Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/2148

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    Optimización mediante metodología de superficie de respuesta de los parámetros de fabricación de fachaletas mezclando concreto con triturado de tereftalato de polietileno reciclado y su incidencia en la resistencia mecánica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020) Castillo Herrera, Willan Pablo; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    People's wrong habits when recycling Polyethylene Terephthalate plastic bottles ends up in environmental pollution, a plastic bottle recycling machine was implemented in Santo Domingo of the Tsáchilas, and using a Nelmor brand plastic bottle crusher, G1215M1 model, Polyethylene Terephthalate is processed.Crushed recycled PET percentage variations of 15 -20 –25 percent are made in the mixture with dimensions between 6mm -8mm -14mm and aggregate of 3mm -8mm -11mm. This concrete composite material plus the addition of crushed recycled PET are added in a manufactured mold from Artisan 1 that is a silicone elastomer. 45 veneers are manufactured and 4-point flexural tests are made, after 21 days of being manufactured according to INEN 2554:2011 norm, variates between 0,50125 and 1,59958 Megapascal. To the 45 veneers after 21 days of being manufactured, compression tests are made according to the INEN 1573:2010 norm and variates between 1.80700 and 4.31367 Megapascal. An optimization is performed through a surface response methodology using a statistical software, determining the optimal parametersfor veneers manufacturing, where the maximum percentage in the PET mix is of 15 percent with a dimension of 14mm and aggregate size of 6,95 mm. It is recommended in future investigations to make concrete veneers plus the addition of crushed recycled PET with a maximum percentage of 15 percent as a in the mixture, 14 mm dimension and 7 mm aggregate size, and to add a pigment in the mix to give color to the veneers.
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    Estudio de la influencia del proceso de soldadura del acero HSLA ASTM A500 GR C utilizado en carrocerías de buses en sus propiedades mecánicas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020-09) Carrasco Carrasco, Luis Roberto; López Villacís, Gonzalo Eduardo
    This research is intended to define the influence of the heat contributed by the welding process of the bus bodywork on the properties of the material and its capacity of resistance to impact, and for this purpose it began with the testing of ASTM A500 steel without welding. Then, the test was carried out with the E6011 electrode central weld and with the ER70S-6 electrode, measuring the deformation with an initial length of 100mm. It can be effectively verified that the welding process does affect the properties of the material. The most affected property was the modulus of elasticity with a change that exceeded 80 percent, which means that the welding process modified the material making it more rigid and brittle due to the change in temperature and the cooling rate. The yield stress of the material in the welded area decreased to 10 percent, which also reduces the safety factor in this area. Following this, the impact simulation of the front of the bus bodywork was modeled and performed by using the results of the tests in the welding area. The simulation results allowed to identify the areas where the greatest stresses occur, these were located in the area of the frontal collision near the welded joints, but not on the welds. The stress in these areas exceeded the maximum yield stress, but the percentage deformations were less than the tests without breaking the structure.
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    Optimización topológica de un asiento de autobús interprovincial para el cumplimiento del reglamento ECE-R80
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020-09) Córdova Aldas, Carlos Omar; Núñez Núñez, Diego Fernando
    The manufacturing process of the seats from the metallic body of the interprovincial buses made in the country are made by craft. The analysis of the original and optimized pieces was carried out through the following steps: with a pre-processing carrying out a CAD design in order to draw the geometry of the seat structure, then, there was a process in which a particular mesh design was developed, which allowed to lighten the results at the moment of being evaluated in the MEF programs; the efforts to which the most fundamental pieces are exposed were verified in post-processing through simulation in computer programs. The pieces that were optimized are: the seat leg, the spring support, the seat belt support plates and the elbow supports. This topological optimization in each of the pieces that are part of the interprovincial service bus seat, allowed to reduce the weight of the seats and therefore the entire body, which influences a reduction in fuel.
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    Análisis del comportamiento térmico de la máquina de temperado para optimizar el procesamiento de chocolate
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020-09) Rodríguez Sánchez, Nancy Piedad; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos Mauricio
    The project arises from the need of the Noblezza factory to perform the optimization of the tempering process due to the unproductive times it generates. The objective of the thesis has been to analyze the behavior of the tempering machine to optimize the work process. The analysis methodology have been defined for the contour conditions and start of work of the machine, with which the operation is analyzed using simulations of Computational Fluid Dynamics with color scales that allow an interpretation of the temperature distribution in all the components of the machine, obtaining a detailed model. The hypothesis verification is carried out in a framework of experimentations around the machine data and careful analysis through simulations that identify the appropriate temperature curve for the improvement in production. Finally, temper times and indices are compared, which demonstrate the quality of the process.
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    Estudio del estado actual de máquinas y equipos del área de inyección de accesorios de PVC de la empresa Holviplas S.A. a través de los registros de falla mediante la ley de Weibull
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020-09) Poaquiza Rivera, Nelson Rodrigo; López Velástegui, Jorge Enrique
    At present, maintenance at the company level is important, which consists of planning certain measures dedicated to the condition of machines and equipment that has as its primary objective to determine the reliability and availability, with this it is intended to know the optimal operating conditions, reducing the failure rate, downtime and thus increase the life of the elements and the productivity of the company. It began with the determination of technical data sheets and the collection of data on maintenance activities recorded for each machine and equipment in the area, where operating times (To), repair time (TR), downtime (TP) were obtained and the mean time between failures (TPEF), mean time between repairs (TPPR), failure rate, reliability, and availability (D) were analyzed. Afterwards, the analysis was made by means of a statistical tool according to the NTP331 Weibull analysis, to determine the reliability by the mathematical method and graphic model for each machinery, which facilitated to issue a relevant criterion on the graphs of the curve of the bath and the stages that each machine and equipment are in. Also according to the Standard NTP 679 AMFE, the crucial components to suffer failures were identified through a matrix of weighted criteria, in which the risk priority number (NPR) of each system was obtained, which indicates the actions that must be taken for each component with greater (NPR) of the machinery. A specialized software was developed that allows and facilitates the calculation of the characteristic parameters of the Weibull function, as well as the reliability measurement parameters such as: failure rate, failure probability, time between failures, availability, etc. The program requires the entry of the historical data of operation times ordered from minor to major either manually or by means of an excel file by the selected method. Several practical tests were carried out to check the scope and it was possible to obtain a program that is capable of calculating the mentioned parameters and also of graphing with a precision at the level of some commercial softwares, with a simple user interface. The software developed is intended in the future to be applied to multiple machines and equipment from different companies, whether they are manufacturing companies or any other activity that requires an industrial maintenance strategy.
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    Diseño de la estructura del autobus interprovincial modelo IM9 sobre chasis Mercedes Benz 0500 RS 1836 de Miral Autobuses en base a la seguridad al vuelco
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020) Atacusí Hidalgo, Braulio Patricio; Arroba Arroba, Cesar Hernán
    In our country, there are some problems in the coach sector related to the manufacture of buses, among which are high weight and low resistance to rollover, which has resulted in high mortality rates in traffic accidents. Taking as reference previous studies, based on research carried out worldwide, national and international regulations, the current structure of the bus for interprovincial service IM9 on Mercedes Benz O500 RS 1836 chassis of Miral Autobuses, was based on the theory and the finite element method with the analysis software Ansys, which was validated by a physical rollover test of the most critical section of the structure in accordance with the provisions of Regulation 66 of the United Nations, the structure was modified with the material that the company currently uses, identifying oversized segments, by varying the thickness, its weight was reduced without forgetting rollover resistance, reliable results were achieved to ensure the quality and safety of the products manufactured by Miral Autobuses. It was determined by an adequate design, at specific points of the bus structure reducing its weight always keeping in mind the most important aspect, the conservation of lives, which translates into the fact that the passenger survival zone is never invaded during a rollover accident. After having done the research, it is recommended to work on composite materials for the body components, which can reduce weight in order to be more competitive in comparison to other bus body builders that are selling its products in our country, in the future, we will sell our buses in international markets.
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    Análisis de la influencia de un dieléctrico ecológico sobre la rugosidad superficial en el maquinado del acero K100 mediante el proceso de electroerosión por hilo (WEDM)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020) Molina Molina, Diego Patricio; Analuiza Maiza, Oscar Iván
    In the Ecuador, non-conventional mechanized process have carried an analysis that is referred to the form of production of mechanic elements of complex geometry, that’s why the necessity of investigate the cuts of wire electroerosion (WEDM); using an alternative dielectric which is ecological in base to the electrochemical effect, for the aim of substitute the common way of coolant without the alteration of the final roughness and hardness on the cutting section, and preserve the equipment integrity, and contributing to the factories dedicated to the sheet metal process, to the ecology and the environment around us. The mentioned process goer together with the adequate cutting parameters study, based on an experimental investigation lead to characterized the representative ones of the surface finishing. The analysis is based on a comparative treatment which permits knowing the variability of the roughness and hardness acquired amounts on the cutting section through a variances analysis ANOVA about the factors that influence on the cutting process, in addition observe the presence of possible alterations on the cutting zone through the application of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Having as a result the applicability of the alternative dielectric because under the influence of the same is achieved to obtain in average a significant value of roughness equal to 4,658 micrometers which is less to the achieved average amount with the application of the coolant, where the average is 5,253 micrometers. Furthermore, the surface represents less rate of irregularities, and one significant average to hardness it is referred. That is why the ecologic fluent gets to substitute easily, achieving with the asked expectations for the mechanized type.
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    Estudio de la rugosidad superficial y el desgaste de herramientas de carburo en el proceso de torneado para una aleación de aluminio AA 7075-T6 (PRODAX)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020) Ramírez Gangotena, Leonidas Esteban; Analuiza Maiza, Oscar Iván
    The aluminum alloy AA 7075-T6 has advantages due to its mechanical properties, its good machinability and its understandable cost compared against other materials. Therefore, it has a great field in its industrial applications, especially in the automotive industry, aviation, marine, injection, among others. The aim of this investigation is to study the impact of the cutting parameters in the surface roughness and the tool wear, for the CNC turning machining of an aluminum alloy AA 7075-T6. An experimental methodology has been used and the considered factors were the cutting speed (Vc), feed rate (f), cutting depth (Ap) and the experimental essays were done with two levels for each factor. The turning machining was carried out in a CNC turning machine, EMCO brand model EMCOMAT E-200 by doing 16 essays according to the arrangement, by the corresponding experimental design of a complete factorial. Thus, it was established the factors that influence in the surface finish and the cutting tool wear. By using an ANOVA analysis of variance, it was determined that, for a surface roughness, the feed rate influences in 95.91 percent, the cutting speed 0.00803 percentage, the cutting depth 0.1813 percent and the type of cutting tool 1.22 percent. Meanwhile, for the cutting tool wear, the feed rate influences in 0.94 percent, the cutting speed 1.84 percent, the cutting depth 3.954 percent and the type of cutting tool 82.136 percent. In function of the analysis of the obtained results, it was determined the optimum cutting parameters, establishing a cutting speed of 400 [m/min], feed rate of 0.1 [mm/rev], cutting depth of 1.5 [mm] and chemical vapor deposition covering (CVD) as type of cutting tool. Under these parameters, the surface roughness (Ra) was 0.7098 [µm] and the cutting tool wear was 0.9233 [µm].
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    Diseño de una herramienta de forma para mecanizado de contrasalidas en moldes de suelas de calzado y determinación de los regímenes de corte adecuados
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020) Muquinche Puca, Juan Pablo; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos Mauricio
    The research project was developed due to mold manufacturing market demand for shoes soles. Since, one of the main problems is the lack of tools that cover Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) machining programs’ demand; which integrate advanced cutting strategies in their latest versions. This type of technology has evolved over time. In addition, market trends have required program developers to integrate functions that were not possible in the past. However, the best cutting strategies are not enough if resistant tools that have a durable design are not integrated. According to the presented study and through an experimental analysis, an adequate design of a rhomboidal counter-output tool is provided. Likewise, cutting parameters that guarantee a long life are established. The relevant factors in the experimental process are advanced speed and lateral pass depth. Since, machining advanced strategies appearance have been determined empirically. Consequently, material and time losses are generated during molds development. Trend continuous change of footwear models demands a flexible mold manufacturing process and implementation of adaptable machining tools. The proposal of this research includes a manual of sharpening procedure, according to proposed and validated design tool. Sharpening process is carried out by a tool development team at different clamping angles. In addition, the appropriate tool material was determined, which has flexibility to increase lateral pass value percentage.
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    Análisis de recubrimientos anticorrosivos aplicados a los aceros Q235B y su incidencia en la tasa de corrosión, en el sistema de agua potable de la ciudad de Riobamba provincia de Chimborazo
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020) Amancha Torres, Hugo Fabián; Paredes Robalino, María Belén
    The investigation studied several anticorrosive coatings applied to Q235 steel, and the effects of the corrosion rate with the help of the salt spray chamber. The applied coatings are products known in the market and are AWWA C210 / 92 certified epoxy-food grade; because the pipe is used in the Drinking Water System of the City of Riobamba. The samples to be analyzed contain three different types of substrate cleaning prior to coating application and two types of coating application. For the present study, we will refer to the ASTM B117 standards, which details the necessary guidelines for accelerated corrosion tests in a salt spray chamber. According to ASTM D610, the degree of corrosion presented by the samples was indicated. And based on the ASTM G1 standard, the corrosion rate of each specimen was calculated. This analysis helped us compare and establish the best corrosion protection methods for Q235B carbon steel. Which are: UHS Duraplate - Bristle Blaster - Spraying and UHS Duraplate - Mechanical - Spraying with corrosion rate of 0.0205 mm / year.