Browsing by Author "Lalaleo Córdova, Liliana Paulina"

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Desarrollo de un método para la obtención de Quitosano a partir de caparazones de camarón (Penaeus vannamei), utilizando un agente reductor quimico
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2010) Lalaleo Córdova, Liliana Paulina; Rodríguez, Román
La obtención de quitosano se la realizó a partir de caparazones de camarón (Penaeus vannamei) procedentes de marisquerías y centros de acopio de la ciudad de Ambato. El presente trabajo de investigación planteó tres factores de estudio: método de obtención, uso de agente reductor y tiempo de desacetilación, a fin de evaluar si estas variables generan un producto con características diferentes a las reportadas bibliográficamente. Se utilizaron dos métodos de obtención: uno indirecto y uno directo y para cada uno de ellos se determinó la influencia de dos variables: presencia o usencia del agente reductor (tetrahidruro de boro y sodio, NaBH4) y tiempo de desacetilación de 2 y 4 horas. La investigación buscó desarrollar un método alternativo para la obtención de quitosano, el cual emplea un agente reductor, cuya principal función es evitar la oxidación de los grupos funcionales del polímero. Las características físico - químicas del quitosano fueron analizadas en base a los siguientes parámetros: peso molecular, porcentaje de humedad, contenido de cenizas, índice de blancura, contenido de nitrógeno y grado de desacetilación. En base a los análisis estadísticos, los mejores resultados indican un peso molecular de 8.31x105 g/mol, 10.39 % de humedad, 0.12 % de contenido de cenizas, 81.69/100 de índice de blancura, 8.44 % de nitrógeno, un grado de desacetilación del 85.91 % calculado en base al contenido de nitrógeno y un grado de desacetilación del 74.24 % en base al análisis por espectroscopia infrarroja, donde todos los parámetros reportados corresponden a tratamientos con el uso del agente reductor. En contraste, sin agente reductor, se obtuvo como mejor resultado un peso molecular de 6.91x105 g/mol, 10.72 % de humedad, 0.11 % de contenido de cenizas, 90.55/100 de índice de blancura, 8.44 % de nitrógeno, un grado de desacetilación del 85.05 % calculado en base a contenido de nitrógeno y un grado de desacetilación del 73.72 % en base al análisis por espectroscopia infrarroja. Los resultados globales indican que el método directo con un tiempo de desacetilación de 4 horas, independiente de la presencia de agente reductor, permite obtener un quitosano de mejores características físico- químicas, por lo que no se justifica el empleo de Tetrahidruro de Boro y Sodio como agente reductor en el proceso de obtención de quitosano.
Evaluación de biofactorías vegetales para la producción y extracción de antocianinas a partir de Col Lombarda (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Andrade Romero, Christian Israel; Lalaleo Córdova, Liliana Paulina
In this research, the seed disinfection and germination process was optimized, exposed to different experimental conditions such as: culture media (Murashige and Skoog Complete and without nitrates); growth regulators (Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic Acid) and genetic transformation (AtMYB12 and GUS) to obtain transformed seedlings and roots. Extracts were obtained to analyze total anthocyanin content and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. Analyses showed that the use of Gibberellic Acid at 4 degrees improved the germination rate by 83.33 percent. The Murashige and Skoog medium without nitrates favored the accumulation of anthocyanins in the seedlings, reaching a total anthocyanin content of 45.07 mg Cyanidin-3-glucoside per-100 g, with an antioxidant capacity of 65 percent and anti-inflammatory activity of 76.49 percent. In the transformed roots the transcription factor AtMYB12 in Murashige and Skoog complete medium reported better results with a total anthocyanin content of 49.49 mg Cyanidin-3-glucoside per-100 g; antioxidant capacity of 72.10 percent and anti-inflammatory activity of 79.4 percent. Statistical results suggest that the culture medium influences the production of anthocyanins, and the transformed roots in the transcription factor are the most relevant. These results suggest that genetic transformation and the optimization of culture conditions can increase anthocyanin production.
Evaluación de la producción de fenoles, flavonoides y antioxidantes en sistemas biotecnológicos de pitahaya (Hylocereus megalanthus) con metil jasmonato
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) García Ramos, Marissa Miossothy; Lalaleo Córdova, Liliana Paulina
This research evaluates the effects of methyl jasmonate as a plant stress inducer on the production of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity in cellular biotechnological systems of pitahaya (Hylocereus megalanthus). Stress was induced at different concentrations of 0, 50 and 150 micromolar methyl jasmonate at time intervals of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The results showed with 50 micromolar a continuous maximum phenol production until day 28 with 137,639 equivalents of gallic acid, while 150 micromolar achieved a phenol production of 126,087 equivalents of gallic acid at 28 days. In flavonoid production, 150 micromolar showed the fastest increase, 121,562 quercetin equivalents in 14 days. In antioxidant capacity, 150 micromolar MeJa elicited the highest initial response, 89.518 percent inhibition of DPPH within 14 days. This study concludes that, for industrial applications aimed at both growth and the production of bioactive compounds, the treatment of pitahaya cells with 50 micromolar methyl jasmonate is optimal, since they provide a balance between progressive growth and greater production of metabolites. Alternatively, higher concentrations such as 150 micromolar methyl jasmonate can be used for rapid compound production despite reduced cell growth. The findings provide valuable information for laboratory processes at industrial levels, depending on specific production objectives and as a contribution to the limited research of these compounds in plant cell suspensions.
Evaluación de sistemas biotecnológicos de pitahaya (Hylocereus megalanthus) como sustituto alimentario
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-09) Solis Zambrano, Jorge Luis; Lalaleo Córdova, Liliana Paulina
The study consisted of evaluating biotechnological systems of pitahaya as a food substitute. Cellular agriculture provides food solutions and increases large-scale production; these technologies are emerging as an innovative food alternative of the future. A treatment of pitahaya seeds (acid and basic solution, water, and incubation) was carried out, which allowed the development of seedlings in vitro. Once the plants were obtained, callogenesis was induced, with the optimization of culture media, based on the composition of Murashige - Skoog and Gamborg, and different phytohormones: cytokinins (6-Benzylaminopurine and kinetin), auxins (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and naphthaleneacetic acid). The biomass obtained allowed the establishment of cell suspensions and the identification of the growth curve. Finally, the nutritional properties of the cell culture were compared with the fruit. The results suggest that to remove the mucilage from the seeds, they should be immersed in water for 1 h. In addition, the ideal medium for callogenesis is Gamborg with 2 mg per L of naphthaleneacetic acid and 1 mg per L of kinetin. In the cell suspensions, higher phenol and antioxidant contents were observed at 14 days with 34.074 mgGAE per g and 32.901 percent respectively, while at 21 days a high value of flavonoids was obtained: 29.465 mgQE per g. Finally, the nutritional profile of the cell culture shows characteristic value in fiber 2.53 percent and protein 1.61. Therefore, the cells have significant nutritional properties, which could constitute a food substitute.
Evaluación de sistemas biotecnológicos de pitahaya (Hylocereus megalanthus) como sustituto alimentario
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-10) Corella Moncada, Jennifer Elizabeth; Lalaleo Córdova, Liliana Paulina
The study consisted of evaluating biotechnological systems of pitahaya as a food substitute. Cellular agriculture provides food solutions and increases large-scale production; these technologies are emerging as an innovative food alternative of the future. A treatment of pitahaya seeds (acid and basic solution, water, and incubation) was carried out, which allowed the development of seedlings in vitro. Once the plants were obtained, callogenesis was induced, with the optimization of culture media, based on the composition of Murashige - Skoog and Gamborg, and different phytohormones: cytokinins (6-Benzylaminopurine and kinetin), auxins (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and naphthaleneacetic acid). The biomass obtained allowed the establishment of cell suspensions and the identification of the growth curve. Finally, the nutritional properties of the cell culture were compared with the fruit. The results suggest that to remove the mucilage from the seeds, they should be immersed in water for 1 h. In addition, the ideal medium for callogenesis is Gamborg with 2 mg per L of naphthaleneacetic acid and 1 mg per L of kinetin. In the cell suspensions, higher phenol and antioxidant contents were observed at 14 days with 34.074 mgGAE per g and 32.901 percent respectively, while at 21 days a high value of flavonoids was obtained: 29.465 mgQE per g. Finally, the nutritional profile of the cell culture shows characteristic value in fiber 2.53 percent and protein 1.61. Therefore, the cells have significant nutritional properties, which could constitute a food substitute.
Expresión génica de cuatro accesiones de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) bajo condiciones de estrés por arseniato
(2021-04) Carrillo Chagmana, Carlos Stalin; Lalaleo Córdova, Liliana Paulina
The discovery of the genome of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), has allowed research at the genetic level many metabolic functions including tolerance to different types of stress and their relationship at the metabolic level, from the identification of genes potentially involved in these processes. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the stress caused by Arsenate applied at different concentrations [0.3 and 0.5 mM] that generated a response at the transcriptomic level to counteract such stress. The experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of the Laboratory of Vegetal Biotechnology of the Center of Agricultural Research of the Technical University of Ambato, where the vegetal material was cultivated under the following conditions: average internal temperature of 20°C and relative humidity of 50%. For this, germination trays with a mixture of sterile substrate, black soil and humus were used, and once the plants reached an appropriate foliar development (5 true leaves), they were submitted to stress by arsenate, to later collect them and carry out the respective analysis of gene expression. From the extraction of RNA from each sample, the cDNA was synthesized and then the gene expression analysis was performed using the qPCR in real time method. The results show that they generate genetic responses in the four accessions of quinoa and the expression of genes GST20 (Glutathione S-Transferase), PCS1 (Phytochelatin synthase) and SODc (Superoxide dismutase) is produced, giving rise to different genetic responses between varieties, using 0.3 and 0.5 mM of arsenate and at different times of study. It is concluded that variety V2 (Sweet Chaucha) produces greater gene response when 0.5 mM of arsenate is placed in the culture substrate and at a time of 72 h, the obtained values were: for gene GST20 with a gene expression value of 10,8848±3,6953; for PCS1 a value of 26.0439±3.7342 and for gene SODc 31.1608±6.9151.
Influencia del procesamiento de semillas de diferentes variedades de Chenopodium quinoa en su perfil nutraceútico y metabólico
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2022-09) Carrillo Hidalgo, Doménica Carolina; Lalaleo Córdova, Liliana Paulina
The purpose of this research consisted of the NMR metabolomics analysis performed with three quinoa cultivars with 5 treatments including the control. The results obtained by Lalaleo et al., (2020) in the project Differentiating, evaluating, and classifying three quinoa ecotypes by washing, cooking and germination treatments, using proton nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomic approach, were the basis for the development of this study. The raw data obtained were values resulting from the integration of the spectrum peaks of each sample analyzed and data from the correct grouping of each ecotype. The exploratory analysis of data groups from different quinoa cultivars allowed us to identify the normally distributed metabolites in the control group and in those that received some type of treatment. Discrimination between the type of seed processing and cultivar was performed using Random Forest. When the variety was analyzed as an important variable, it was determined that amino acids and certain nutrients are the most relevant to evaluate the accuracy of the model. Finally, the nutraceutical contribution of each variety and treatment was evaluated, based on the categorization. In the amino acids, it was identified that the germination treatment (G) has greater metabolic activity in the three varieties. In organic acids, formic and pyruvic acid show the greatest direct correlation in Ck and WCk. In carbohydrates, treatment G with the highest direct correlation exhibited galactose. The treatment (G) with the highest direct correlation in all its varieties with several metabolites in the other nutrients group.
Optimización de medios de cultivo para la obtención de plántulas in vitro de tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum) a partir de semillas y explantes
(2021-04) Barrera Núñez, Marcelo Vinicio; Lalaleo Córdova, Liliana Paulina
The tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) is a fruit tree that is in high demand in the US markets for its nutritional quality, this cultivar is produced in the provinces of Carchi, Imbabura, Azuay, Pichincha, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi and Tungurahua. Despite being a fruit tree that is in constant development, it has not managed to achieve enough replicas of improved varieties, so studies are carried out from seeds to achieve quality plants. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the best conditions for obtaining seedlings in vitro, taking into consideration the following experimental variables such as: culture media (M1, M2 and M3), seed disinfection methods (D1 and D2) and explants (E1) and different scarification processes (S1, S2 and S3). The results show that the best treatments were S2D1M2 in terms of seeds and E1D1M2 in explants. The response variables were evaluated between 4 to 60 days of experimentation, however, the best results are obtained after 60 days of observation, obtaining a germination percentage of 92%, contamination percentages of 48% for the S2D1M2 treatment. The development of the seedling was evaluated by the height of the seedling, true leaf formation, number of shoots and root formation. The height values ranged from: 3.35 cm. (S2D1M2) and 11 cm. (E1D1M2), likewise the formation of leaves presented an average of 11.5 from seed and 2.0 in explants, in terms of the number of shoots 1.5; while the number of roots presented an average value of 3.3; all these values at the end of the observation (60 days). This study provides relevant information to determine the culture medium and the most favorable conditions for the development of seedlings in vitro, it also shows the weighting effect of phytohormones on plant development.
Uso de la metabolómica para verificar autenticidad, origen y aporte nutracéutico entre cultivares de Tropaeolum tuberosum
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-03) Hernández Salazar, María José; Lalaleo Córdova, Liliana Paulina
The present study consisted of the processing and analysis of data from a metabolomics study using the nuclear magnetic resonance technique of six different cultivars of Tropaeolum tuberosum (mashua), whose results are published by Valle-Parra et al 2020: From morphological traits to the food fingerprint of Tropaeolum tuberosum through metabolomics by NMR. Data includes: cultivar ID (A-F); sample collection area (I, II and III); information on the content of 34 metabolites (in mM); and integration values of each resonance spectrum at an interval of 0.4 ppm (234 values per spectrum). These data were subjected to multivariable analysis by PCA revealing a grouping between cultivars A-B, C-D-E and F. These three subgroups coincided with the grouping of the analysis of the collection area. Subsequently, the performance of the machine learning classification models was evaluated: LDA, SVM and RF. The former had the lowest performance with a percentage accuracy range between 83.2 and 87.6, the second between 86.5 and 96.4, and RF had the best performance between 96.4 and 100. Finally, the nutraceutical contribution of the cultivars was evaluated, and they were ranked according to their content of amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids, among other nutrients. In global and amino acid terms, cultivar F stood out for its superior contribution to the other cultivars; cultivar A has the highest content of organic acids, while cultivars B and D of carbohydrates.