Nutrición y Dietética

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Calidad de la dieta hospitalaria en relación con los requerimientos nutricionales, en pacientes adultos mayores asilados en el hogar sagrado corazón de Jesús Ambato
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2023-09-01) Guaña Escobar, Rita Francisned; Bustillos Ortiz Ing. MSc., Diana Isabel
Introduction: An adequate nutritional contribution does not only refer to the adequate consumption of calories, but also to balance of the contribution of macronutrients and micronutrients; In elders, this premise becomes a difficult task to fulfill, due to the environment where they live and their functional situation, food intake is hindered and leads to states of malnutrition. Carrying out studies based on food intake in this population becomes essential to improve the nutritional approach and seek new dietary strategies that help the elderly population. Objective: This research is focused on studying the quality of the hospital diet in relation to nutritional requirements, in elderly patients living in the Hogar Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Ambato. Methodology: We worked with a population of 54 older adults from the stated institution, their nutritional requirements were calculated by applying the Müller formula with an activity factor plus food thermogenics, in addition a three-day data collection was carried out in the which the food supply of the elderly was analyzed, and finally a crossover of variables was carried out to verify the hypothesis. Results: Having a baseline of the nutritional status of the population, it was evidenced that 50% of the elderly showed low weight and only 31.5% had an adequate weight. In relation to these data, when evaluating food intake, it was determined that 57.4% had a deficient consumption of calories, 38.9% protein, and 66.7% carbohydrates. Conclusion: It was concluded that the nutrient intake in elders living in Hogar Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Ambato does not reach the nutritional requirements of each one.
ELABORACIÓN DE UNA MEZCLA ALIMENTARIA PARA CUBRIR REQUERIMIENTOS ENERGÉTICOS EN EL ADULTO MAYOR EDÉNTULO DE LA PARROQUIA GARCÍA MORENO
(2025-10-06) Aguaguiña Moreta, Nathaly Silvana; Bustillos Ortiz Diana Isabel; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
Introduction: nutrition is one of the main determinants of health and physical and mental performance, so consuming varied and safe food is one of the main objectives to ensure an adequate nutritional status in different age groups, in this case the elderly, who are a group at higher risk of nutritional deficits, due to multiple factors, such as advanced age, associa te d diseases, edentulism, which affects the tolerance and regulation of food intake. Objective: the present research focused on elaborating a food mixture to cover the energy requirements of the edentulous elderly of the García Moreno parish Methodology: we worked with a population of 30 elderly adults of the parish GAD, the nutrition a l status was calculated, the energy requirements were calculated using the Harris and Benedit formula by an activity and protein factor, the data collection was carried out in three days, followed by the evaluation of the organoleptic properties, and finally a Friedman statistical test was performed for related samples. Results: according to the baseline nutritional status, 46.6% presented a normal nutritional status and 33.3% were underweight, and as for the food mixtures, when performing the energy requirement and nutritional value, it was found that it covers between 26 and 32% of the requirement in the formulations, regarding the taste, a value of p <.001 and 0.023 was obtaine d between formulations 1 and 3; 2 and 3, respectively, thus presenting a significant difference and a good acceptance in terms of the different samples. Conclusions: a large part of the population presented malnutrition due to deficit or underweig h t, although a normal nutritional state prevailed. On the other hand, a food mixture was designed and elaborated, which was very acceptable to the population studied.
ESTADO NUTRICIONAL Y NIVEL DE SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA EN ADULTOS MAYORES DE LA PARROQUIA HUAMBALÓ, CANTÓN PELILEO
(2026-06-18) Aguirre Vacacela, Max Steeven; Solorzano Gaibor, Diego Sebastián; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
For health systems, population aging presents a significant challenge, especially regarding nutrition and access to adequate food. Within this context, this research aimed to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and food security levels in older adults in the Huambaló parish, Pelileo canton. The study was descriptive and correlational, observational, non-experimental, and crosssectional. The population consisted of 40 older adults residing in the Huambaló parish. Body mass index (BMI) was used to assess nutritional status, while the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA) was used to determine food security levels. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the chi-square (χ²) test was applied with a significance level of α = 0.05 to determine the relationship between the study variables. Older adults between 60 and 89 years of age had a higher proportion of participants, along with a predominance of females in the results. On the other hand, different categories were identified regarding nutritional status, with a predominance of older adults with normal nutritional status and overweight. Regarding food security, a greater presence of households with moderate food insecurity was observed, followed by mild and severe food insecurity, while few participants reported food security. The chi-square test indicated a p-value of 0.868, demonstrating that there is no statistically significant relationship between nutritional status and food security in the studied population. In conclusion, no statistically significant association was found with nutritional status, despite the identification of different levels of food insecurity in the population, suggesting the influence of other factors related to aging and health conditions.
SUPLEMENTACIÓN PROTEICA EN ADULTOS MAYORES, UNA FORMA DE PREVENIR LA SARCOPENIA
(2025-06-18) Navarrete Chicaiza, Christopher Damián; Bonilla Veloz, Silvia Elizabeth; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
Sarcopenia is a pathology that mainly affects older adults and is characterized by the progressive loss of muscle mass, as well as the deterioration in the functionality and strength of body movements. This degenerative process is a natural consequence of aging, but is influenced by factors such as physical inactivity, poor diet and metabolic changes characteristic of aging. As time goes by, many people, especially older adults, tend to lead a more sedentary life due to physical limitations or health problems, which contributes to the development of this condition. Sarcopenia not only affects the ability to perform daily activities, but also increases the risk of falls, fractures and dependence on others to perform daily tasks. Nutritional supplementation plays a key role in the prevention and management of this condition. Adequate intake of protein, essential amino acids such as leucine, and other compounds such as vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids can help preserve muscle mass and improve motor function. These strategies allow older adults to maintain their independence for longer, improving their quality of life and reducing the negative impact of sarcopenia. In summary, a balanced diet in conjunction with appropriate supplementation may be key to slowing the muscle loss associated with aging.