Maestría en Obras Hidráulicas

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    Evaluación de riego automatizado por aspersión mediante la utilización de sensores de humedad en el cultivo de alfalfa, proyecto Tunga
    (Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Civil. Maestría con mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2025-12-02) Oto Umaginga Washington Freddy; Muyulema Muyulema Danny Germán
    The objective of this study was to evaluate automated sprinkler irrigation using moisture sensors in alfalfa crops within the Tunga project. The trial plot is located at coordinates X: 765,616 Y: 9,849,376. The proposal was to conduct soil studies, calibration of moisture sensors, statistical analysis of response variables, a water use efficiency analysis (kg/m3), and an economic analysis. For this study, an alfalfa plot with four replicates (1 m2 quadrants) for two moisture loss percentages (T1: 50% and T2: 75%) and a T3 (control) were used. The response variables were yield (kg/ha) for a total of two intercutting intervals and water consumption (m3) between cuts. The experimental design was a "Completely Randomized Design" (CRD) in 732 m2 experimental units with six pressure-regulated sprinklers for each treatment and an irrigation controller with two moisture sensors, one per treatment. The results of the soil analysis were: sandy loam texture, moisture content at field capacity (F.C.) 12.37%, moisture content at permanent wilting point 7.4% and apparent density 1.52 g / cc. The calculations defined that the Usable Water Layer (UWL) or the initial point for F.C. was 22.66 mm at 30 cm depth, thus, for the moisture losses of T1: 50% and T2: 75% the values were 11.33 and 5.67 mm, respectively and the calibrations of the moisture sensors responded to these values 22.66 mm or 15 centibars, 11.33 mm or 30-35 centibars and 5.67 mm or 60-65 centibars. The results of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA-Turkey 5%) for the yield variable were T1 (2.07 kg/m2), T2 (2.08 kg/m2) and T3 (2.18 kg/m2), which are statistically similar. Water consumption of the control T3 (188.88 m3) was higher than T1 (169.19 m3) and T2 (161.22 m3). Humidity sensors, in addition to irrigation automation, were a strategic ally in saving water. In reference to water use efficiency, T1 was the most efficient with 22.63 Kg/m3, in second place is T2 with 22.55 Kg/m3 and T3 with 20.29 Kg/m3. The most economical treatments were T1 (USD 0.30/month) and T2 (USD 0.30/month), while T3 (USD 0.35/month) was the most expensive, in this sense, it is concluded that the use of water without controlling soil moisture generates waste and economic losses.