Maestría en Obras Hidráulicas

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    Evaluación de los procesos actuales y propuesta alternativa mediante el uso de microorganismos para el tratamiento de las aguas residuales producidas por el Hospital General Docente Ambato
    (Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Civil. Maestría con mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2025-11-26) Jácome Villacrés Jorge Santiago; Bayas Altamirano Myriam Marisol
    This research project is conducted at the Ambato General Teaching Hospital, the largest and most complex healthcare facility in the central region of Ecuador. The study focuses on evaluating the current hospital wastewater treatment system, which exhibits significant deficiencies in meeting the permissible limits established by the prevailing environmental regulations (TULSMA Book VI, Annex 1, 2015). The wastewater generated by the hospital originates from various critical sources such as boilers, hemodialysis units, laundry services, isolation wards, and laboratories, resulting in a mixture of highly hazardous chemical and biological contaminants. Despite having a treatment plant with a capacity of 300 m³/day, laboratory analyses reveal that the treated effluents fail to comply with regulatory parameters, posing an environmental risk to the Ambato River and its ecosystems. To address this issue, a biological treatment alternative is proposed through the inoculation of a bacterial consortium composed of Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter Vinelandii, and Pseudomonas fluorescens. These bacteria have demonstrated high efficiency in removing contaminants such as BOD₅, COD, sulfides, and surfactants. The treatment process includes bacterial maturation, forced aeration, optimized clarification, and disinfection using chlorine dioxide. The results show a significant improvement in the quality of the treated water, meeting most of the discharge limits for both sewer systems and freshwater bodies. It is concluded that the proposed solution is technically and operationally feasible, and its permanent implementation is recommended, along with improvements in sedimentation and disinfection infrastructure, training of operational personnel, and continuous monitoring of critical parameters. This study provides a sustainable and replicable solution for hospital wastewater treatment, with potential applicability in other healthcare facilities across the country.