Tesis Ingeniería Agronómica
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Item Evaluación de complejos enzimáticos orgánicos en la producción de cultivo de ajo (Allium sativum) bajo cubierta(2025-02) Gómez Arce Johana Paola; Pérez Salinas Marco OswaldoThe present research was carried out in the province of Tungurahua, specifically in the Querochaca canton at the Technical University of Ambato “UTA”, where the objective was to evaluate the effect of the application of organic enzyme complexes on the production of garlic (Allium sativum) below deck. In order to achieve the stated objective, a randomized experimental design was used that included three doses with two frequencies and three repetitions. The garlic sowing had a development time of two months from its cultivation in rows. Management methods were used. organic and control plants were included. With the application of the 5% Tukey test, it was observed, with respect to the treatments, that Frequency 2 is every 15 days with Dose 3 being 5 ml. L-1 (F2D3), had a basal diameter of 7.81cm and in height it was Frequency 1 in every 30 days with Dose 1 being 2.5 ml. L-1 (F1D1) showing a growth of 73.11 which had better performance, pointing out that in the crop under cover it did not present pests or diseases throughout the crop cycle.Item Evaluación de diferentes tipos de sustratos en la germinación de semillas de lechuga crespa (Lactuca sacriola var.Sativa L)(2024-08) Gamboa Mancheno, Wagner Angelo; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueOn a global scale, lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is one of the most popular vegetables in the daily diet, due to its wide-ranging health benefits. However, factors such as the lack of investment to improve cultivation methods have discouraged production. Therefore, among the strategies to be evaluated are studies on seed production that allow improving crop production and productivity. In the present study, the effect of different substrates (worm humus, chicken manure and rice husk) on the germination of semigreen curly lettuce seeds was evaluated. These were compared with a control treatment (soil). In each treatment, the percentage and speed of germination were evaluated for 6 days. In addition, the length of the roots, fresh weight, dry weight and dry matter were evaluated at 15 and 25 days after the emergence of the seedlings. According to the results obtained, both the germination percentage and the root length were affected by the type of substrate, being higher than the control in all types of substrates. Additionally, the root length and dry matter of lettuce seedlings were significantly higher in seedlings obtained from the three types of substrates. In addition, an economic analysis of each of the treatments was carried out, in which the total income, net benefit per treatment and the benefit-cost ratio were calculated, where T2 obtained the lowest costs with $13.82 and reached the highest benefit-cost ratio of 0.44. Based on the results obtained, field studies are required to validate this researchItem Evaluación de diferentes tipos de sustratos en la germinación de semillas de lechuga crespa (Lactuca sacriola var.Sativa L)(2024-08) Gamboa Mancheno, Wagner Angelo; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueOn a global scale, lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is one of the most popular vegetables in the daily diet, due to its wide-ranging health benefits. However, factors such as the lack of investment to improve cultivation methods have discouraged production. Therefore, among the strategies to be evaluated are studies on seed production that allow improving crop production and productivity. In the present study, the effect of different substrates (worm humus, chicken manure and rice husk) on the germination of semigreen curly lettuce seeds was evaluated. These were compared with a control treatment (soil). In each treatment, the percentage and speed of germination were evaluated for 6 days. In addition, the length of the roots, fresh weight, dry weight and dry matter were evaluated at 20 and 25 days after the emergence of the seedlings. According to the results obtained, both the germination percentage and the root length were affected by the type of substrate, being higher than the control in all types of substrates. Additionally, the root length and dry matter of lettuce seedlings were significantly higher in seedlings obtained from the three types of substrates. In addition, an economic analysis of each of the treatments was carried out, in which the total income, net benefit per treatment and the benefit-cost ratio were calculated, where T2 obtained the lowest costs with $13.82 and reached the highest benefit-cost ratio of 0.30. Based on the results obtained, field studies are required to validate this researchItem Evaluación de microorganismos para el control de hernia de las crucíferas (Plasmodiophora brassicae) en el cultivo de brócoli Brassica olerácea Var. Avenger).(2024-02) Lascano Zabala, Yesenia Nicole; Curay Quispe, Segundo EuclidesIn this study, the effectiveness of the application of microorganisms was evaluated using the Sauber product for the control of cruciferous hernia in broccoli cultivation (Brassica oleracea Var. Avenger), the study factors were dose and frequency of application. The experimental design used was the completely randomized block design (DBCA), with three treatments for three repetitions plus a control. The variables evaluated were plant height, seed weight, root volume, yield, and incidence. Analysis of variance (ADEVA) and Tukey's significance test at 5% were performed for each variable. The treatments were DI1F1, DI1F2, D1F3, D2F1, D2F2, D2F3, D3F1, D3F2, D3F3 and Control, D1, D2 and D3, doses of 2.5, 5 and 7.5 cc respectively and F1, F2 and F3, frequencies of eight, fifteen, and thirty days respectively. At the end of the analysis, 1t was determined that the best dose and frequency of application is the D3F] treatment, in which the dose of 7.5 cc/L was applied in drench with a frequency of every eight days, 1t 1s the best treatment due to Because in all the variables evaluated 1t presented better results compared to the other treatments in the study, this 1s because the greater the amount of microorganism, the better the control and having a good amount of organic matter in the soil helps the action of these microorganism 1s effective. Keywords: Broccoli, drench, Plasmodiophora brassicae, Sauber, microorganisms, applicationsItem Evaluación de Bioles en la producción de brócoli (Brassica oleracea) var. italica(2024-02) Sailema Sailema, Danilo Roberto; Villacis Aldas, Luis AlfredoBroccoli, scientifically known as (Brassica oleracea) var. italic, it is a cruciferous vegetable of great economic and nutritional importance. Its cultivation is extensive and consumed in much of the world, not only for its flavor, but also for its high content of nutrients, including vitamins, minerals and antioxidant compounds. However, the Broccoli production often faces several challenges, from soil degradation to pests and diseases (Cruz-Tobar et al., 2018). Bioles, due to their high content of nutrients and organic matter, have been used in agriculture as a means of improving soil fertility and plant nutrition. They are products of the anaerobic fermentation of organic waste, including remains of crops, food waste, manure and other materials. It has been shown that biols can provide a number of benefits for soil health, such as improving the soil structure, moisture retention and nutrient availability.Item Evaluación de yodo agrícola y ácido salícico como biofortificantes en el desarrollo vetegativo de plantas de fresa (Fragaria ananassa)(2023-02) Velasco Laguaquiza, Mereya Pamela; Zurita Vaquez, José HernánIn Ecuador, strawberry production is very extensive, since Pichincha has 400 cultivated hectares, in Tungurahua they cultivate 240 hectares and finally in the provinces of Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, Imbabura and Azuay the production exceeds 40 hectares, likewise this fruit has many benefits Since it has great nutritional value, such as Vitamin C, it also fights anemia and is very beneficial for growing children. For this reason, it is very important that plants grow healthy and resistant to any type of disease stress, increasing their nutritional value through biofortifiers. Well, this is how the idea of this study arose, evaluating the vegetative state of the strawberry (Fragaria ananassa), applying agricultural iodine (YONEX) and salicylic acid (BRAX-T), in three doses: 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 cc/L. We worked in a net experimental area of 260 m² and the experimental design of complete randomized blocks was carried out in a 3x2+1 factorial arrangement with three repetitions, where 21 treatments were analyzed, in each treatment there were 60 plants. The variables under study were the number of leaves per plant, petiole diameter, petiole length, plant crown diameter, days to flowering, number of flowers per cluster and chlorophyll quantification, treatment data. they were taken 15 days after the last application, then they were analyzed in Infostat, through the Tukey tests, where concrete results were obtained, such as the most suitable product and the most suitable dose, where P1 ( YONEX) according to the statistical analysis was the best product in a dose of 2.0 cc/L (D3) and finally in the total chlorophyll variable, none of the two products YONEX (agricultural iodine)and BRAX-T (salicylic acid) had an influence, since we did not find significant differences.Item Evaluación de un efluente líquido obtenido mediante biodigestores con diferentes tiempos de retención hidráulica (TRH)(2020-03-19) Palacios Ocaña, Alvaro Xavier; Muñoz, ManoloThe research work entitled “EVALUATION OF A LIQUID EFFLUENT OBTAINED BY BIODIGESTORS WITH DIFFERENT HYDRAULIC RETENTION TIMES (HRT)” was carried out in order to determine the nutritional, microbiological, pH and EC content of the biofertilizer obtained from digesters with different times of retention and the best time that influences the quality of the biofertilizer (liquid effluent) based on hydraulic retention. The study will be carried out at a specific site owned by Mr. Nasareno Palacios Sánchez, from the Chocalo El Mirador, corresponding to the Rumipamba parish, located in the Quero, Tungurahua Province at a distance of 29 km south of Ambato with an altitude of 3420 m.s.n.m., whose geographical coordinates are: 01º 26´ 35.50´´ of South latitude and 78º 37´ 43.48´´ of West longitude. The completely randomized block design was applied, in addition to the 5% Tukey significance tests, the TRH 4 treatment (Liquid effluent output from the anaerobic biodigester at 120 days) recorded significant results, the following results were obtained: for the pH variable of the biofertilizer with an average of 7.63, electrical conductivity of the biofertilizer with an average of 4.01 ms/cm, amount of nitrogen of the biofertilizer with an average of 59.66 ppm, amount of phosphorus of the biofertilizer with an average of 4.38 %, amount of biofertilizer potassium, with an average of 0.76 % and in the microbiological analysis the treatment TRH 2 (Output of the liquid effluent from the anaerobic biodigester at 90 days) record higher E count. coli, with an average of 2,50𝑥103 UFC/ml. The TRH 4 treatment (Outflow of liquid effluent from the anaerobic biodigester at 120 days) recorded a lower E. coli count, with a mean of 2,50𝑥103 UFC/ml.Item Evaluación in vitro de tres extractos vegetales para el control de Phytophthora infestans y Puccinia pittieriana en papa (Solanum tuberosum)(2020-03-19) Manobanda Pilamunga, Geovanna Lisseth; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánThe research was carried out in the Soil Laboratories of Public Service and Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology belonging to the Technical University of Ambato, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, located in the Cevallos canton, Tungurahua province, at a distance 20 km south Ambato, with an altitude of 2850 meters above sea level, with the purpose of evaluating in vitro the effect of three plant extracts of ashpa quinoa (Chenopodium album), black cabuya (Agave americana) and white cabuya (Furcraea andean) for the control of Phytophthora infestans and Potato Puccinia pittieriana (Solanum tuberosum) in doses of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 4% (p / v). For the evaluation a completely randomized design (DCA) was applied, where thirty treatments and two commercial controls were included for each disease, with four repetitions, the PROBIT analysis was performed and the 5% Tukey significance tests were performed, where the following results were obtained: for the fungal growth variable in the culture medium, the most effective extract was 1% ashpa quinoa in the P. infestans control, presenting a lower mycelial growth of 2.73 cm, while the control commercial (metalaxyl) reports a 2.45 cm mycelial growth and for the control of P. pittieriana the 4% black cabochon extract showing a 1.30 cm mycelial growth, and the commercial control (75% oxicarboxin) obtains a growth of 0.93 cm In the variable of determination of the percentage of inhibition of the extract of ashpa quinoa 1% presented inhibition of 92.25% and the commercial control 100%, for P. pittieriana the percentage of inhibition was influenced by the extracts of Ashpa quinua with 86.25 % and black cabuya with 82.75% respectively, while the commercial witness reported 100% inhibition. Data were taken for 168 hours, at 24-hour intervals, to record the mycelial growth was measured along a line from the growth halo of the microorganism. Due to the results obtained, the use of plant extracts offers an alternative for the biological control of phytopathogenic fungi that cause potato diseases.Item Biología y tablas de vida de Eotetranychus lewisi sobre las variedades de durazno Prunus pérsica (zapallo, abridor blanco y tejón)(2020-03-19) Miño Pérez, César Ignacio; Vásquez Freytez, CarlosEotetranychus lewisi is an important pest in peach crops in various parts of the world and it has recently been reported in the province of Tungurahua, Ecuador. Therefore, in the present study, the biology and life table of E. lewisi were studied on three peach varieties (‘Zapallo’, Blanco abridor’and ‘Tejón’) under laboratory conditions (). The study was conducted in the Entomology laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, UTA. The mites were collected from Euphorbia pulcherrima. The effect of the variety on the duration of the life cycle of E. lewisi was demonstrated, observing that the lewis mite did not develop when reared on Zapallo leaves, while life cycle was similar in ‘Abridor’ and ‘Tejón’. Regarding the reproductive parameters, Tejon proved to be the breeding substrate that offers the greatest development potential for E. lewisi since it presented less pre-oviposition time and greater fertility, which was evidenced in the parameters of the table of life where it presented the highest data in the net reproduction rate (Ro). Based on the results, cultivar Zapallo seems to have resistance mechanisms to this pest, so its inclusion in a pest management program could be considered.Item Evaluación de un biofertilizante líquido a base de excretas de cerdo en la producción de arveja (Pisum sativum L.) Var. Quantum(2020-01-22) Arévalo Freire, Andrés Stalin; Muñoz, ManoloThe objective of this research was to evaluate a liquid biofertilizer based on pig excreta in the production of peas (Pisum sativum L.) A randomized complete block design with 4 repetitions was used. 3 doses were used at 3 different frequencies, using a control. The application of biofertilizer based on pig excreta was carried out every 5, 10, and 15 days with their respective doses from 20 days after the germination of the plants, up to 15 days before harvesting, triple fifteen was applied to the control, what the farmer frequently applies. Significant differences were observed on the variables plant length, number of pods, pod weight and yield. The treatment D2F2 (16,17 liters of bowl / liter of water every 10 days) was the best treatment, with encouraging results 70, 25 cm in plant length, 34,74 number of pods per plant and 175 g weight of green pods Regarding the witness who had 47.75 cm in plant length, 15.72 pods per plant and 83,75 g weight of green pods. The best performance achieved was 11666,67 kg.ha−1. This indicates that the mentioned variables were positively affected by the application of the biofertilizer. Keywords: P. sativum, plant length, number of pods per plant, pod weight and yield