Nutrición y Dietética

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    CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL ÁNGULO DE FASE EN PACIENTES DIABÉTICOS
    (2025-06-18) Camacho Barragán Sebastian Alejandro; Arteaga Almeida Cristina Alexandra; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
    Introduction: The characterization of phase angle (PA), measured through bioelectrical impedance, is a key clinical marker in patients with diabetes mellitus, associated with muscle mass, adipose tissue, and visceral fat. It allows for analysis as a direct relational factor concerning tissue and cellular response capacity to chronic pathological factors. Objective: This study aims to apply descriptive statistics segmented by sex and age to obtain intervaltype control points for phase angle in correlation with metabolic complications. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted with Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis, evaluating phase angle in relation to body composition and metabolic complications arising from type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results: A total of 121 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were evaluated through descriptive analysis and variance using the Kolmogorov- Smirnov test, considering the components of phase angle (PA) in arms, legs, and trunk, broken down by sex. The classification of subjects revealed the presence of a group with normal PA values and another with decreased values. The relationship between metabolic complications and PA values was graphically illustrated, showing that the general PA had the highest correlation with these complications, followed by the trunk PA and the left arm PA. Discussion: This study evaluated the relationship between phase angle (PA) and metabolic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The results indicated that there is no significant relationship between gender and PA values, suggesting that complications may develop independently of the patient's sex. A control interval for PA was established between 5 and 7 points; values below 5 were associated with inflammatory syndromes and metabolic complications. The general PA showed the highest correlation with complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, confirming its utility as a predictive marker, in line with previous research that suggests a low PA increases the risk of complications in this population. Conclusions: PA emerges as a key indicator for the identification and management of metabolic complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus, providing opportunities to enhance clinical care in this population.