Maestría en Obras Hidráulicas
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Item Análisis comparativo de metodologías normativas para la estimación del caudal de diseño en sistemas de alcantarillado sanitario en América Latina(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Maestría Hidráulica Con Mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2026-06-10) Fernández Sánchez Diego Enrique; Arellano Barriga Alfonso Patricio; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Maestría Hidráulica Con Mención en Obras HidráulicasThe normative methodologies employed for estimating the design sanitary flow in Ecuador, Colombia, Chile, Mexico, and Argentina were comparatively analyzed, with the purpose of identifying convergences and divergences that hinder technical comparability between sanitation projects in the region. Methodology: A comparative documentary analysis was developed focusing on the mathematical expressions, hydraulic parameters, and normative coefficients used to determine the average flow, the maximum daily and hourly flow, and the design flow, according to the official technical regulations of the five selected countries. Results: Similarities were identified in the estimation of the average flow, based on the relationship between per capita supply, the served population, and the return coefficient. However, differences were evident in the methods employed, especially in the incorporation of temporal variation factors, maximum coefficients, infiltration, and nondomestic contributions. Conclusions: The identified differences reflect varying levels of regulatory complexity and hydraulic safety margins adopted in each country. These findings highlight the need to strengthen technical coherence in sanitary design at the regional level. Likewise, they constitute a relevant input for projects funded by multilateral development organizations that require comparable technical frameworks.Item Análisis comparativo entre metodologías clásicas y el software Climatol para la estimación de series pluviométricas en la cuenca del río Paute.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en Obras Hidráulicas., 2025-11-26) López Cáceres, Carlos David; Castro Solórzano, Fidel AlbertoThis thesis presents a comparative analysis between classical estimation methods and a computational software package named as CLIMATOL for filling missing rainfall data, with a focus on the Paute River basin. The study evaluates four conventional techniques commonly used in hydrology—Arithmetic Mean, Interpolation, Linear Regression, and Normal Ratio—comparing their performance against that of a software used to determine the precipitation CLIMATOL. The core methodology involved applying each technique to datasets with simulated missing values and comparing the resulting estimations using statistical metrics such as Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and the Coefficient of Determination (R²). The results demonstrate that CLIMATOL outperform classical methods in terms of accuracy and adaptability, particularly in scenarios characterized by complex patterns of climatic variability. Nevertheless, the study concludes that, although CLIMATOL show significant advantages, their application requires careful consideration of the climatic and geographical characteristics of the study area. Factors such as seasonality, relative altitude, and the spatial distribution of meteorological stations directly influence the quality of the estimations. Therefore, it is recommended to use CLIMATOL as a complement to classical methods, integrating expert knowledge of the local hydrological context.Item Análisis de la implementación de SUDS para el control del agua pluvial y mejora del paisajismo urbano del parque y la plaza de Quisapincha, cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en Obras Hidráulicas., 2025-12-03) Cerezo Pachucho, Joyce Elizabeth; Guevara Robalino, Jorge JavierThis research analyzes the feasibility of implementing components of a Sustainable Urban Drainage System (SUDS) in the park and plaza of the Quisapincha parish to control surface runoff and improve the landscaping of these areas. This was achieved through the modeling of prototypes using the SWMM 5.2 software, which reflects the flow behavior throughout the system based on the area's precipitation. Data collection was carried out using a mixed-methods approach, emphasizing research through academic digital sources, field observations, consultations with INAMHI to obtain hydrometeorological information, topographic surveys, and tests. The data was then analyzed using open-source software to obtain valid and comparable data. The results highlight the importance of implementing a SUDS in areas prone to rainwater stagnation, as this solution allows for the filtration, retention, storage, and infiltration of precipitation. This research presents an alternative for stormwater management without neglecting ecological value, even allowing for water reuse. Furthermore, it establishes a foundation for future research on implementing other components of a Sustainable Urban Drainage System (SUDS), depending on the area's location and climatic conditions. It highlights the importance of implementing sustainable measures to reduce natural disasters caused by rapid urbanization.Item Análisis de la valoración económica de las tarifas de agua potable de la Junta de Rubén Terán de la ciudad de Latacunga, Provincia de Cotopaxi, Ecuador.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en Obras Hidráulicas., 2025) Alpusig Jacho Luis Gonzalo; Castro Solorzano Fidel AlbertoThis study addressed the economic valuation of drinking water tariffs in the Junta de Agua Potable de Rubén Terán, located in the city of Latacunga, province of Cotopaxi, Ecuador. The main purpose was to develop a fair, equitable and sustainable tariff plan, based on a detailed analysis of the real costs of production, treatment and distribution of water resources. The project arose from the need to update a tariff scheme that historically has not reflected real operating costs, which has compromised the financial sustainability of the system. The research was developed under a mixed approach, combining quantitative, qualitative and descriptive methods. Through field measurements, situational analysis, user surveys and documentary review, key information was gathered on the current state of the infrastructure, citizen perception, the level of losses in the network and the existing cost structure. The average inflow to the water treatment plant was established at 18.58 liters per second, using the floating object method. This data was essential for projecting demand and sizing the proposed tariff system. From the financial point of view, one of the main findings was the calculation of the Net Present Value (NPV), which reached a positive value of US$339.894,07 over a 10-year evaluation horizon, starting from an initial investment of US$64.879,50. This result indicates considerable profitability and evidences the economic viability of the project. The positive NPV demonstrates that, by applying a tariff scheme adjusted to xx real costs, not only is the recovery of the investment guaranteed, but also a significant surplus that can be used for system improvements and maintenance. The cost analysis considered three categories: administrative costs, operating and maintenance costs, and investment costs. The most significant costs were identified as being related to infrastructure maintenance and network losses, attributable in part to the lack of micro-metering, clandestine connections and an aging infrastructure. There was also evidence of a billing and collection gap that directly affects the Board's operational capacity. Based on these findings, a tariff plan was designed with a block approach by user category (residential and non-residential), following the guidelines of the Water Regulation and Control Agency (ARCA). For the residential category, four consumption blocks were established: basic (0-10 m³), medium (11-30 m³), high (31- 40 m³) and excessive (over 40 m³); and for the non-residential category, three blocks: basic (0-30 m³), medium (31-50 m³) and high (over 50 m³). This scheme makes it possible to assign progressive tariffs, encouraging responsible consumption and discouraging excessive use of the resource. Among the main conclusions of the study is that the current tariff structure does not cover the real costs of the service, which puts its sustainability at risk. The lack of micro-metering prevents equitable charging and contributes to the waste of the resource. It was concluded that the implementation of a new tariff scheme, based on actual consumption and technical costs, is essential to ensure the financial and operational viability of the system. In addition, it was recommended that internal governance be strengthened, citizen participation channels be improved, and education on efficient water use be reinforced. In summary, the study provided the technical and financial tools necessary for a tariff restructuring based on criteria of equity, sustainability and efficiency, to ensure access to drinking water as a human right and a vital resource for community developmentItem Análisis del estado de calidad del agua utilizando el índice NSF y propuesta de tratamiento de agua para la microcuenca Nagsiche en Salcedo, Cotopaxi(Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Civil. Maestría con mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2025-12-15) Salazar Corrales Cristian Paul; Bayas Altamirano Myriam MarisolIn this study, the water quality of the Nagsiche River basin, located in the province of Cotopaxi, was assessed using the NSF-WQI (Water Quality Index) method. The objective of this research was to determine the water quality of the Nagsiche River basin by applying the Water Quality Index proposed by the National Sanitation Foundation (NSF-WQI). Methods: The present study consisted of: (1) identifying the Yanahurco, Cusubamba, and Panzaleo sectors as sampling points; (2) collecting and analyzing samples according to the parameters established by the NSF-WQI; (3) calculating the water quality indices in the three sectors — Yanahurco (66.71), Cusubamba (60.97), and Panzaleo (57.65); and (4) classifying the water quality of the Nagsiche River basin as “Regular” quality, along with a proposed treatment strategy. Results: The study demonstrated: (a) differing climatic, topographic, social, and economic conditions, as well as varying uses of water resources; (b) high levels of organic pollution, based on biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅) values of 14 mg/L in the upper basin, 102.3 mg/L in the middle basin, and 175.2 mg/L in the lower basin; and (c) water quality in the Nagsiche River micro-basin classified as “Regular” according to the NSF-WQI methodology, with a corresponding treatment proposal. Discussion and Conclusions: The comprehensive evaluation of water quality in the Nagsiche River basin, applying the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSF-WQI), allowed an objective determination of the environmental status of the water resource across its upper, middle, and lower sections. The results highlighted significant variations related to the degree of anthropogenic intervention, showing a clear trend of progressive deterioration in water quality toward the lower zones of the basin.Item Análisis del impacto de infraestructura verde: modelos hidrológicos y soluciones arquitectónicas sostenibles(Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Civil. Maestría con mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2025-12-15) Guano Merino Jorge Israel; Morales Fiallos Fabian RodrigoIncreasing urbanization and the degradation of water resources in urban environments pose significant environmental, social, and public health challenges. This research aimed to evaluate the impact of green infrastructure on water quality and water resource management in urban areas, integrating hydrological models and sustainable architectural solutions. The study was conducted in the Baños de Agua Santa canton, located in the province of Tungurahua, Ecuador, using a mixed-methods approach that combined quantitative analysis of physicochemical water parameters and hydrological modeling with qualitative techniques such as interviews, surveys, and focus groups. The results showed a significant improvement in water quality in areas where green infrastructure was implemented, with notable reductions in nitrate, phosphate, turbidity, suspended solids, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) levels. Additionally, the SWMM and HEC-HMS models indicated a decrease in surface runoff and an increase in water infiltration in the intervened urban soils. From a social perspective, a high level of community acceptance was observed, highlighting the perceived aesthetic, functional, and environmental benefits, along with a strong willingness to participate in the maintenance of these solutions. In conclusion, green infrastructure proved to be an effective tool for improving urban water management, reducing water pollution, and strengthening the environmental and social sustainability of the territory. It is recommended that green infrastructure be structurally integrated into public policies, land use planning, and climate change adaptation strategies, particularly in ecologically vulnerable contexts such as Baños de Agua Santa.Item Análisis hidráulico del régimen de flujo y procesos de socavación en un tramo representativo del Río Napo, Provincia de Napo, mediante modelación numérica(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Maestría Hidráulica Con Mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2026-06-10) López Carrillo Giovanna Patricia; Castro Solórzano Fidel Alberto; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Maestría Hidráulica Con Mención en Obras HidráulicasThis study analyzes the hydraulic regime and potential scour processes in a representative reach of the Napo River, located in Puerto Napo, Napo Province, Ecuador. The research integrates high-resolution bathymetric and topographic surveys, probabilistic hydrological analysis, hydraulic modeling using HEC-RAS, sedimentological characterization, and multitemporal fluviomorphological assessment. The analyzed reach covers an approximate length of 250 m, referenced between KP 57+290 and KP 57+540. Estimated design discharges were 2614.70 m³/s for a 2-year return period and 5593.30 m³/s for a 25-year return period. Hydraulic modeling showed mean flow velocities of 4.05 m/s and 5.52 m/s, with maximum flood levels of 429.74 m a.s.l. and 431.24 m a.s.l., respectively. Scour estimation for the 2-year return period scenario resulted in depths of 1.04 m using HEC-RAS and 3.02 m using the Lischtvan-Lebediev method, highlighting the sensitivity of scour prediction to the selected method. The multitemporal fluviomorphological analysis identified dominant erosion on the left bank, with an approximate area of 41,625 m², and sediment deposition on the right bank of approximately 33,605 m². The results indicate that the studied reach is characterized by active fluvial dynamics and high-energy hydraulic conditions, emphasizing the importance of numerical modeling for assessing scour processes, morphological evolution, and protection measures in Amazonian rivers.Item Análisis hidrológico e hidráulico para la identificación de zonas de inundaciones en el área urbana del cantón Ambato e integrar estrategias de mitigación(Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Civil. Maestría con mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2025-12-02) Mestanza Orellana Jessica Beatriz; Castro Solorzano Fidel AlbertoThe purpose of this study was to identify flood-prone areas in the urban zone of Ambato, Ecuador, and to propose mitigation methods that could be implemented to reduce associated hazards. A quantitative methodology was employed, combining the HEC-HMS hydrological model, calibrated with Provincial Government of Tungurahua data (2013–2024), and the HECRAS 2D hydraulic model to simulate an extreme event with a 50-year return period, using an 11-year weighted series of hydrometeorological data. The research relied exclusively on secondary data and did not involve human participants. The results identified a flood-prone area of 72.77 hectares, 55.6% of which was classified with “Very High” or “High” hazard levels. Additionally, an exposed population of 13,098 inhabitants and a peak flow of 33.00 m3/s were observed; spatial analysis further revealed critical road segments and infrastructure at elevated risk. The study demonstrates that the combined use of properly calibrated hydraulic and hydrological models is effective for accurately identifying flood-prone areas, and that hybrid strategies integrating gray and green infrastructure represent the most feasible and robust approach to reducing overall risk in Ambato’s urban environment.Item Análisis hidrológico e hidráulico para la identificación de zonas de inundaciones en el área urbana del cantón Ambato e integrar estrategias de mitigación(Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Civil. Maestría con mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2025-12-15) Mestanza Orellana Jessica Beatriz; Castro Solorzano Fidel AlbertoThe purpose of this study was to identify flood-prone areas in the urban zone of Ambato, Ecuador, and to propose mitigation methods that could be implemented to reduce associated hazards. A quantitative methodology was employed, combining the HEC-HMS hydrological model, calibrated with Provincial Government of Tungurahua data (2013–2024), and the HECRAS 2D hydraulic model to simulate an extreme event with a 50-year return period, using an 11-year weighted series of hydrometeorological data. The research relied exclusively on secondary data and did not involve human participants. The results identified a flood-prone area of 72.77 hectares, 55.6% of which was classified with “Very High” or “High” hazard levels. Additionally, an exposed population of 13,098 inhabitants and a peak flow of 33.00 m3/s were observed; spatial analysis further revealed critical road segments and infrastructure at elevated risk. The study demonstrates that the combined use of properly calibrated hydraulic and hydrological models is effective for accurately identifying flood-prone areas, and that hybrid strategies integrating gray and green infrastructure represent the most feasible and robust approach to reducing overall risk in Ambato’s urban environment.Item Determinación de zonas urbanas de riesgo a inundaciones empleando modelos hidrológicos e hidráulicos en la quebrada Miraflores, cantón Guano, provincia de Chimborazo”.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en obras Hidráulicas, 2025) Gallardo Donoso. Lidia Jhoanna; Castro Solorzano Fidel AlbertoThe present research addresses the identification of urban areas at risk of flooding in the Miraflores stream, Guano canton, Chimborazo province, using hydrological and hydraulic models. This region has experienced extreme rainfall events, such as the disaster on December 11, 2021, highlighting the need for preventive measures to mitigate future risks. The study follows a mixed approach, with a predominance of quantitative methods, and employs tools such as HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS to model flood scenarios. xviii Additionally, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and specialized software are integrated for geomorphological analysis and basin delineation. Meteorological data were collected from nearby stations (San Juan, Urbina, ESPOCH, and Guaslán), supplemented by data from the Guano station and satellite sources like NASA POWER. These data were processed and statistically validated using tests such as Kolmogórov-Smirnov. Subsequently, design flows for return periods of up to 50 years were estimated, and two-dimensional hydraulic simulations were performed. The results reveal that the basin's topography and deforestation in high areas exacerbate runoff, increasing flood risks in lower areas. The risk maps produced identify critical areas susceptible to flooding, and mitigation strategies are proposed, including reforestation and infrastructure improvement. This research significantly contributes to the analysis of flood risks in Guano, providing technical tools for water resource planning and management. Moreover, it establishes a robust methodological basis for future studies in similar basins, emphasizing the importance of integrating modern technologies and advanced modeling to reduce the impact of natural disasters.Item Diagnóstico y Formulación de un Plan Integral de Operación y Mantenimiento Preventivo de los Sistemas de Drenaje Pluvial en la Red Vial Intercantonal de la Provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2026-08-13) Sailema Díaz David Santiago; Arellano Barriga Alfonso Patricio; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en Obras HidráulicasThis work presents a technical diagnosis and a comprehensive operation and preventive maintenance plan aimed at preserving the hydraulic and structural functionality of stormwater drainage systems located in seven prioritized intercantonal road sections of the province of Cotopaxi. The research focused on the Salcedo–Latacunga, Latacunga–Pujilí, Saquisilí–Poaló, Poaló–Pujilí, Saquisilí– Guaytacama, Saquisilí–Tanicuchí, and Guaytacama–Toacaso road sections, covering a total of 40.48 km. Since the information was obtained directly in the field without altering the actual conditions of the inspected elements, the research was conducted with a quantitative, applied, and non-experimental design. Photographic records, direct observation, spreadsheets for data processing, criticality matrices, and technical evaluation forms were used for this purpose. This facilitated the organization, comparison, and analysis of the operational status of culverts, ditches, and other elements related to road drainage. The results identify the most frequent deficiencies as sediment accumulation, partial or total blockages, crack formation, vegetation growth, and loss of hydraulic capacity. These conditions are related, in several cases, to the effects of water flow or its presence on the road surface, ultimately affecting both drainage function and road preservation. Based on this information, operating and maintenance percentages were established according to the type of element evaluated, in order to identify critical points and prioritize preventive and corrective actions in a more organized manner. As a result, a technical guide is presented, containing procedures, objectives, intervention frequencies, required personnel, resources, materials, equipment, units of measurement, and verification criteria. This tool aims to support institutional planning and the management of public assets, reducing premature deterioration of road infrastructure and promoting more sustainable maintenance. Furthermore, it offers practical guidance for making technical decisions, organizing periodic work schedules, and monitoring conditions that could compromise local road safety.Item Diseño de un sistema de riego, para implementarse en el Parque Ecológico Cachipamba, ubicado en el sector La Matriz del cantón Saquisilí, Provincia de Cotopaxi, bajo un sistema SUDS.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en Obras Hidráulicas., 2025) Pérez Moreno Diego Fernando; Bayas Altamirano Myriam MarisolLinked to municipal water sources, the Cachipamba Ecological Park suffers from lack of water management due to climate change. The objective of this study is to propose a drip irrigation system integrated with Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) to optimally use water, reduce the amount of runoff and improve resilience to climate change with a certain case study model for an urban green space in a semi-arid area. Methods: The approach used in this thesis was mixed, including: (1) analysis of available hydrological series (1976-2017) to determine maximum rainfall and return periods; (2) hydraulic modeling of the irrigation system with a flow rate of 45.89 m3/h (90% efficiency); (3) design of a SUDS that had capacity for extreme events (180 mm/h) and; (4) social assessment, conducted through workshops with local community members and by interviewing community experts. Results: The system demonstrated: (a) 36.03% potable water savings with rainwater harvesting; (b) effective storm management for a 100-year return period; (c) irrigation coverage of 16.67 mm every three days. The SUDS infrastructure proved to be able to infiltrate 40% of the runoff and improve water quality (85% solids removal). Discussion and conclusions: The results confirm the success of integrated systems for sustainable water management in urban areas. Although continuous monitoring is necessary to observe and maintain biological parameters, the design outperforms conventional alternatives in terms of climate adaptability and efficiency. Future research will need to study the long-term impacts on biodiversity, as well as its replicability in other urban contexts.Item Diseño del Plan Tarifario para la Junta Administradora de Agua Potable de Chibuleo San Francisco, parroquia Juan Benigno Vela del cantón Ambato, basado en el análisis hidráulico técnico y económico del sistema de abastecimiento de agua potable(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Maestría Hidráulica Con Mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2026-08-18) Muyulema Muyulema Danny Germán; Castro Solórzano Fidel Alberto; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Maestría Hidráulica Con Mención en Obras HidráulicasThis research was conducted at the Drinking Water Management Board of Chibuleo San Francisco, located in the Juan Benigno Vela parish, Ambato canton. It arose from the need for a technically supported tariff scheme to guarantee the economic, operational, and technical sustainability of the water supply system. The general objective was to design a tariff plan based on the hydraulic, technical, and economic analysis of the system. The methodology combined field, descriptive, and analytical research through the collection of operational data, user surveys, consumption pattern analysis, infrastructure evaluation, water balance, determination of water losses, and the structuring of administrative, operational, and investment costs. The results showed an average water allowance of 83.02 L/hab/day, a maximum hourly variation coefficient of 1.96, and a daily variation coefficient of 1.31, identifying critical demand periods that condition network operations. Furthermore, a high service coverage was determined, with 95% of users receiving a permanent supply, and the need to strengthen loss control mechanisms and optimize the management of non-revenue water was identified. The economic analysis established the real costs of service provision and incorporated criteria of efficiency, solidarity, and cost recovery. The proposed tariff structure, organized by categories and consumption blocks, demonstrated financial viability, ensuring the coverage of administration, operation, maintenance, and investment costs. It was concluded that integrating the hydraulic diagnosis with the economic evaluation constitutes an effective tool to improve community drinking water management, promote the efficient use of the resource, and ensure system sustainability, while also serving as a replicable methodology for other rural supply systems.Item Diseño y análisis de estrategias de drenaje sostenible integrando SUDS y alcantarillado tradicional en el cerro Casigana para minimizar inundaciones en la Av. Manuela Sáenz(Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Civil. Maestría con mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2025-12-05) Amaya Díaz Ana María; Castro Solórzano Fidel AlbertoThis thesis designs and assesses Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) integrated with the conventional sewer along Cerro Casigana–Av. Manuela Sáenz (Ambato, Ecuador) to reduce urban flooding. Using hydrologic analysis (Rational Method), thematic mapping, and NDVI-based indirect infiltration diagnostics, the study finds prevailing bare soil (55.82%) and sparse vegetation (28.07%), which increase runoff towards lower areas. A scenario comparison shows that SUDS + sewer (French drain, hydrodynamic separator, functional revegetation) reduces sewer inflow by ~30% (from 1.56 to 1.09 m³/s at I=60.50 mm/h), thus mitigating overflow risks and O&M loads. The integrated approach proves feasible and scalable for similar urban settings in Ambato; a phased implementation and performance monitoring are recommended.Item Efecto de los sedimentos sobre las características hidnáulicas del canal de riego Ambato-Huachi-Pelileo(Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Civil. Maestría con mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2025-12-05) Freire Lara Jorge David; Arellano Barriga Alfonso PatricioThis study quantified the effect of sedimentation on the hydraulic cha¡acteristics of the Ambato-Huachi-Pelileo irrigation canal through geometric and hydraulic analysis at six sampling points. Topographic surveys were conducted using aLeica TS02 total station and Trimble R8s differential GPS, determining the effective flow area, mean velocity by float method, Manning's coefficient, and water depth for each section. Results were validated through one-dimensional modeling in HEC-RAS 6.3.1. Sedimentation progressively reduced the effective flow area by 40% (from 1.25 rñ to 0.75 m2), increased the roughness coefficient by 43.8% (from 0.016 to 0.023), and deueased flowvelocity by 26.7% (from 0.90 m/s to 0.66 m/s). A second-degree polynomial relationship was established between Manning's coefficient and mean velocity (R' : 0.9598), confirming that increased roughness leads to proportional velocity decrease. Additionally, a linear relationship was identified between effective area reduction and water depth elevation (R3 : 0.9988). These models constitute predictive tools for Andean inigation canal management, enabling anticipation of hydraulic capacity losses and preventive maintenance planning based on quantitative indicators measurable through low-cost methods replicable by community operators.Item Efecto de los sedimentos sobre las características hidnáulicas del canal de riego Ambato-Huachi-Pelileo.(Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Civil. Maestría con mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2025-12-11) Freire Lara Jorge David; Arellano Barriga Alfonso PatricioThis study quantified the effect of sedimentation on the hydraulic cha¡acteristics of the Ambato-Huachi-Pelileo irrigation canal through geometric and hydraulic analysis at six sampling points. Topographic surveys were conducted using aLeica TS02 total station and Trimble R8s differential GPS, determining the effective flow area, mean velocity by float method, Manning's coefficient, and water depth for each section. Results were validated through one-dimensional modeling in HEC-RAS 6.3.1. Sedimentation progressively reduced the effective flow area by 40% (from 1.25 rñ to 0.75 m2), increased the roughness coefficient by 43.8% (from 0.016 to 0.023), and deueased flowvelocity by 26.7% (from 0.90 m/s to 0.66 m/s). A second-degree polynomial relationship was established between Manning's coefficient and mean velocity (R' : 0.9598), confirming that increased roughness leads to proportional velocity decrease. Additionally, a linear relationship was identified between effective area reduction and water depth elevation (R3 : 0.9988). These models constitute predictive tools for Andean inigation canal management, enabling anticipation of hydraulic capacity losses and preventive maintenance planning based on quantitative indicators measurable through low-cost methods replicable by community operators.Item Elaboración de un plan hidráulico de contingencia para heladas en el proyecto de riego colectivo tecnificado Tunga – San Pedro, Acequia Mocha Huachi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en Obras Hidráulicas., 2025) Quinga Mayorga Christian Javier; Morales Fiallos Rodrigo FabiánThe objective of this study was to develop a hydraulic contingency plan for frost in the Tunga - San Pedro collective irrigation project, Acequia Mocha Huachi. The project is located at coordinates X: 765,500 Y: 9,849,000, has 125.67 ha distributed in 344 lots belonging to 216 families located in 10 irrigation sectors, of this area there are 8.50 ha (6.76%) without water use rights, 9.52 ha with drip irrigation (7.58%) and 107.65 ha (85.66%) with sprinkler irrigation. The proposal was to prepare: Cadastral update, hydraulic distribution diagrams, maps of ice-producing sites, maps of crops susceptible to frost, hydraulic simulation in IRRICAD and a proposal for opening hydrants. The hydraulic diagram defined an oversizing of the main pipeline, where, for the 9 irrigation sectors, a flow of 140.99 l/s can be carried by means of the operation of a 4,200 m3 buffer reservoir, while the operating flow rate is 56.33 l/s (282 sprinklers with a flow rate of 0.2 l/s). In addition, sector 10, which operates through a forebay, has an operating flow rate of 5 l/s (25 sprinklers). It is worth mentioning that, there are 65.75 ha that are susceptible to frost, said surface area is distributed mostly in sectors 2 and 10, in this sense, the ice-making lots are 153 (50.50%). In addition, the most susceptible crops (strawberry, corn, blackberry and potatoes) to frost are present in 26.94 ha (22.99%), moderately susceptible crops (peas, onions, fruit trees, beans and carrots) are found in 19.98 ha (17.05%) and the least susceptible crops (alfalfa, grass and fallow land) with 70.25 ha (59.96%). The hydraulic contingency plan for sectors 1 through 9 is to open 18 lots with a flow rate of 52.20 l/s, with 261 sprinklers operating simultaneously, covering 3.19 ha. For sector 10, the flow rate is 4.60 l/s, with 23 sprinklers operating simultaneously, and a surface area of 0.28 ha. The proposed hydraulic contingency plan is based on seven shifts for sectors 1 through 9 and 17 shifts for sector 10, each with 10-minute openingsItem Elaboración del plan de operación y mantenimiento de los drenajes de las vías intercantonales de mayor flujo de la provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en Obras Hidráulicas., 2025) Sánchez Ana Gabriela; Arellano Barriga Alfonso PatricioThe present research proposes a comprehensive operation and maintenance plan for the drainage systems of the high-traffic inter-cantonal roads such us Ambato– Píllaro, Píllaro–Patate, Cevallos–Mocha, Cevallos–Pelileo, Pelileo–Patate, and Ambato–Cevallos in Tungurahua province. This plan includes activities, descriptions, objectives and scope, procedures, frequencies, labor requirements, materials, equipment, tools, units of measurement, verification and approval processes, as well as payment methods for each identified damage. Thus, this manual is designed to serve as a technical support tool for public and private entities, contractors, and inspectors involved in road management. Through the implementation of the operation and maintenance plan, the aim is to enhance the efficient management of public resources and promote the resilience of road infrastructure. As part of this research, the diagnostic phase is critical, involving field inspections of the high-traffic inter-cantonal roads Ambato–Píllaro, Píllaro–Patate, Cevallos– Mocha, Cevallos–Pelileo, Pelileo–Patate, and Ambato–Cevallos in Tungurahua province. Additionally, a technical datasheet is used for each road to assess the condition of existing drainage structures (ditches, culverts, grates, concrete boxes, ramps, among others). This datasheet includes variables such as drainage type, drainage condition, pavement surface condition, presence of obstructions, debris, sediments, stones, scour, siltation, and other relevant factors. The results will highlight the condition of the road drainage systems and the recurring issues due to inadequate maintenance and operation. Furthermore, the percentages of operation and maintenance required for each road are detailed, along with the frequent problems identified in the drainage systems, including siltation, obstruction by vegetation, cracks or fractures, structural deterioration, sediment accumulation, debris, clogged ditches, silted culverts, vehicle ramps blocked by sediment, concrete boxes filled with debris and sediment, and undersized drainage systems in vehicle ramps.Item Evaluación de dos Métodos de Sectorización y Turnos de Riego en el Sector Santa Lucía, del Cantón Tisaleo.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en Obras Hidráulicas., 2025-11-26) Aroca Farfán, David Israel; Bayas Altamirano, Myriam MarisolA comparative evaluation of two sectorization methods and turn of irrigation in the Santa Lucía sector, Tisaleo canton. The evaluated methods were block sectorization and modular sectorization, each with its advantages and disadvantages. Modular sectorization proved to be favorable in terms of flexibility and organization of irrigation scheduling, allowing for a more adaptable and staggered use of water resources. This approach facilitates a more homogeneous distribution of irrigation over time, optimizing system operation and reducing the risk of overloading the distribution network. Conversely, block sectorization enables the use of the total available flow in a single shift, as it involves a smaller number of plots irrigating simultaneously. This method can be advantageous in contexts where it is necessary to maximize the instantaneous use of water resources, or where the existing infrastructure is designed to operate at full capacity during specific intervals. The selection of the most appropriate sectorization method will depend on numerous factors specific to the operational and geographical context of the irrigation system. Key determining criteria include implementation and maintenance costs, the existing hydraulic infrastructure, the level of automation and available technology, as well as the agronomic and climatic characteristics of the area.Item Evaluación de los procesos actuales y propuesta alternativa mediante el uso de microorganismos para el tratamiento de las aguas residuales producidas por el Hospital General Docente Ambato(Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Civil. Maestría con mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2025-11-26) Jácome Villacrés Jorge Santiago; Bayas Altamirano Myriam MarisolThis research project is conducted at the Ambato General Teaching Hospital, the largest and most complex healthcare facility in the central region of Ecuador. The study focuses on evaluating the current hospital wastewater treatment system, which exhibits significant deficiencies in meeting the permissible limits established by the prevailing environmental regulations (TULSMA Book VI, Annex 1, 2015). The wastewater generated by the hospital originates from various critical sources such as boilers, hemodialysis units, laundry services, isolation wards, and laboratories, resulting in a mixture of highly hazardous chemical and biological contaminants. Despite having a treatment plant with a capacity of 300 m³/day, laboratory analyses reveal that the treated effluents fail to comply with regulatory parameters, posing an environmental risk to the Ambato River and its ecosystems. To address this issue, a biological treatment alternative is proposed through the inoculation of a bacterial consortium composed of Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter Vinelandii, and Pseudomonas fluorescens. These bacteria have demonstrated high efficiency in removing contaminants such as BOD₅, COD, sulfides, and surfactants. The treatment process includes bacterial maturation, forced aeration, optimized clarification, and disinfection using chlorine dioxide. The results show a significant improvement in the quality of the treated water, meeting most of the discharge limits for both sewer systems and freshwater bodies. It is concluded that the proposed solution is technically and operationally feasible, and its permanent implementation is recommended, along with improvements in sedimentation and disinfection infrastructure, training of operational personnel, and continuous monitoring of critical parameters. This study provides a sustainable and replicable solution for hospital wastewater treatment, with potential applicability in other healthcare facilities across the country.