Presencia de enterobacterias portadoras de genes de resistencia a antibióticos emergentes procedentes de aguas de riego y superficiales del Ecuador, año 2019.

Abstract

In order to assess the degree of biological pollution of water in the country, the aim of this researching was the identification of bacteria resistant to emerging antibiotics from surface waters of 5 provinces of Ecuador. The sampling points for the analysis were determined based on a space-temporal study, based on historical data by the National Institute for Public Health Research (INSPI) based on to the presence of population, hospitals, crops, animal production and industries. The collection of samples was carried out from rivers, irrigation canals, collection points. About 71 samples were taken at strategic points based on US EPA-600 / 4- 79-0120 "Methods for the Collection and Analysis of Water and Waste", of which 40 (24 from the river and 16 from the irrigation canal ) corresponded to water and 31 samples (16 from the river and 15 from the irrigation canal) corresponded to sediments. Seeds were performed on Chromocult® and MacConkey agar enriched with 2 µg of Ceftriaxone. From the samples, the indicators of faecal contamination were E. coli and total coliforms, thus E. coli and ceftriaxone resistant total coliforms (2 µg / mL). 10 genes (mcr-1 mcr-2 mcr-3 mcr-4 mcr-5, blaKPC, blaNDM, blaIMP and blaVIM) were detected for antibiotic resistance in the PCR process, byconfirming the amplification they were identified and identified 9 positive isolates to emerging antibiotic resistance genes (8 for mcr-1 and, 1 for blaKPC).