Ingeniería Mecánica

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Start date: 2024Subject: search.filters.subject.ALMIDÓN

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    Caracterización mecánica de un biopolímero a partir del almidón de maíz (Zea Mays) y fréjol (Phaseolus Vulgaris) obtenido mediante DOE-mezclas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Ramos Peres, Marilyn Aracelly; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    Currently, one of the problems that most affects the environment is the excessive production of plastics that are made from petroleum. These plastics take a long time to degrade, so alternatives have been sought to replace them. In addition, the manufacture of these plastics uses non-renewable resources, generating a great deal of environmental pollution. In this research, through the experimental design by mixtures (DOE), it was possible to know the ideal quantity of starch, glycerin, distilled water and acetic acid for the production of the test tubes. With the DOE, 19 mixtures were obtained, each with 3 repetitions, in order to determine the mechanical properties; Also, tensile, biodegradability and microscopy tests were performed on all the test tubes. The results were tabulated and the best combination to obtain the bioplastic was 150 ml of distilled water, 10.71 g of white carrot starch, 10.71 g of chickpea starch, 4.25 ml of glycerin and 1.70 ml of acetic acid. This formulation corresponds to case 18. When performing the tensile tests, an elasticity modulus of 22.14 MPa, a tensile strength of 2.11 MPa and an elongation percentage of 3.25 percent were obtained. In the biodegradability test, it was verified that mixture 17 is the one with the highest percentage of biodegradation in soil, with a value of 39.29 percent. As a result, it is said that the bioplastic has mechanical properties similar to common plastics.
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    Caracterización mecánica del biopolímero obtenido a partir del almidón de papa china y de yuca alcanzado mediante DOE-mezclas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Idrovo Roblero, Marcos Andrés; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    The present work seeks to reduce environmental pollution and dependence on fossil fuels. In addition, its production and degradation emit less carbon dioxide, contributing to the mitigation of climate change. The obtaining of the biopolymer through Chinese potato and cassava starch was based on a DOE experimental design analysis with the help of appropriate software to obtain the best combinations between distilled water, glycerin, Chinese potato starch, cassava starch and acetic acid, 19 mixtures were obtained. To obtain starches, a wet extraction method was applied and then crushed, this method was selected because it is simpler and more effective, and its properties are not lost as it is a natural method. With the starch obtained, the process of elaboration of the biopolymer was designed, the adequate temperature of gelation and drying was investigated, and molds were created for drying the mixture. With the 19 cases in sheets, tensile tests were performed, obtaining the results of maximum stress, modulus of elasticity and percentage of elongation, which was completed with biodegradability tests to analyze their weight loss and degradation rate under controlled conditions and in the environment for 30 days. With the results of the tensile tests, data optimization was performed to obtain the best combination and later, with the 3 best combinations, microscopy tests were performed to see their internal composition.
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    Caracterización mecánica de un biopolímero a partir del almidón de zanahoria blanca (Arracacia Xanthorrhiza) y garbanzo (Cicer Arietinum) obtenido mediante DOE-mezclas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Chicaiza Lema, Ángel Arturo; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    In recent years, the consumption of petroleum-derived plastic has increased considerably, generating an increase in greenhouse gas emissions. To address this problem, we have sought to develop a new material such as bioplastic from the starch of different plants as a more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative. In this research, test tubes were prepared based on the experimental design by mixtures (DOE), which allowed determining the amount of starch, distilled water, acetic acid and glycerin. 19 cases were obtained, each with 3 replicas, allowing their mechanical properties to be better determined. Tensile, biodegradability and microscopy tests were carried out for each test tube, with the results obtained it was evident that the best combination was 150 ml of distilled water, 10.71 g of white carrot starch, 10.71 g of chickpea starch, 4.25 ml of glycerin and 1.70 ml of acetic acid belonging to case 18, which, from the tensile test, the elastic modulus of 11.86 MPa, a maximum tensile stress of 1.664 MPa and an elongation percentage of 3.04 percent were obtained. While, from the biodegradability test, a biodegradation in soil of 33.68 percent and in air of 18.72 percent was obtained in a period of 32 days. As a result, it was obtained that the bioplastic has mechanical properties very similar to common plastics.
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    Caracterización mecánica de un biopolímero a partir de almidón de la vaina de haba (vicia faba) y vaina de alverja con proporciones del diseño de experimentación por mezclas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Lema Tomalo, Oscar Mauricio; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    Due to environmental conditions, there is a growing demand to produce sustainable materials, especially for biopolymers derived from agro-industrial wastes. Starch is a readily available polysaccharide in this type of waste and one of the most promising candidates to produce degradable polymers, however, its inherent fragility limits its applications. In search of a solution to this problem. The process for the extraction of starch by wet method is detailed, which involves the immersion of the ground raw materials contained in a screen to allow the natural entrainment of starch and by decantation let it accumulate at the bottom. The proportions of the mixture design were used for the percentages of the biopolymer components, determining distilled water as solvent, glycerin as plasticizer, acetic acid was used as additive, and starch extracted from broad bean and pea pods. For the homogenization of the mixture, it was raised to a temperature of 60 degrees Celsius for 8 minutes and constant agitation until all the starch gelatinized, the mixture was poured into molds to be dried at room temperature. According to ASTM D668 standard, the starch-based biopolymer specimens were laser cut with a total of 57, to perform tests on the SHIMADZU AGS-50kNX machine, obtaining a tensile strength of 2.65 MPa, percentage elongation at break of 6 percent and a modulus of elasticity of 30 MPa.
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    Caracterización mecánica de un biopolímero a partir del almidón del camote y celulosa de brócoli obtenido mediante mezclas DOE
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Guallichico Acurio, Johanna Elizabeth; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    Currently, the environmental impact of sudden climate changes is considered relevant, giving rise to the concept of creating environmentally friendly products, giving way to biodegradable materials, which seek to reduce waste, create new renewable materials, among other ideals, with the help of technological advances. The experimental project focused on the mechanical characterization of a biopolymer seeking to optimize its properties for potential applications; through a design of experiments (DOE), different combinations of sweet potato starch and cellulose were explored to determine the influence of their proportions on the mechanical properties of the material. It was planned in three main stages: extraction to ensure the quality of the raw materials; analysis of the influence of the different proportions of the components on the tensile strength, elastic modulus, toughness, hardness and elongation at break of the biopolymer through statistical analysis; and the precise characterization of the mechanical properties of the material according to current standards. As a result, the present work proposed that first the relationship between the composition of the biopolymer and its mechanical properties must be determined, then the three best combinations of starch and cellulose should be identified to obtain the desired characteristics, which will contribute to the development of biopolymers with controlled mechanical properties, offering an ecological and sustainable alternative, opening new possibilities for its application in various sectors, with these results it can be used in the development of disposable products, contributing with one more alternative to safeguard the planet.