz, Elias Bladimir; Yancha Masaquiza, Michael Paúl; López Velástegui, Jorge EnriqueThe study aims to analyze the resistance and viability of various biodegradable materials on the market for the manufacture of knives, comparing them with the properties of the plastic materials used and determining their suitability as sustainable alternatives in the production of bioplastic knives and contributing to the production of bioplastic knives. in reducing plastic waste that pollutes the environment. The research includes hardness, bending and tensile tests of the selected materials, using appropriate methods, as well as specialized software for design and simulation. Key mechanical properties, such as hardness, elastic modulus, and percent elongation, were evaluated to determine the ability of biodegradable materials to maintain a sharp edge so that they can resist deformation under applied loads. Bending tests showed that bamboo-reinforced wheat bioplastics offered greater resistance to deformation compared to unreinforced bioplastics and other plastic knives. In tensile tests, wheat bioplastic demonstrated higher tensile strength and elongation capacity compared to regular plastic. As a result of the tests carried out, it is considered that the biodegradable materials studied are not only viable from an environmental point of view, but also meet the essential hardness requirements to perform well in cutting different foods. promoting the adoption of new sustainable alternatives in the utensils industry.Item Caracterización mecánica de un biopolímero a partir del almidón del camote y celulosa de brócoli obtenido mediante mezclas DOE(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Guallichico Acurio, Johanna Elizabeth; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoCurrently, the environmental impact of sudden climate changes is considered relevant, giving rise to the concept of creating environmentally friendly products, giving way to biodegradable materials, which seek to reduce waste, create new renewable materials, among other ideals, with the help of technological advances. The experimental project focused on the mechanical characterization of a biopolymer seeking to optimize its properties for potential applications; through a design of experiments (DOE), different combinations of sweet potato starch and cellulose were explored to determine the influence of their proportions on the mechanical properties of the material. It was planned in three main stages: extraction to ensure the quality of the raw materials; analysis of the influence of the different proportions of the components on the tensile strength, elastic modulus, toughness, hardness and elongation at break of the biopolymer through statistical analysis; and the precise characterization of the mechanical properties of the material according to current standards. As a result, the present work proposed that first the relationship between the composition of the biopolymer and its mechanical properties must be determined, then the three best combinations of starch and cellulose should be identified to obtain the desired characteristics, which will contribute to the development of biopolymers with controlled mechanical properties, offering an ecological and sustainable alternative, opening new possibilities for its application in various sectors, with these results it can be used in the development of disposable products, contributing with one more alternative to safeguard the planet.Item Caracterización y fabricación de madera plástica a partir de la mezcla de aserrín de Pigüe con tereftalato de polietileno reciclado(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-06) Mesias Erazo, Gilber Israel; Nuñez Nuñez, Omar Israel; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoIn the field of Materials Engineering, the demand for improving the mechanical properties of new materials is growing. Experimental design (DOE) with response surface methodology (MSR) under Box– Behnken design was used in this experimental work. This approach allows the manipulation of three input factors with three levels each: extrusion temperature (160, 170 and 180 degrees Celsius), size of Pigüe scrape fibers (No.30, No. 40 and No. 50, under ASTM E11) and percentage of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET 1) (92, 95 y 98 percent). To investigate the behavior of the results obtained and identify their optimal performance points. This methodology facilitated the evaluation of mechanical properties by means of traction tests (ASTM D638-14), compression tests (ASTM D695-15) and flexion tests (ASTM D790-17), followed by the compilation and analysis of the data obtained. Traction, compression and flexion results were tabulated and an analysis was carried out which cast the following suitable case: a thimble number of 30 (ASTM E11) for the size of the particles of the shell, with a 98 percent percentage of PET 1 in the mixture and an extrusion temperature of 160 degrees Celsius. This suitable case exhibits the following mechanical characteristics: for traction, a strength of 13.97 MPa, for compression, a resistance of 3.60 MPa and for bending, a maximum effort of 19.84 MPa. Finally, the design regression model MSR reflects a global desirability value of 0.6085. Keywords: MSR, Box–Behnken, Pigue, PET recycled, DItem Modelo de material para perfiles conformado en frío de sección transversal UV de acero a36, para espesores de 10 mm y 12 mm(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-02) Caiza Llumitasig, Edisson Dario; Pullutasig Chuquisala, David Andrés; Peña Jordán, Francisco AgustínThe material model obtained for cold-formed UV cross-section profiles of ASTM A36 steel, for thicknesses of 10 mm and 12 mm, is presented as a versatile and efficient structural solution. This model has been developed considering its mechanical properties and its usefulness in the construction industry due to its resistance and ease of forming. To analyze the impact of the mechanical properties in the cross section of the profile obtained, three types of tests were carried out. In the tensile test, the ASTM E8 standard was applied, evaluating its mechanical properties, taking into account the tensile strength, elastic limit and modulus of elasticity in the specimens of the different sections (wings, back, curves) of the profile. Using the ASTM E10 standard, the hardness test was carried out on specimens extracted for each thickness, determining their hardness in the virgin material and in the cross section of the UV profile. Using the ASTM E-112 standard, the metallographic test was applied, obtaining micrographic photographs of the grains of the virgin material and the affectation in the cross section of the UV profile. As a result, the mechanical tests carried out show a comprehensive view of the mechanical properties in the cross section of the UV profile, highlighting a greater rigidity in the 12 mm profile and a greater impact on the mechanical properties in the curved sections of the profile, reaching maximum stresses. tensile strength of 551.5 MPa and 554.21 MPa for thicknesses of 10 mm and 12 mm.