Maestría en Obras Hidráulicas

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Elaboración de un plan hidráulico de contingencia para heladas en el proyecto de riego colectivo tecnificado Tunga – San Pedro, Acequia Mocha Huachi
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en Obras Hidráulicas., 2025) Quinga Mayorga Christian Javier; Morales Fiallos Rodrigo Fabián
The objective of this study was to develop a hydraulic contingency plan for frost in the Tunga - San Pedro collective irrigation project, Acequia Mocha Huachi. The project is located at coordinates X: 765,500 Y: 9,849,000, has 125.67 ha distributed in 344 lots belonging to 216 families located in 10 irrigation sectors, of this area there are 8.50 ha (6.76%) without water use rights, 9.52 ha with drip irrigation (7.58%) and 107.65 ha (85.66%) with sprinkler irrigation. The proposal was to prepare: Cadastral update, hydraulic distribution diagrams, maps of ice-producing sites, maps of crops susceptible to frost, hydraulic simulation in IRRICAD and a proposal for opening hydrants. The hydraulic diagram defined an oversizing of the main pipeline, where, for the 9 irrigation sectors, a flow of 140.99 l/s can be carried by means of the operation of a 4,200 m3 buffer reservoir, while the operating flow rate is 56.33 l/s (282 sprinklers with a flow rate of 0.2 l/s). In addition, sector 10, which operates through a forebay, has an operating flow rate of 5 l/s (25 sprinklers). It is worth mentioning that, there are 65.75 ha that are susceptible to frost, said surface area is distributed mostly in sectors 2 and 10, in this sense, the ice-making lots are 153 (50.50%). In addition, the most susceptible crops (strawberry, corn, blackberry and potatoes) to frost are present in 26.94 ha (22.99%), moderately susceptible crops (peas, onions, fruit trees, beans and carrots) are found in 19.98 ha (17.05%) and the least susceptible crops (alfalfa, grass and fallow land) with 70.25 ha (59.96%). The hydraulic contingency plan for sectors 1 through 9 is to open 18 lots with a flow rate of 52.20 l/s, with 261 sprinklers operating simultaneously, covering 3.19 ha. For sector 10, the flow rate is 4.60 l/s, with 23 sprinklers operating simultaneously, and a surface area of 0.28 ha. The proposed hydraulic contingency plan is based on seven shifts for sectors 1 through 9 and 17 shifts for sector 10, each with 10-minute openings
Evaluación de riego automatizado por aspersión mediante la utilización de sensores de humedad en el cultivo de alfalfa, proyecto Tunga
(Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Civil. Maestría con mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2025-12-02) Oto Umaginga Washington Freddy; Muyulema Muyulema Danny Germán
The objective of this study was to evaluate automated sprinkler irrigation using moisture sensors in alfalfa crops within the Tunga project. The trial plot is located at coordinates X: 765,616 Y: 9,849,376. The proposal was to conduct soil studies, calibration of moisture sensors, statistical analysis of response variables, a water use efficiency analysis (kg/m3), and an economic analysis. For this study, an alfalfa plot with four replicates (1 m2 quadrants) for two moisture loss percentages (T1: 50% and T2: 75%) and a T3 (control) were used. The response variables were yield (kg/ha) for a total of two intercutting intervals and water consumption (m3) between cuts. The experimental design was a "Completely Randomized Design" (CRD) in 732 m2 experimental units with six pressure-regulated sprinklers for each treatment and an irrigation controller with two moisture sensors, one per treatment. The results of the soil analysis were: sandy loam texture, moisture content at field capacity (F.C.) 12.37%, moisture content at permanent wilting point 7.4% and apparent density 1.52 g / cc. The calculations defined that the Usable Water Layer (UWL) or the initial point for F.C. was 22.66 mm at 30 cm depth, thus, for the moisture losses of T1: 50% and T2: 75% the values were 11.33 and 5.67 mm, respectively and the calibrations of the moisture sensors responded to these values 22.66 mm or 15 centibars, 11.33 mm or 30-35 centibars and 5.67 mm or 60-65 centibars. The results of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA-Turkey 5%) for the yield variable were T1 (2.07 kg/m2), T2 (2.08 kg/m2) and T3 (2.18 kg/m2), which are statistically similar. Water consumption of the control T3 (188.88 m3) was higher than T1 (169.19 m3) and T2 (161.22 m3). Humidity sensors, in addition to irrigation automation, were a strategic ally in saving water. In reference to water use efficiency, T1 was the most efficient with 22.63 Kg/m3, in second place is T2 with 22.55 Kg/m3 and T3 with 20.29 Kg/m3. The most economical treatments were T1 (USD 0.30/month) and T2 (USD 0.30/month), while T3 (USD 0.35/month) was the most expensive, in this sense, it is concluded that the use of water without controlling soil moisture generates waste and economic losses.