Tesis Ingeniería Agronómica
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Item Análisis de costos de producción en tres variedades del cultivo de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) En la asociación Agropapa de la provincia de Tungurahua(2023-09) Lagua Chimborazo, María Fernanda; Guerrero Cando, David AníbalIn this research, the elements that make up the costs in the production of potato crop in three varieties: superchola, fripapa and unique, in the Association of Agricultural Producers of the potato crop CONPAPA Tungurahua "AGROPAPA" were analyzed. To estimate the production costs per hectare of crop and per sack of potato, a field investigation was carried out through the collection of direct information by means of interviews with the producers of the association and bibliographic research was used to establish the cost structure. The results obtained from the interviews were analyzed and interpreted, and finally the production costs were constructed for the different stages of potato cultivation. The results show that the Fripapa variety obtained an average production cost of $ 2470.29 per hectare and the cost per bag $ 12.25; in the Única variety $ 2327.9 per hectare and the cost per bag $ 11.92. For the Superchola variety, the cost of production per hectare is $ 2703.6 and the cost per sack is $ 14.16. The results obtained vary because each potato producer has different means of production, applies different production technology and is located in different ecological zones. The cost-benefit ratio (CBR) for the Fripapa variety is 1.18, 1.26 for the Única variety and 1.58 for the Superchola variety. The CBR depends on the market reference price, since this is not fixed but depends on the behavior of the markets based on supply and demand.Item Evaluación del producto avail en la absorción del fósforo en la producción de papa (Solanum Tuberosum), en el cantón Latacunga, parroquia Mulaló(2023-03) Pérez López, Kleber Sebastián; Pérez Salinas, Marco OswaldoIn Ecuador, the production of potato (Solanum tuberosum) is very important because it is an essential product in the daily diet of the inhabitants, especially in the interAndean region, this crop represents a very important source of income for the rural area and is also considered a fundamental pillar in the national economy, so it is important to carry out research to increase the yield of the crop. Phosphorus is the most important element in the mineral nutrition of the potato crop and the one that most limits yield. For this reason, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the product AVAIL on phosphorus absorption in potato crops. Different fertilization levels (180, 240 and 300 Kg/Ha) were used with and without AVAIL and with two different phosphorus sources, P2O5 and Mesz. Different parameters were evaluated (plant height, number of tubers per plant, percentage of first, second and third tubers, yield per plant and yield per hectare). The treatments that obtained the best results were F1 N3 P2 (T6) and F2 N3 P2 (T12) in all the variables evaluated, in which 300 kg of fertilizer + Avail were applied; thus, obtaining a class A rank. While treatments F1 N1 P1 (T1) and F2 N1 P1 (T7) presented lower yields in most of the variables evaluated, in which 180 kg of fertilizer without Avail was applied; obtaining class E, F and G ranges.Item Evaluación de dos productos desinfectantes para la producción de forraje verde hidropónico de avena (Avena sativa L.) en el sector San Pedro del cantón Cevallos(2022-09) Mariño Fiallos, Christian Fabricio; León Gordón, Olguer AlfredoHydroponic green fodder (HGF) is a plant biomass production technology that is obtained from the initial growth of plants in the germination and early growth stages of seedlings from viable seeds. In the present study, the effect of two seed disinfectants on the yield of hydroponic green forage of oats (Avena sativa L.) was evaluated in the San Pedro sector of Municipality of Cevallos. For this purpose, three concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (0.5, 1 and 2 mL/L) and quaternary ammonium (1, 2.5 and 5 mL/L) were tested for seed disinfection. In each treatment, 2 kg of oat seeds were used, which were sown in germinating trays. The trial was conducted in a randomized complete block design with a 2 x 3 +1 factorial arrangement, with the first factor represented by the type of disinfectant (sodium hypochlorite or quaternary ammonium) and the second factor represented by the dose of disinfectant. Higher germination percentage was reached in seeds treated with sodium hypochlorite, where it varied from 74 to 83%, similar to the germination percentage observed in untreated seeds (control treatment), while seeds treated with quaternary ammonium, germination ranged from 2 to 44%. Likewise, higher forage production was obtained in plants from seeds treated with sodium hypochlorite, regardless of the concentration used, which did not show differences with untreated plants, while in plants obtained from seeds disinfected with ammonia quaternary forage production tended to decrease with increasing concentration. Additionally, quaternary ammonium caused an increase in the number of days needed to reach the maximum dry matter accumulation. It is concluded that sodium hypochlorite turned out to be more effective for the disinfection of oat seeds, for which it is recommended to produce hydroponic forageItem Diagnóstico del manejo de la producción del tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum) en cantón Pelileo(2022-09) Llundo Telenchana, Margarita Abigail; Valle Velástegui, Edgar LucianoThe present research project was carried out in the Valle Hermoso sector that belongs to the Pelileo canton of the province of Tungurahua, said sector is made up of the following Yataqui, Artesón, Inapi and Gamboa hamlets that have altitudes that range between 2. 600 meters above sea level to 2. 800. The objective of this research was to diagnose the management of the tree tomato (solanum betaceum) production in the Pelileo canton. To fulfill the mentioned purpose, surveys were started which consisted of 33 questions and were applied in said canton. In the aforementioned villages, the participating population was made up of 42% female and 58% male. The results obtained from the investigation were the identification of general information on tree tomato cultivation in the aforementioned hamlets, where 91% producers obtain their seedlings on their own, 84% do not use grafted plants and 71% .2% occupies the common yellow truth. Regarding the agricultural information of the crop, 96% have not carried out a soil analysis, the age of the crop 58% is three years old and they plant at a distance of 1x1m, 59% plant at a hole depth 25cm, 94% do not apply organic pesticides, the water shift is once a week and 49% have a time of 2h. In relation to agricultural production, 41% carry out the harvest every fourteen days and 67% use the sack to place the fruit. And the causes that affect the production and commercialization of the tree tomato are; presence of pests and diseases, lack of knowledge of crop management and high production costs, and with respect to marketing problems are the power that intermediaries have, the lack of alternatives to the wholesale market and scarce producer organization.Item Evaluación de avena (Arrenatherium elatius) de corte e hidropónica sobre los índices productivos en la alimentación de cuyes (Cavia porcellus)(2022-03) Vaca Altamirano, Cristhian Ivan; Núñez Torres, Oscar PatricioThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of cutting and hydroponic oats (Arrenatherium elatius) on the productive indices in the feeding of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). A DBCA (completely randomized block design) was used, where 5 treatments were carried out with 4 repetitions and 5 animals per repetition for which it was necessary to acquire a total of 100 guinea pigs of one month, 50 males and 50 females. performed an analysis of variance (ADEVA) and significant Turkey tests at 5%. The treatments were distributed as follows: T1 (100% cut and 0% FVH), T2 (75% cut and 25% FVH), T3 (50% cut and 50% FVH), (75% cut oats and 25% FVH), T5 (25% cut and 25% FVH), T5 (100% FVH and 0% cut). The study variables were feed consumption, final weight and weight gain, mortality, carcass yield, feed conversion. The T1 and T2 showed significant differences each one with a mean of 332.41g and 329.69 g placing them in rank A of food consumption. In the evaluation of the productive indices, the best feed conversion was the T3 treatment, yielding an average of 0.86 ICA, likewise the T3 obtained an average of 662.23 g in the weight gain which was located in the range A, unlike of T4 and T1 with 588.05 and 575.15 g respectively had an AB rank. Regarding carcass performance, they did not show significant differences and mortality in the same way. Finally, in the economic analysis, Q5 reached a better benefit / cost ratio for each dollar invested, obtaining a recovery of 0.83 cents; concluding in this way that the use of FVH improves the performance of the productive parameters and a decrease in the total costs in raising guinea pigs.Item Producción y calidad nutritiva de avena (Arrenatherium elatius) de corte e hidropónica bajo el efecto de dosis de siembra y tiempo de cosecha(2022-03) Tubon Chicaiza, Andrea Aracelly; Núñez Torres, Oscar PatricioThe production of forages in a conventional way today has had a series of limitation saffecting the livestock area of small, medium and large producers, that is why in the present study it is the "Production and nutritional quality of oats (Arrenatherium elatius) of cutting and hydroponics under the effect of sowing dose and harvest time ”in which a 3x3x3 experimental design was used, where 3 treatments were carried outwith 3 repetitions with 3 sowing doses and harvest times in oats (Arrenatherium elatius). An analysis of variance (ADEVA) and the comparison of Turkey means at 5% were jointly carried out using the Infostat Statistical Software. The distribution ofthe treatments was as follows: T1 Cut oats (Control) with sowing dose (0.150, 0.200 and 0.250Kg / m2) and harvest time (45.60 and 75 days), T2 Greenhydropic forage with solution nutrient with sowing doses (1.5, 3.0 and 4.5Kg / m2) and harvest time (8, 12, 16 days) and T3 Hydroponic green forage without solution with sowingdoses (1.5, 3.0 and 4.5Kg / m2) and the harvest time (8, 12, 16 days). Where the study variables were the germination percentage, plant height, seed weight (biomass) and the final weight of hydroponic forage and cutting (yield). The conditions in which theT1 is developedfavored its morphological development, its yield was high in relationto the height, so the cutting time and the sowing quantity benefited it, in the same way,it showed greater advantagein the weight of the forage. The most prominent treatmentwas D1C3 (0.15 kg / m2 - 75 days)where the development time favored the amount of matter. While in hydroponic production with and without solution, there were no significant differences in the height of the plant, butin relation to weight, T2 showed a greater advantage to weight compared to T3, A others withrespect to the nutritionalvalue of oats ( Arrenathetium elatius) the most prominent values in protein, fat, and fiber in general is hydroponic oats, there are no significant differences between T2 andT3, however the variable fat percentage can be seen as an advantage in T2 with C1 (time of harvest 8 days). Finally, Q2 presented a better benefit / cost ratio for every dollar invested, 0.44 cents has been recovered. Thus, concluding that the production of hydroponic green forage under the effect of sowing doses and harvest times influenced the productive indices.Item Evaluación de tres productos alternativos para control de oídio (Oídium sp.) en el cultivo de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth) en la parroquia de Huachi Grande(2022-03) Villacis Zamora, Adriana Soraya; Villacis, Luis AlfredoThe test was carried out in the building of Mr. Celio Pérez, located in the Huachi Grande Parish, in the Nueva Vida neighborhood, Ambato Canton, Tungurahua Province, at an altitude of 2,997 meters above sea level, with the following geographic coordinates: 01 ° 6'31 ´ South latitude and 78°32´11´ West longitude, with the aim of controlling powdery mildew (Oidium sp.) in blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) cultivation through the application of three alternative products. A Randomized Complete Block Design (DBCA) was obtained, with a hierarchical analysis of 3x2 factors, with three repetitions and an absolute control. Tukey's significance tests were performed at 5%. The variables studied were weight, fruit color, percentage of incidence and severity. The products used were Ozone (P1), Oidium Guard (P2) and MR 15 (P3). The product MR 15 (P3) at a dose of 2,5 cc/l (D2), obtained the best results due to the decrease in incidence and severity, presenting the following values of incidence of 9% and severity of 10,33%. The control presented an increase because he did not undergo any treatment. From the economic analysis carried out, it is concluded that the P2D1 treatment (Oidio Guard product, 0,25 cc/l), presented the highest net benefit of $10,9 dollars, being the most profitable treatment, from the economic point of view for the producer.Item Diagnóstico de la situación actual del cultivo de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth) en la parroquia Huambaló del cantón Pelileo provincia del Tungurahua(2021-09) Aldaz Meneces, José Miguel; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánThis research focused on the diagnosis of the current situation of the blackberry crop (Rubus glaucus Benth) in the parish Huambaló, to carry out this work surveys were applied to farmers in order to collect the necessary information for research, the questions they were asked were related to their crops. Through the survey it was possible to know that the management by the farmers is mostly acceptable, being very responsible in terms of maintenance; but unfortunately the problems that the farmers had were external and in many occasions they were out of their hands. Among these problems we can mention the following: the poor distribution of irrigation water, the lack of support from the state, the lack of control of fruit prices by the authorities, the absence of a collection center for the fruit that would allow the farmers to have some extra options to sell their product, among others. As we could observe the problems suffered by the blackberry farmers are more linked to the neglect of the relevant authorities; in the same way it is also recommended some alternatives to try to fix these problems such as: the construction of a collection center, that the distribution of irrigation water is done by the provincial council or other state agency, training and delivery of agricultural inputs by the authorities, control in the prices of the buckets. Likewise, through this research it was possible to know some data on the cultivation of blackberry that unfortunately was not previously available, among these we can mention that the parish Huambaló has 192937.5 m2 (19.29 hectares) of cultivated area, while the production yield per hectare of the parish reaches 0.74 tons per hectare per week. The production of blackberry in the parish has been growing over the years, therefore, from our point of view, the authorities should provide better support to farmers in order to improve management and therefore increase the amount of blackberry produced.Item Evaluación de un biofertilizante a base de rhizobium en la producción del cultivo de arveja (Pisum sativum L.) variedad temprana perfecta(2021-09) Coque Calvache, Ana Mishell; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánThe pea crop is one of the main grains grown in Ecuador, and is the third most important legume crop in terms of production and area planted. The present research sought to improve the yield of the pea crop (Pisum sativum L. ) variety Temprana Perfecta, for this purpose, a biofertilizer based on Rhizobium was developed and its effectiveness was evaluated through treatments with different doses (25cc/L, 50cc/L and 100cc/L) and frequencies (8 and 15 days), the trial was conducted in open field, but not clearly in situ, This is to say that the crop was established in potting bags with commercial substrate, because when working with a fertilizer whose main composition is a bacterium, a soil in which the presence of other microorganisms had not been found was needed, thus avoiding any alteration in the rhizosphere of the crop. After the application of the biofertilizer on the crop, data were collected in three different phenological stages of the plant, vegetative development (45 days), flowering (60 days) and green production (95 days), these stages are according to the variety (Temprana Perfecta), since this is early, i.e. its production is before the usual time. The treatment with which the best results were found was variant, both in the phenological stages and in the morphoagronomic characteristics of the crop, but the one with which an excellent yield was obtained was D3F1 (100cc/L, 8 days), with a green production of 7920.40 kg/ha. This was a sufficiently favorable result in the research.Item Evaluación de diferentes sustratos comerciales sobre la viabilidad de semillas de cebolla (Allium cepa L.)(2021-04) Montúfar Villacís, Klever Arturo; Vásquez Freytez, Carlos LuisOnion (Allium cepa L.) is among the most consumed vegetables worldwide and popular for its extensive health benefits, however, some factors such as lack of investments to improve cultivation and irrigation methods have caused discouragement in production. Therefore, among the strategies to be evaluated are studies on seed production that allow improving crop’s production and productivity. In this study, the effect of different commercial substrates (Terracult, Pindstrup Plus and Floragard) on the viability of Burguesa variety onion seeds was evaluated and then compared with a conventional substrate used as control treatment. In each substrate, the percentage and speed of germination were evaluated for 5 days, in addition root length, bulb diameter, fresh and dry weight of bulb were evaluated at 15 and 30 days after emergence. According to the results, both the germination percentage and the germination speed were affected by the type of substrate, being superior to the control treatment in all types of substrates. Additionally, root length and bulb diameter (pseudostem) and fresh and dry weight of seedling were significantly higher in seedlings obtained from commercial substrates. All substrates shown to have a positive effect on the production of onion seedlings, however, field studies are required to validate the results obtained in the present investigation.