Tesis Agronomía
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Item Evaluación del efecto de fertilizantes foliares en el cultivo de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth)(2024-08) Morales Cunalata, Erika Marlene; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánIn Ecuador, the blackberry crop (Rubus glaucus Benth) is an important contributor to the national economy due to its high market demand, attributable to its nutritional value and profitability. In the present research, the effect of foliar fertilizers on the blackberry crop (Rubus glaucus Benth), located in the parish of El Rosario, Condorahua, was evaluated. The study factors were two types of foliar fertilizers (Terranova Ca-B-Zn and Nutramento Ca-BZn) and doses (2.0 cc/lt, 3.0 cc/lt and 4.0 cc/lt) in order to determine which treatment increases crop yield. The experimental design used was a completely randomized block design with a 2x3 factorial arrangement plus a control with three replications, and was tested by Tukey significance tests at 5% using the Infostad statistical program. The variables evaluated were fruit weight, fruit TSS, fruit firmness, fruit equatorial and polar diameter, number of flowers/branch, number of fruits/branch and yield per plant. The results showed that the foliar fertilizer Nutramento Ca-B-Zn, applied at a dose of 3.0 cc/lt (treatment F2D2) during the flowering stage, increased fruit weight (9.24 g), improved fruit firmness (1.83 kg/cm), as well as equatorial (2.27 cm) and polar (2.89 cm) diameter, achieving large and medium sized fruits. In addition, a greater number of flowers per branch and fruits per branch were observed in plants treated with Nutramento Ca-B-Zn at a dose of 4.0 cc/lt, with averages of 24.73 flowers/branch and 24.01 fruits/branch. The calculated yield was significantly higher with treatment F2D2 (Nutramento Ca-B-Zn at a dose of 3.0 cc/lt), reaching an average of 1.48 kg/plant compared to the other treatments. The concentration of total soluble solids in the fruit was also influenced by both the type of product and the dose applied, being notably higher in plants treated with Terranova Ca-B-Zn at a dose of 4.0 cc/lt, reaching a value of 10.56 °Brix. Based on these results, the use of the foliar fertilizer Nutramento Ca-B-Zn is recommended for the nutrition of blackberry plants, in order to obtain fruits of better quality and higher yield.Item Evaluación del uso de productos alternativos, para el desarrollo vegetativo del cultivo de perejil (Petroselinum crispum)(2024-08) Huaraca Marcatoma, Delia Dolores; Valle Velastegui, Edgar LucianoThe research was carried out at the Querochaca Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, with the objective of evaluating two alternative products for the vegetative development of the parsley crop (Petroselinum crispum) with three applications in different doses. The experimental design used was a completely randomized block design (DBCA) with treatment group analysis, with 3 repetitions, and the Tukey test at 5% was applied to separate means. The variables evaluated were: plant height, dry matter, plant weight, yield in kg/Ha. The products evaluated are: Trichodaoj Alipiol and Bioemas. Trichodaoj Alipiol managed with a dose of 30g/L in vegetative development, with a plant height of 34.5 cm, plant weight of 64 g and a yield of 16319.01 kg/Ha. The bioemas managed with a dose of 40cc/L with a height of 34.4 cm, with a yield of 14733.33kg/Ha, regarding the dry matter variable, no product was significantItem Evaluación de la densidad de plantación de pepinillo (Cucumis sativus L.), bajo cubierta plástica en la parroquia de Picaihua(2024-08) Chango Palate, Félix Leonardo; Curay Quispe, Segundo EuclidesThe research work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the planting density at different distances of the cucumber crop (Cucumis sativus L.) under cover in the province of Tungurahua, canton Ambato, Picaihua sector on the land of Mr. Nelson Criollo, the geographic coordinates of South latitude of 1°13´60´´ and 78°34´60´´ at 2680m.s.n.m. A randomized complete block design (DBCA) was applied, with a 2x3+1 factorial design with three repetitions, to the significant responses the Tukey test was applied at 5%, for the treatments, where the following results were achieved such as: variable stem diameter the time elapsed since sowing is 20 days, 40 days and 60 days for the treatments where there are no significant differences between the treatments. In the variable yield per plot from sowing to the first harvest were 65 days, since the hybrid f1 gherkins were homogeneous and had the same climate and management conditions which the midas f1 gherkin is a short cycle with a duration of two months and five days in the first harvest the variables were determined: stem diameter, fruit length, polar diameter, equatorial diameter, number of fruits per site, fruit yield per plot. Which the best agronomic characteristics were obtained in the crop the S2D3 treatment obtained number of fruit plant with an average of Fruits per site 16.20 U, the stem diameter is 0.88 mm; polar diameter 21.05 cm; equatorial diameter 6.47 cm; fruit weight 553.52 g; yield was S2D1 with 312.51 TN/ha), respectively.Item Evaluación bromatológica de Forraje Verde Hidropónico en dos variedades de Maíz (Zea mays), y Vicia (Vicia sativa)(2024-08) Camino Grijalva, César Alexander; León Gordon, Olguer AlfredoHydroponic green fodder (HGF) emerges as a sustainable alternative for the production of feed for cattle in arid and semi-arid areas. The demand for agricultural products has driven the introduction of agriculture and livestock in these fragile areas, which can cause environmental degradation. HGF is grown in an environment free of chemicals and growth promoters, using viable seeds and a soil-less method. Corn and vetch are two of the best crops for HGF. Hydroponic systems adapt to the local climate, allowing the cultivation of specific species and ensuring a constant supply of nutrient-rich feed for livestock. The objective of this research was to bromatologically evaluate hydroponic green fodder of corn and vetch. The performance of hydroponic production of the fodders was determined. The test was carried out in the Bellavista neighborhood, Ambato canton, Tungurahua province. Therefore, the global positioning system (GPS) is located at an altitude of 2650 meters above sea level and in geographic coordinates: Latitude 1 ° 14′56 "South and longitude 78 ° 37′00" West. A design (BCA) with a 2x2 factorial arrangement with 3 repetitions was applied and the Tukey test was performed at 5%. The results obtained from the bromatological evaluation show that the common vetch variety species with the FVHB1 treatment reported a higher percentage of crude protein, dry matter and ash. On the other hand, with a higher percentage of ether extract, the yellow corn variety species with the FVHA1 treatment, likewise the FVHB2 treatment reported a higher percentage of crude fiber. The performance of hydroponic forage production. Common vetch (FVHB1) has a higher yield in the variable plant height with 29.33 cm as well as the variable root length with the FVHA2 treatment of 7.00 cm while, the highest yield in the variable final weight of the forage was the FVHA2 treatment with 3.60 kg which makes it a more attractive option for large-scale hydroponic production. KeywordsItem Evaluación de dosis y época de aplicación de extracto de azolla (Anabaena azollae) en el cultivo de brócoli (Brassica oleracea Var. italica)(2023-09) Viteri Jiménez, Gandhy Esteban; Muñoz Espinoza, Manolo SebastiánThis research study was conducted in the Anchilivi neighborhood, located in the Salcedo canton, Cotopaxi province. The objective was to evaluate the dose and timing of application of Azolla extract (A. azollae) in broccoli cultivation (Brassica oleracea var. italica) in order to analyze its effect on different treatments. The study factors evaluated were the extract dose: 5 cm³/L, 10 cm³/L, and 15 cm³/L, and the timing of application; at 15 days (A1), at 15 and 30 days (A2), and at 15, 30, and 45 days (A3) after transplanting. The most effective treatment with the most favorable results was D3A3 in various response variables, which showed head weight (452.67 g), plant height (37.20 cm), root volume (32.73 cm3), head diameter (12.00 cm), and yield (18106.67 kg/ha). Similarly, it was observed that there were no significant variations in the number of leaves in any treatment. These results are attributed to the benefits and different metabolic compounds present in the extracts, which act favorably in the production of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) cultivation, as reflected in this research.Item Evaluación del comportamiento agronómico de líneas promisorias de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) del INIAP, sector Querochaca(2023-09) Sotaminga Cueva, Jamilex Tatiana; Vásquez Freytez, Carlos LuisIn Ecuador, wheat production is of great importance and a high demand in the economy. The most producing provinces are Bolívar, Chimborazo, Pichincha, Imbabura and Tungurahua. The research work was carried out in Querochaca, Tungurahua province with the objective of determining the agronomic behavior of 4 promising lines of wheat under the agroecological conditions of the Querochaca campus. A completely randomized block design (DBCA) was carried out with three repetitions, plant height, type of straw, number of grains per spike, spike size, severity of yellow rust, yield type and grain color were evaluated; and test weight. The results obtained were for the plant height variable, the TA- 19-003 line obtained a greater height of 97.67 cm, the TA-19-008 line showed a strong stem (thick, erect, flexible). The INIAP-IMBABURA variety presented a higher test weight of 79.13 kg/hl. Regarding the type and color of the grain, a high percentage of the grains were medium, white and of good appearance, while the rest were medium, red and good grains or thick, red grains and good appearance. For the variable number of grains per spike, the line TA-20-001 presented 58 grains/spike followed by TA-19-003 with 51 grains/spike. The INIAP-IMBABURA 2014 variety showed the least severity to attack by yellow or stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis), the TA-19-003 line obtained a higher yield with an average weight of 56664.81 kg/ha.Item Efecto de la aplicación de calcio en la producción en el cultivo de lechuga (Lactuca sativa)(2023-09) Núñez Chango, Sebastián Francisco; Valle Velastegui, Edgar LucianoCalcium deficiency in lettuce production is a metabolic failure that is not related to any pathogenic organism such as pests, fungi or bacteria. In the present work, the use of calcium-based fertilizers was evaluated in order to know with which product and dosage the lettuce crop will obtain better quality. Two products were evaluated: Cálix (P1) and Profol (P2); each with four different doses. The treatments were as follows: P1D1 (Cálix dose 0.5ml/L), P1D2 (Cálix dose 1.0 ml/L), P1D3 (Cálix dose 1.5ml/L), P1D0 (no application), P2D1 (Profol dose 1.0 ml/L), P2D2 (Cálix dose 1.5 ml/L), P2D3 (Cálix dose 2.0 ml/L), and P2D0 (no application). The experimental design used was completely randomized blocks with three replications, and the variables evaluated were plant height, cabbage weight, cabbage hardness and yield, with data taken at harvest time. In all the variables evaluated, the treatment that stood out was P1D3, with the following averages for the corresponding variables: plant height 22.54 cm; cabbage weight 2.46 kg; hardness 22.37 psi; and yield of 20497.23 kg/ha respectively. Through the research work, it was possible to determine whether there is an interaction between calcium-based fertilizers and the doses applied to the lettuce cropItem Evaluación del efecto de dos compensadores de horas frío en el rendimiento del cultivo de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) variedad única pera(2023-09) Núñez Balladares, Vanessa Estefanía; León Gordón, Olguer AlfredoThe present study, based on the production of (Solanum tuberosum L.) single pear variety by seed-tuber that was previously induced with chilling time compensators: Dormex and Urea, and a control that was not treated with any inductor, was developed in the Santa Marianita sector of the Mocha canton, province of Tungurahua, with the purpose of evaluating the effect of the chilling time compensators on the yield of the crop of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) single pear variety. The response variables evaluated were: plant height, number of aerial stems, number of tubers per plant, longitudinal and central diameter, weight of tubers per plant, days to sprouting, days to harvest and yield. A completely randomized block experimental design was used in group analysis with 3 replications. The data obtained were analyzed using Tukey's test at 5%, giving the following results: in plant height, T2D1 (Dormex 50 cc/L) with 84.40 cm plant height and the control with 74.73 cm was the one with the lowest yield. In number of aerial stems per plant, T2D1 (Dormex 50 cc/L) had 12.33 stems, standing out from the rest and, unlike the control, only 6.80 aerial stems. In number of tubers per plant, T2D1 (Dormex 50 cc/L) had 42.80 tubers, being superior to the control, which only obtained 27.07 tubers per plant. In equatorial diameter, T2D1 (Dormex 50 cc/L), with 9.39 cm, occupied first place while the control only obtained 7.78 cm. In polar diameter, T2D1 (Dormex 50 cc/L) ranked first with 7.67 cm, while the control was last with 6.31 cm. In tuber weight per plant, T2D1 (Dormex 50 cc/L), with 2145.40 g, was far superior to the Witness, which had 1614.07 g. In days to sprouting, group 2 (Dormex) sprouted at 27 days, group 1 (Urea) at 29 days and the control at 35 days. In days to harvest, group 2 (Dormex) was at 120 days, group 1 (Urea) at 128 days and the Witness at 150 days. Finally, in yield, T2D1 (Dormex 50 cc/L) was the best treatment for the first category with an average of 3541.31 kg/ha, for the second category with an average of 1595.70 kg/ha, for the third category 1494.20 kg/ha and for the fourth category with an average of 221.11 kg/haItem Evaluación del rendimiento de lechuga (Lactuca sativa L. var. Coolguard) con la aplicación de dos extractos de algas en el cantón Cevallos(2023-09) Cueva Gómez, Kerly Nicol; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueThe present study was carried out in the properties of the experimental farm Docente Querochaca of the Cevallos canton, Tungurahua province, with the purpose of evaluating the yield of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Coolguard), using artisanal extract of freshwater algae from Spirogyra species, applied with three doses compared to a commercial algae extract Nodosum®. An experimental design with randomized blocks was carried out with seven treatments in three repetitions. The data obtained were analyzed using ADEVA and the Tukey test at 5%, observing the following results: For the variables cabbage diameter, plant height, cabbage mass, root length, cabbage color and crop yield, showing the following results, the most outstanding being T1 for the yield variable with an average of 24.80 t/ha and for plant height the best treatment was (T2) with an average height of 19.78 cm, composed of the product 1 (artisanal seaweed) with the dose (2.5 ml), as well as the treatment that stood out was T1 composed of product 1 (artisanal seaweed) with dose 1 (1.5 ml) in the cabbage diameter variable with an average of 139.58 mm in diameter, that is to say that these two treatments had better agronomic characteristics, for which we can say that these variables were better adapted to the area where the research work was carried out, while the composite T3 treatments by (P1D3); T4 (P2D1); T5 (P2D2); T6 (P2D1) and Control presented lower values than T1 (P1D1) and T2 (P1D2)Item Evaluación de bioestimulantes foliares para incrementar el rendimiento en el cultivo de granadilla (Pasiflora ligularis) en el caserío El Obraje cantón Pelileo(2023-03) Carpio Rugel, Angy Lisbeth; Muñoz Espinoza, Manolo SebastiánPassiflora species are widely distributed in the Americas where they are very important, among which the sweet granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss.) stands out for its pleasant flavor and nutritional value, which allows to be commercialized in national and international markets. In order to increase crop yields, biostimulants have emerged as a sustainable alternative in recent decades. In the present study, the effect of the application of two foliar biostimulants on the increase in the yield of Passiflora ligularis (granadilla) was evaluated in El Obraje neighborhood, from canton Pelileo. Two types of biostimulants (Crop + Plus and Kelan Complex) were applied at a dose of 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 ml/L in sweet granadilla plants at the beginning of flowering stage. The plants treated with Crop + Plus showed the maximum values in the petiole thickness, equatorial diameter and longitudinal diameter of the sweet granadilla fruits on the different sampling dates. Likewise, the increase in the application dose of Crop + Plus caused an increase in petiole thickness, equatorial diameter and longitudinal diameter reaching values of 5.21; 14.9 and 7.57 mm, respectively, which were higher than the control treatment (4.94; 11.69 and 5.9 mm). An effect of both the type of product and the dose used on the total ratio of sucrose dissolved in the passion fruit juice and on the weight of the fruits was also demonstrated, which varied from 17.6 to 20.9 °Brix while the fruit weight ranged from 74.3 to 120.0 g with doses 1.0 and 2.2 ml/L of Crop + Plus. According to the results, the use of Crop + Plus proves to be a viable option to increase the yield and quality of the sweet granadilla fruit.