Tesis Ingeniería Agronómica
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Item Evaluación de la producción del cultivo de lechuga de hoja (Lactuca sativa), y el desarrollo de la Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) en el Sistema de Acuaponía.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato Ingenieria de Agronomíca, 2026-07) Sánchez Chuquitarco, María Fernanda; León Gordón, Olguer AlfredoAquaponics is a sustainable production system that combines fish and vegetable production in water, with low costs and high profitability rates. It is an activity that includes organic waste from food that was not ingested by fish, feces and urine of aquatic beings that with bacterial action are transformed into nitrates, benefiting plant development. This research was carried out with the objective of evaluating the production of leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and the development of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the aquaponics system. For the development of the research, a completely randomized experimental design with 3 treatments and 3 replications was used. The population density of tilapia was the factor under study, which was 10, 15 and 20 tilapia/m3. In this study, the development of lettuce cultivation in an aquaponics system using tilapia as a fish species was evaluated. It was determined that treatment T3 (20 fish) yielded the best results in terms of weight, height of the lettuce plant, and yield. The results of the experiment indicate that growing plants with tilapia is feasible because it allows for the utilization of nitrogenous waste, as well as the cultivation of lettuce, which is of commercial interest. The aquaponic cultivation system makes available space more efficient and generates similar or higher yields than traditional cultivation. We can indicate that no statistical differences were observed in the parameters studied when raising tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in aquaponics. This is probably due to the fact that fish development is determined by factors such as temperature and feed, which were similar in all treatments.Item Evaluación de cuatro tipos de abonos orgánicos en el rendimiento del cultivo de maíz (Zea mays) variedad tusilla(2023-09) Mendieta Andy, Verónica Jackeline; Velástegui Espín, Giovanny PatricioOne of the most important crops in the Amazon is corn, in this case the Tusilla variety was used because it is the one that most farmers work with in the Nueva Aurora location of the Shushufindi canton. The research work was carried out with the purpose of evaluating four organic fertilizers on corn yield using four replications, four treatments plus a control, the statistical method was a completely randomized experimental design. With the results it was obtained that the application of organic fertilizers in the corn crop (Zea mays) tusilla variety improves the yield level having in T1 a yield of 6411.25 kg/ha in relation to the yield of the control treatment which was 5170.25 kg/ha, that is, there is a significant difference statistically speaking with a coefficient of variation of 8, 14%, in the variable days to flowering the coefficient of variation was 1.6% being at 50 days after planting, 4.75% the coefficient of variation in the variable number of ear per plant, 3.14% and 5.15% respectively for ear size and number of grains per ear. While the variables height, number of cob, size of the cob, number of grains did not show significant differences, there was a significant difference in the yield variable, which was the main objective to know if the organic fertilizers affect the development and growth of corn. The cost-benefit relationship is related to the benefits that associations make by working with this variety of corn in the Shushufindi canton.Item Efecto de Agrozoil en el control de Mildiú Velloso (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) en el cultivo de zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) variedad “Modena(2023-03) Aponte Ocaña, Myrian Graciela; Valle Velastegui, Edgar LucianoThe objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of ozonized oil in the control of downy mildew in the zucchini crop (Cucurbita pepo L.) variety "Modena", in the San Jose hamlet belonging to the Constantino Fernandez parish, Ambato canton of the province of Tungurahua, in open field. A split-plot experimental design was used, being the main plot the three doses of Agrozoil (3cc/L; 5cc/L; 7cc/L) and the sub-plots the frequencies (7 days, 14 days and 21 days) of application, structured in randomized blocks, with three replications. The applications were carried out during two months at 35 days after sowing the crop. The variables evaluated were the percentage of severity and incidence of Pseudoperonospora cubensis on leaves and fruit (number, size, diameter, weight and yield). The results, according to the statistical analysis at the end of data collection (60 days after the first application), showed that the best treatments were D2F2 (5cc/L; 14 days) with values of 55.43% in the incidence control and 25.71% in the severity control (30 days after the first application). Regarding the fruit variables studied, the treatments that obtained the best results were D2F2 (5cc/L; 14 days) with a number of fruits of 2.67, a diameter of 7.67 cm, caliber of 30.40cm, weight of 2041.75g with an average yield per kilogram of fruit per plant and expressed in Kg/Ha with a value of 25206. 74Kg/Ha, which shows that the D2F2 treatment (5cc/L. 14 days) obtained the best results; 14 days) obtained the best results, demonstrating that ozonized oil is effective in controlling Pseudoperonospora cubensis, preventing the plant from reducing its yield.Item Adaptabilidad de nueve cultivares de coliflor (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis L.) En el cantón Pujilí, provincia de Cotopaxi(2022-11) Nachimba Sánchez, Verónica Michelle; Veloz Naranjo, Walter OswaldoCauliflower is a crop that has acquired great economic importance at a national and international level due to the demand it has obtained in the market as it is considered an essential food for consumers who choose to consume foods that improve the health of the consumer, it has a large amount of nutrients such as vitamins A, K, B, magnesium, potassium and phosphorus. In the present study, the adaptability of 9 cauliflower cultivars was evaluated in the Molino Pata neighborhood, Pujilí canton, Cotopaxi province, this area is located at 3.077 meters above sea level, with sandy loam soil and a dry temperate climate optimal for growing vegetables. The catch percentage was established where the Skywalker cultivar obtained a high catch range while the Denova cultivar obtained a low catch range, the height of the plant was measured at 30 days where the Skywalker cultivar obtained a high range in terms of height with a mean of 20.33 cm, while the Bodilis cultivar obtained a high rank in terms of height at harvest with a mean of 62.33 cm. For the equatorial diameter, the EMCF 933 cultivar obtained a high rank with an average of 19.67 compared to the other cultivars, for the pellet weight variable, the Skywalker cultivar obtained a high rank with an average of 1582.33 grams. It was possible to define that the cultivar with the best response to the variables to be cultivated in the area was the Skywalker cultivar with a yield of 45.20 Tn/ha, being suitable for commercialization and greater profitability for farmers, while the Summer White cultivar It would be a good marketing option for the international market due to its weight and because it is an early crop.Item Evaluación de la aplicación foliar de potasio y su incidencia en el rendimiento del cultivo de fresa (Fragaria x ananassa)(2022-09) Tapia Carrera, Stalin Fabricio; Gutiérrez Albán, Alberto CristóbalStrawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) crop has experienced a significant expansion worldwide due to both the value of production and the nutritional value, however, production levels in Ecuador are relatively low in relation to the world average. Although literature on the importance of macronutrients such as potassium in this crop is still scarce, it is known that the strawberry requires to be provided with quantities enough to satisfy the photosynthetic demand and an adequate growth of the fruits. In this sense, in the present study the effect of potassium fertilization applied via foliar on the number, size and quality of strawberry fruits was evaluated. For this, three doses (5, 10 and 15 g/l) of two foliar fertilizers (Engrosan K3000 and Agromax K50) were evaluated and compared with the conventional fertilization used in strawberry. A greater number of fruits was obtained in plants treated with Agromax K50 at a dose of 10 g/l, with which were obtained 6.74 and 18.44% higher than with the doses of 5 and 15 g/l of the same product, while with respect to the Engrosan K-300 product, it was 23.38, 13.34 and 14.99% higher than the doses of 5, 10 and 15 g/l, respectively. Similarly, estimated yield was significantly higher with Agromax K50 at a dose of 10 g/l compared to the rest of the treatments. The firmness of the fruit was affected by both the type of product and the dose applied, being significantly higher in fruits obtained from plants treated with Agromax K50 at the different doses, with values from 2.83 to 3.02 kg/cm2 in fruits from categories 2 and 3. Finally, the Brix degrees were not affected by the fertilizer type and the applied dose, so they generally ranged from 9.2 to 12.2 °Bx. Based on the results, the use of Agromax K50 in the fertilization of strawberry plants is recommended in order to obtain better quality of the harvest and higher yield.Item Evaluación de las propiedades bioestimulantes de dos productos alternativos en tres variedades de fresa (Fragaria x ananassa) en la parroquia Montalvo, provincia de Tungurahua(2022-08) Sánchez Ortiz, Nayeli Estefanía; Pérez Salinas, Marco OswaldoThe strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) is a fruit highly appreciated worldwide due to its qualities and nutritional benefits as it is rich in vitamins, contains antioxidants, minerals and a high percentage of fiber. One of the main problems faced by strawberry producers in Ecuador is the limited yield, which forces them to increase the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, thus increasing production costs and causing damage to the environment. Therefore, this research aims to find new strategies such as the use of alternative products that improve crop yields and reduce production costs without neglecting aspects such as environmental care and human health. For this purpose, the effect of the biostimulants ozonated oil and Immune guard on the strawberry varieties Albión, Monterrey and Cabrillo was evaluated. A completely randomized block design was used in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement, the factors being the strawberry varieties and the application products. Different parameters were evaluated, including yield, where the treatments that reached the highest percentages were T2 (Albión variety and Immune guard biostimulant) and T4 (Monterrey variety and Immune guard biostimulant); agronomic parameters of the three strawberry varieties were also evaluated and it was observed that Cabrillo was the earliestvariety and was also the variety that reached the greatest plant height; with respect to fruit size, the Albión variety had a greater polar diameter and Monterrey a greater equatorial diameter. With regard to the appearance of pests and diseases, Cabrillo was found to be more susceptible, and a financial analysis was made applying the benefit/cost ratio, and it was found that the treatments that represented the greatest profitability were T2 and T4, that is, the Albión and Monterrey varieties, respectively, with the applications of the Immune guard biostimulant.Item Evaluación de tres colores de acolchado plástico para la producción de fresa (Fragaria x Ananassa), variedad Albión, en la parroquia Montalvo, provincia de Tungurahua(2022-08) Acosta Villacis, Tatiana Macarena; Pérez Salinas, Marco OswaldoThe strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) is very important for its high level of demand and production in different parts of the world, the fruit considered delight for magnificence, also has high levels of vitamins and minerals, so it is necessary to carry out research on new strategies that allow to increase the yield of the crop. Plastic padding stands out as one of the components that has the most influence on strawberry production, this thanks to the fact that it contributes to various benefits in cultivation. In this sense, in the present research the agronomic behavior of the strawberry crop with three colors of plastic padding was evaluated. In this way, different colors were used (black, white and silver) and compared with each other, different parameters were evaluated (plant height, weed population, fruit size, crop yield, soil temperature and attack of pests and diseases). In the plant height, a significant effect was observed from 90 and 120 days, demonstrating that black plastic mulch is the most recommended. For weed population there were significant differences throughout the evaluation period, with black plastic mulch demonstrating the best effect compared to white and silver. As for the size of the fruit, the polar and equatorial diameter was measured and in these two no significant differences were observed. In terms of performance, no significant effect was observed between treatments, but there were numerical differences, showing that the black color had a greater advantage with 5699 kg /ha compared to the white and silver plastic padding with 4793 kg/ha and 5002 kg/ha respectively. Both at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days the temperature varied and it was evident that black plastic always presented the highest temperature values in relation to white and silver plastics. The pests and diseases that were observed in the research were Spodoptera frugiperda, Oidium fragariae and Botrytis cinérea.Item Evaluación del rendimiento del chocho (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) para la obtención de una bebida vegetal, empleando diferentes proporciones de chocho y agua(2022-03) Grandes Cepeda, Victoria Estefania; Ibarra López, Bertha ElizabethThe present work is related to the research line "Food security and sovereignty", the purpose of the degree work isto determine the yield of the chocho bean (Lupinus mutabilis sweet) when making a vegetable drink as a supplement to cow's milk, taking into account that the amount of chocho protein is 42.72% to 47.73%. The study determined that INIAP 451 had a yield of 221% and the 450 variety had a yield of 200%. The beverage was analyzed for pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, viscosity and density. To perform the rest of the analyses: fat, protein, total minerals, it was necessary to subject it to an atomization process using the Mini Büchi B-290 Spray Dryer, in which maltodrexin was used at a concentration of 5%, thus obtaining a powdered vegetable beverage. The relationship between the nutritional value of the drink and cow's milk showed us that the vegetable drink provides a large amount of fiber, zero cholesterol and zero triglycerides, while cow's milk contains 98% triglycerides and 3.0% to 4.0% cholesterol. The drink is formulated with Sucralose crystal (sweetener), coconut flavor “Cocos nucifera” and potassium sorbate (C6H7O2K) to prevent the drink from acidifying; its acceptance is 80%, since its flavor, consistency and nutritional properties are exceptional for a balanced nutrition. The residual cake of the beverage can be used to elaborate different recipes, such as: cookies, cakes or sauces.Item Evaluación de la aplicación foliar de mf kabor en tres frecuencias y dos dosis en el rendimiento de un cultivar de papa (Solanum tuberosum) en el cantón Mocha(2021-09) López Yumiguano, Alberto Damián; Zurita Vazquez, José HernánThe research was carried out in the property of Agronomist Rogeres Palacios, located in the Mocha canton, in a 10 m X 10 m plot, at an altitude of 3,400 meters above sea level, in the coordinates 1°23'54" South and 78°39'41 "West, in the potato crop (Solanumtuberosum) Unique Variety of 90 days old, with the purpose of evaluating the foliar fertilizer MF KABOR, in two doses, three frequencies and the cost-benefit ratio. With a statistical design of completely randomized blocks, with factorial arrangement 3 X 2 + 1 with three replications and Tukey test at 5%. The doses of MF KABOR were 500 and 1000 grams, which were applied at three frequencies corresponding to: 90-110; 90- 120; 90-130 days after planting. Subsequently, applications were made to the treatments based on the doses and frequencies. The yield was a balance the average weight of the tubers per treatment and multiplying for the plants per hectare, expressed in T/Ha. For the size of the tuber, the diameter of 10 tubers was averaged per treatment with a caliper, expressed in diameter centimeters. The best yield was the treatment F3D2 with 67.79 tons per hectare of first quality potato, likewise, the best tuber diameter was the treatment F3 and F2 with 10.46 and 10.01 centimeters in diameter respectively. The cost-benefit ratio determined for the F3D2 treatment that, for every dollar invested, 4,41 dollars are obtained, so the project is viable and 326 bags/Ha must be produced to maintain the equilibrium point.Item Evaluación de un biofertilizante a base de rhizobium en la producción del cultivo de arveja (Pisum sativum L.) variedad temprana perfecta(2021-09) Coque Calvache, Ana Mishell; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánThe pea crop is one of the main grains grown in Ecuador, and is the third most important legume crop in terms of production and area planted. The present research sought to improve the yield of the pea crop (Pisum sativum L. ) variety Temprana Perfecta, for this purpose, a biofertilizer based on Rhizobium was developed and its effectiveness was evaluated through treatments with different doses (25cc/L, 50cc/L and 100cc/L) and frequencies (8 and 15 days), the trial was conducted in open field, but not clearly in situ, This is to say that the crop was established in potting bags with commercial substrate, because when working with a fertilizer whose main composition is a bacterium, a soil in which the presence of other microorganisms had not been found was needed, thus avoiding any alteration in the rhizosphere of the crop. After the application of the biofertilizer on the crop, data were collected in three different phenological stages of the plant, vegetative development (45 days), flowering (60 days) and green production (95 days), these stages are according to the variety (Temprana Perfecta), since this is early, i.e. its production is before the usual time. The treatment with which the best results were found was variant, both in the phenological stages and in the morphoagronomic characteristics of the crop, but the one with which an excellent yield was obtained was D3F1 (100cc/L, 8 days), with a green production of 7920.40 kg/ha. This was a sufficiently favorable result in the research.