Tesis Agronomía

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    Caracterización del biochar de mora y su efecto sobre el rendimiento del cultivo de lechuga (Lactuca sativa
    (2026-01) Saqui Sailema, Jessica Lissette; Espinoza Vaca, Jorge Santiago
    Agricultural systems generate large amounts of plant residues that in many cases are not managed properly and their potential as by-products is lost. In this study, the residues from blackberry pruning were transformed into biochar through pyrolysis and were characterized by determining pH, electrical conductivity and the content of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) in order to evaluate their effect on lettuce cultivation under a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments: T0 (control), T1 (25 g), T2 (50 g) and T3 (75 g) and ten experimental units established in pots inside a greenhouse. The evaluated variables were number of leaves, plant height, root depth and fresh leaf weight, where statistical differences were observed in most of them, highlighting T1 (25 g) with the highest average weight per plant (217.10 g) and the highest values in number of leaves (18.80), root length (24.20 cm) and the best yield, while plant height did not show significant variation. Overall, these results show that the low dose of blackberry biochar improved the agronomic performance of lettuce, although it is necessary to continue with studies that allow defining its long-term effects on the crop
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    Efecto del biofertilizante a base de lombricomposta en el crecimiento del cultivo de brócoli (brassica oleracea var. italica)
    (2026-01) Paucar Gaspata, Alexis Rodrigo; Pomboza Tamaquiza, Pedro Pablo
    The research was carried out at the Estación Experimental Querochaca, located at the Universidad Técnica de Ambato. This study aimed to analyze the influence of a biofertilizer obtained from worm compost on the vegetative and reproductive growth of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica). The study evaluated the effect of different doses of worm compost (25% = 0.5 cc * lt; 50% = 10 cc * lt and 75%= 15 cc* lt ) on plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and head size, considering both polar and equatorial diameters. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized block design with three treatments. This study aimed to analyze the influence of a biofertilizer obtained from worm compost on the vegetative and reproductive growth of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica). The study evaluated the effect of different doses of worm compost (25%, 50%, and 75%) on plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and head size, considering both polar and equatorial diameters. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized block design with three treatments.
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    Evaluación de fosfitos en el comportamiento agronómico del cultivo zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) en el Cantón Salcedo
    (2026-01) Coque Peralta, Jimmy Alexander; León Gordón, Olguer Alfredo
    The research aims to evaluate three different commercial phosphite potassium (Fos-Kactiv), calcium (PHYTOGARD CALCIO), and magnesium (CHEMFOS ZN-MN)—at two specific doses (2.5 milliliters and 4 milliliters), with the firm intention of understanding the agronomic behavior in the yield of zucchini crops in the Salcedo Canton. To this end, completely randomized designs and completely randomized block designs were used, allowing for the study of critical variables and yields, namely the number of flowers, total fruit set in relation to overall flowering, perimeter, and sale weight at commercial maturity of the product obtained. Despite the doses applying and the different phosphites evaluated, no significant differences were found in the flowering variable or in the percentage of fruit set; however, a considerable difference was found between the various phosphites in terms of fruit weight and thickness. The best treatment in terms of weight and perimeters was Treatment 4 (calcium phosphite at 4 mL/L), with a weight of 1093.07 g and perimeters of 26.08 cm pistillate and 23.31 cm peduncular. The treatment with the lowest response in weight and perimeter was magnesium (T5), with a weight of 874.93 g and perimeters of 23.68 cm pistillate and 21.57 cm peduncular. These results suggest that calcium phosphite, in a high dose, is a promising alternative for increasing zucchini production.
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    Evaluación de fertilizantes foliares en el rendimiento del frejol mantequilla (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) en la comunidad de Condorahua, Cantón Pelileo.
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Carrera de Agronomía, 2026-01) Franklin Brian Amaguaña Guachamboza; José Hernán Zurita Vásquez
    The research was conducted in the community of Condorahua, Pelileo, with the objective of evaluating the effect of two foliar fertilizers (Max-Cuaje B-Mn-Zn and Fortiplus Ca-B-Zn) applied 50 and 60 days after planting on the yield of butter beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), using a completely randomized block design with a 2×2+1 factorial arrangement and three replications. Variables such as pod weight, pod length, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, days to harvest, and yield per plant were evaluated and analyzed using ANOVA, Tukey's test at the 5% level, and Kruskal- Wallis tests. The results showed that all foliar fertilization treatments outperformed the control, with the Max-Cuaje treatment applied at 60 days (F1E2) standing out. This treatment yielded 10.03 g of pod weight, 29.27 pods per plant, 4.40 seeds per pod, 15.03 cm of pod length, and a yield of 0.14 kg/plant. It is concluded that foliar fertilization increased crop productivity, with the application at 60 days being the most efficient as it coincided with a key reproductive stage.
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    Evaluación de dos bioestimulantes en la producción del forraje verde hidropónico de maíz (Zea mays)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Carrera de Agronomía, 2025-01) Acuña Cabrera, Jayller Manuel; Pérez Salinas, Marco Oswaldo
    The main purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of Maxi-grow and Biozyme biostimulants on the development yield of hydroponic green forage (HGF) from corn (Zea mays) of the yellow morocho variety. A completely randomized design was implemented with three treatments, including the control, each with three replicates, evaluating variables such as seedling height, root mat height, fresh weight, dry matter, protein content, and fiber content. The doses of biostimulants applied were as follows (1.25 cc/l for Maxi-grow and 1.15 cc/l for Biozyme). The results showed that both biostimulants helped in the growth of FVH, with Maxi-grow standing out because it obtained the highest values in seedling height with 17.12 cm and in root mat with 4.39 cm. In turn, a higher fresh weight was evident in the treatments with biostimulants, demonstrating their effectiveness in increasing biomass. In terms of nutritional analysis, no significant variations in protein or fiber content were observed between treatments. The research concluded by demonstrating that the use of biostimulants is a favorable alternative for improving FVH yield, especially when seeking to increase biomass production. However, their influence on nutritional quality was limited. For future research aimed at improving the nutritional quality of forage, it is recommended to supplement the use of biostimulants with high-nitrogen nutrient solutions, while also evaluating different doses and application frequencies.
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    Evaluación de un complejo fitohormonal en la producción de papa (Solanum tuberosum L), variedad Super chola en la parroquia Huambaló.
    (2025-08) Ponce Barrera, Andy Mauricio; Zurita Vásquez, José Hernán
    The aim of this research was to analyse the response of the potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.), variety Super Chola, to the application of a commercial phytohormonal complex (Donatron) at three different concentrations: 0.25 cc/L, 0.50 cc/L, and 0.75 cc/L. These doses were applied at two key stages of crop development, at 110 and 130 days after planting. The experiment was conducted in the Huambaló parish, Pelileo canton, Tungurahua province, using a Completely Randomised Block Design (CRBD) with a 3x2 factorial approach, plus a control treatment. In total, 21 plots were evaluated, with three replications per treatment. The variables studied included the visual classification of the tubers, which were categorised from first to sixth grade, along with a rejection group. Statistical analysis was carried out using the InfoStat programme, applying the Tukey test at a 5% significance level. The results revealed that the F2E2 treatment (0.50 cc/L applied three times) achieved the best performance, standing out with the highest averages in the highest commercial quality categories: first (11.47), second (8.07), and third (8.57). In contrast, the F1E1 treatment (0.25 cc/L with two applications) yielded less favourable results. These findings demonstrate that both the dose and the timing of the phytohormonal complex application are key factors in determining the final quality of the harvest. Although the use of the product entails an additional cost, the F2E2 treatment proved to be a viable and efficient alternative, with great potential for implementation in commercial production schemes. Therefore, it is recommended that further research be conducted on a larger scale, including profitability analysis and testing under various climatic conditions, in order to optimise usage recommendations and improve long-term productive outcomes
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    Evaluación de fertilizantes en el rendimiento de papa variedad Coneja (Solanum tuberosum andigena) en suelos del Caserío Puñachizag Cantón Quero
    (2025) Miranda Sanchez, Mauricio Damian; Valle Velastegui, Edgar Luciano
    The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of three chemical fertilizers (10-30-10, 15-15-15, and 19-04-19) on the agronomic performance of the potato variety Coneja (Solanum tuberosum andigena), cultivated in the soils of Puñachizag village, Quero canton. This study addresses the current need to optimize fertilizer use in high Andean regions, where potato production is essential for food security and rural economies. The methodology was based on a completely randomized block design with three treatments and one absolute control, each with three replications. Variables evaluated included plant height at different phenological stages, tuber weight and diameter, number of sacks by commercial category, and an economic analysis. Results showed that the 10-30-10 fertilizer produced the highest yield and best commercial quality, with superior plant height, tuber weight per plant, and a greater proportion of first-grade tubers. Although it involved higher costs, it resulted in greater net economic benefits. The 15-15-15 fertilizer showed intermediate performance, while the 19-04-19 treatment was less efficient. The control treatment recorded the lowest values in all variables. This research falls under the line of plant nutrition and agronomic management, proposing 10-30-10 as an effective alternative to improve profitability in potato cultivation. The study provides scientific evidence applicable to similar agricultural contexts, offering a valuable contribution for farmers and agricultural technicians.
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    Evaluación agronómica de tres variedades de pepinillo (Cucumis Sativus L.) en dos ambientes en el sector Panzaleo, Provincia Cotopaxi
    (2025-08) Larcos Lucero, Karen Nayeli; Velástegui, Giovanny
    The purpose of this research is the “Evaluation the agronomic performance of three cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L) varieties under two different environmental conditions in the Panzaleo sector, Cotopaxi Province”, in order to determine which combination of variety and environment yields the best results in terms of fruit quality and productivity. A completely randomized block design with a factorial arrangement (3 x 2) was used, testing the Jaguar, Chaya, and Lisboa varieties in open-field and protected (covered) conditions. The results showed no statistically significant differences in polar diameter, although the Lisboa variety under protected conditions recorded the hidhest value (13.30 cm). For equatorial diameter, fruit weight, and yield, the best performance was also observed in the Lisboa variety under cover, with 4.40 cm, 153 g and 293 kg/ha, respectively. Visual differences in fruit color were observed, influenced by both the variety and the environment, with more intense tones in fruits grown under protected conditions. It is concluded that the protected environment significantly enhances the agronomic development of cucumbers, and the Lisboa variety showed the best overall performance. Therefore, its cultivation is recommended in areas with environmental conditions similar to those of the Panzaleo sector
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    Evaluación de enmiendas biológicas y bioestimulantes en el cultivo de Brócoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica.)
    (2025-08) Aponte Ocaña, Jazmina Gissela; Zurita Vásquez, José Hernán
    The present research was carried out in the village of San Rafael, belonging to the Patate canton, Tungurahua province. Its objective was to evaluate the best biological amendment and biostimulant at different dosages in the cultivation of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica). A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used, including a control, with three replications and four applications. Statistical analysis was performed using Tukey’s test at a 5% probability level. The treatments evaluated were SINETIQ at (0.5 – 1.5 – 2.5 ml/L), VUSTERQ at (0.5 – 1.5 – 2.5 ml/L), SINETIQ + BIODYNE 401 at (0.5 – 1.5 – 2.5 ml/L), and VUSTERQ + BIODYNE 401 at (0.5 – 1.5 – 2.5 ml/L). The variables were assessed at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after the first application, which included plant height (cm) and number of leaves. The results at 15 days were not very evident compared to those at 60 days after application, where treatment D2F2 (VUSTERQ 1.5 ml/L) showed the highest average plant height with 34.33 cm. Regarding the number of leaves, the same treatment D2F2 achieved greater foliar development with an average of 19.67 leaves. Treatment D4F2 (VUSTERQ + BIODYNE 401 at 1.5 ml/L) reached the highest weight (601.70 g), followed by D2F2 (559.46 g), while D1F1 and the control recorded the lowest values. For polar diameter, treatments D2F3 and D4F2 showed the best results; for equatorial diameter, D2F3 and D2F2 stood out. The control presented the lowest averages in both variables.
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    Evaluación del efecto de fertilizantes foliares en el cultivo de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth)
    (2024-08) Morales Cunalata, Erika Marlene; Zurita Vásquez, José Hernán
    In Ecuador, the blackberry crop (Rubus glaucus Benth) is an important contributor to the national economy due to its high market demand, attributable to its nutritional value and profitability. In the present research, the effect of foliar fertilizers on the blackberry crop (Rubus glaucus Benth), located in the parish of El Rosario, Condorahua, was evaluated. The study factors were two types of foliar fertilizers (Terranova Ca-B-Zn and Nutramento Ca-BZn) and doses (2.0 cc/lt, 3.0 cc/lt and 4.0 cc/lt) in order to determine which treatment increases crop yield. The experimental design used was a completely randomized block design with a 2x3 factorial arrangement plus a control with three replications, and was tested by Tukey significance tests at 5% using the Infostad statistical program. The variables evaluated were fruit weight, fruit TSS, fruit firmness, fruit equatorial and polar diameter, number of flowers/branch, number of fruits/branch and yield per plant. The results showed that the foliar fertilizer Nutramento Ca-B-Zn, applied at a dose of 3.0 cc/lt (treatment F2D2) during the flowering stage, increased fruit weight (9.24 g), improved fruit firmness (1.83 kg/cm), as well as equatorial (2.27 cm) and polar (2.89 cm) diameter, achieving large and medium sized fruits. In addition, a greater number of flowers per branch and fruits per branch were observed in plants treated with Nutramento Ca-B-Zn at a dose of 4.0 cc/lt, with averages of 24.73 flowers/branch and 24.01 fruits/branch. The calculated yield was significantly higher with treatment F2D2 (Nutramento Ca-B-Zn at a dose of 3.0 cc/lt), reaching an average of 1.48 kg/plant compared to the other treatments. The concentration of total soluble solids in the fruit was also influenced by both the type of product and the dose applied, being notably higher in plants treated with Terranova Ca-B-Zn at a dose of 4.0 cc/lt, reaching a value of 10.56 °Brix. Based on these results, the use of the foliar fertilizer Nutramento Ca-B-Zn is recommended for the nutrition of blackberry plants, in order to obtain fruits of better quality and higher yield.