Nutrición y Dietética

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    GRASA CORPORAL MEDIANTE BIOIMPEDANCIA Y COMPLICACIONES ASOCIADAS EN LA DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO II
    (2025-06-18) Buenaño Galarza, Sara Priscila; Arteaga Almeida, Cristina Alexandra; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
    Introduction: Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) is a worldwide epidemic characterized by insulin resistance, the prevalence of which is increasing. The presence of the disease together with the accumulation of visceral fat can trigger various vascular complications. Objectives: To relate body fat measured by bioimpedance with macro and microvascular complications in patients with T2D. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out with a quantitative correlational approach in a sample of 88 patients diagnosed with T2D. To evaluate body composition, the multifrequency segmental bioimpedance method was used with the equipment (Inbody S10). The variables analyzed include: total body fat in kilograms, percentage of fat, visceral fat area and body mass index; the association with the following complications was evaluated: macrovascular (stroke) and microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy). Statistical analysis was performed using a Pearson coefficient, considering significant values (p < 0.05). Results: The amount of total body fat in kilograms showed a significant association with microvascular complications (r = 0.99), with a higher prevalence in women. In addition, it is highlighted that the area of visceral fat showed moderate correlations, particularly with nephropathy, indicating an association between abdominal obesity and this complication. Discussion: The results suggest that, although total fat in kilograms is an important risk indicator, the area of visceral fat is crucial to identify certain specific complications, such as nephropathy. This supports the use of bioimpedance to assess body composition in patients with T2D. Conclusion: Body fat, especially that accumulated in the visceral area, is correlated with an increased risk of vascular complications in patients with T2D, highlighting the importance of a detailed assessment of fat distribution for the prevention and treatment of these complications.