Tecnología asistida para la neuro-estimulación en el desarrollo psicomotor en niños de 4-5 años pertenecientes a un centro de educación inicial particular de la provincia de Tungurahua durante el aislamiento causado por la pandemia del covid-2019

Abstract

Development is inescapably integrated into the concept of health. Psychomotor development can be defined as a process of functional and comprehensive skills that are progressively acquired continuously as the person grows. Several factors can interfere with the proper development of early childhood. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declares an international epidemiological emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Ecuador chooses to implement preventive measures such as social confinement. Before the current world situation, the use of new technologies was catapulted as a neurostimulation tool. However, the potential of these resources to aid psychomotor development in times of pandemic is unknown. The following work is presented as part of a cross-sectional study, carried out between June and July 2020 in 29 boys and girls from a private initial education center in the province of Tungurahua (Ecuador). Where the current state of children's psychomotor development was evaluated through the Battelle IDB Development Inventory. Through questionnaire, directed to parents. The use of technological means (hours / day) was identified in order to identify the existing level of correlation. In addition, they inquired about situations related to confinement. All the work was done by videoconference. The purpose was to assess the coefficients of total development and by domains and establish possible deficits in them. On the other hand, it was investigated through a structured questionnaire. The range of xv

ages of those evaluated was from 48 to 62 months of age. With an average of 55.43 months that represents a value in years of 4.62. The majority were men, a total of 18 (62%). 41% of the patients reached an average development coefficient. Nine children (34%) had a high developmental coefficient. Seven of those evaluated (24%) obtained an advanced coefficient. Only one of the children achieved an accelerated global coefficient. In the evaluation by domains, the motor area was the only one where two cases of mild delays and one with significant delay were identified. Regarding accessibility, there was 100% access to any technological device and the internet. Regarding the correlation by means of the Pearson coefficient between the development coefficients (global and by domains) and the different uses of technological means in hours / day. In none of the cases in which the correlational analysis was carried out did the value obtained reach the criterion of r '> 0.7. However, moderate relationships between 0.52 were found between motor development and use in hours / day of the console at the expense of fine motor development, although they were not significant. The influence of social isolation and the psychomotor development of children is not completely established. Regarding the relationship of the use of technological means and its influence during the pandemic, no significant relationships were found, however the results are combined with previous research where playing video games is associated with greater cognition and reaction speed. By way of conclusion it was not found problems were evidenced in the cognitive area or the personal / social domain where it was expected that there were deficits related to isolation. However, it is in the motor areas where problems were found in development. It remains to be established whether there is a true relationship between this finding and confinement or it is only an expected statistical consequence. The use of immersive methods can apparently generate real benefit although the proper methodology of use is not well establis