Unidad de Posgrado Civil y Mecánica
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Item Diseño del bloque de aulas F de la Unidad Educativa Juan León Mera (La Salle) de la ciudad de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2024-05) López Sánchez, Sandra Paulina; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir JoséThe research was carried out with the central purpose of designing classroom block F of the Juan León Mera school (La Salle) in the city of Ambato. This project was carried out with the fulfillment of a series of specific objectives that encompassed various aspects of structural design and safety. First of all, the superstructure of the classroom block was chosen, opting for a metallic structure with ASTM A 572 GR50 steel. Based on the technical specifications of the different standards, the aim was to achieve an adequate level of reliability in the response to the application of different static and dynamic loads. In addition, a thorough substructure design was carried out, taking into account the geotechnical particularities of the local soil. This approach included comprehensive geotechnical evaluations to ensure the construction of a solid and safe foundation to support the entire structure. In addition, a structural analysis using both static and dynamic nonlinear methods was conducted using three significant seismic records - Northridge 1994, Kobe 1995 and Pedernales 2016. This analysis covered the evaluation and verification of various aspects, including drifts, deformations, shear forces, plastic joint formation, failure mechanisms, displacements, hysteresis diagrams and energy dissipation capacity of the structure. The seismic performance and vulnerability of the structure to earthquakes with return periods of 475 and 2500 years were examined, anticipating that the structure has the capacity to resist the design earthquake. As a result of this exhaustive research and design, a robust and durable classroom block has been conceived that complies with current technical regulations, guaranteeing the safety of the educational community of the Unidad Educativa Juan León Mera school (La Salle) in Ambato, it was concluded that the non-linear dynamic analysis determines the performance level of the structure.Item Análisis Técnico Económico de Vigas Aligeradas y su Incidencia en el Diseño Sismorresistente de un Edificio de Estructura Metálica(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Jordán López, Andrés Sebastián; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir JoséThe technical-economic differences between idealized structural systems with homogeneous web beams and beams with web openings emerge as the main elements of a steel building, considering occupational and seismic demands typical of Ambato city. In accordance with the architectural proposal for the implementation of a building, the input data for the construction of a mathematical model that adjusts, more closely, to the real conditions of the structure were defined. The structural analysis and design of the building guarantees its seismic behavior in accordance with the requirements established in the codes: NEC-SE-DS, NEC-SE-AC, AISC 341-16, AISC 360-16 and ASCE/SEI 7-16. Once this process was completed, the beams with critical demands were identified to be supported in a process of restructuring their geometry through the incorporation of rectangular and circular openings in their web, to establish structural and economic differences respect to a beam with a homogeneous web. Beams with circular openings suffer less vertical and lateral deformations under a controlled loading condition, in contrast to an equivalent beam with rectangular openings. When the web of a homogeneous beam is disturbed by perforations, the internal forces tend to increase around them; being the corners of the rectangular openings those that present the greatest concentration of these efforts. Respect to the economic factor, the construction of a residential steel structure with beams with web opening presents a minimal advantage with respect to a system with homogeneous web, due to the increase in the cost for its manufacture and assembly, in the local market.Item Estudio comparativo de la incidencia de la mampostería aislada y confinada en el comportamiento de edificios de estructura metálica de mediana altura(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Lagos Saltos, Paola Nathaly; Guerra Avendaño, Oswaldo MarceloBeing masonry a non-structural element widely used in buildings in our country, it is necessary to analyze it in order to optimize its use, therefore, a comparison of the incidence isolated masonry versus confined masonry on the seismic behavior in medium height metal frame buildings is presented, based on seismic design standards of Ecuador, trying to obtain safe designs by means of dynamic analysis of the structure, also by considering the effects that may be caused by seismic events associated to the design spectrum of the area, depending on the building configuration, since in the present study 3 buildings of similar configuration and different importance (4, 6 and 7 stories) were considered; the purpose of this research is to evaluate the influence of the effects of masonry with which it is intended to recommend the fact of considering the effects produced by the masonry, with the intention of recommending these effects consideration in order to have designed buildings according to a closer reality according to the materials of the area, considering preliminary experimental investigations carried out in the capital city, combining them with theories developed over the years by authors from several countries, who have made increasingly accurate proposals to consider masonry in the macro modeling of buildings; The inelastic modeling of masonry through the simplified macro model proposed by Rodrigues, Varum and Costa, in combination with data from tests carried out on steel frames filled with block masonry, was used in this research, obtaining favorable results in displacements and ductility with the proposed modeling of masonry, concluding that by considering the effects of masonry, a better behavior of steel structure buildings can be admitted, depending on their configuration, and having as a result that the models that consider the contribution of the masonry generally have an optimum performance in terms of drift reduction of the buildings, a criterion with which, in many cases, designers could create projects with more economical sections and that comply with the requirements of the current regulations.Item Análisis de los elementos estructurales utilizados en el diseño de una edificación de dos pisos con un sistema estructural liviano (Steel Framing)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Alarcón Cárdenas, Fredy Israel; Sánchez Sánchez, Xavier RolandoThe development of civil construction leads to industrialized and modern construction systems. One of these is Steel Framing (SF), cold-formed galvanized steel profiles enclosed by cement board, wood or gypsum board panels. In the Ecuadorian environment there is concern about the safety of its structural components. The seismic demand to which the country is subjected requires the construction sector to innovate construction systems, especially for the residential building sector, in order to carry out construction processes with less environmental impact and better seismic resistant behavior that guarantees the safety of the occupants. The materials used in the SF construction system lack reliability in the local market, since they are in a discrete commercialization state due to their low demand and limited consumer scope, which is mainly composed of professionals dedicated to real estate projects. In this study, the structural design of a 2-story residential building was carried out, verifying the mechanical properties of SF by testing its main structural elements. The samples were extracted from profiles available in the market and were analyzed through mechanical tests in several laboratories in the country. During the tests, tensilexvi behavior, metallography, hardness, chemical composition, electron microscopy and coating thickness measurements were evaluated. The results showed that the structural elements that make up the SF system meet the mechanical requirements requested by the structural design standards and its application is feasible in the proposed building, taking into account the good quality of the material used in the manufacture of the profiles used in this construction system. In addition to the results obtained numerically, it is important to emphasize the advantages of the SF, in terms of weight of its elements (light structures), speed of execution and good environmental practices in the construction process.Item Análisis y diseño estructural del edificio Mushuc Runa de diez pisos en estructura metálica, mediante comparación del análisis estático lineal, modal, estático no lineal (Pushover), dinámico no-lineal (historia de respuesta), y diseño estructural en concordancia con el AISC 341-16, AISC 358-16, e incidencia en las condiciones actuales de la edificación(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-08) Argüello Freire, César Hipólito; Guamanquispe Toasa, Jorge PatricioThe degree work in question consists of analyzing, through non-linear mathematical models, the seismic vulnerability of a building built in 2018 with structural steel (A572 GR 50) and a height of 9 floors with respect to the road. Likewise, the structural design carried out in 2017 (prior to construction), and compared with international standards, specifically those described in ANSI - AISC 341-16, 358s-16, 360-16, ASCE 41-13, FEMA 440, FEMA 273. The company AyF, Consultoría y Construcción provided all the necessary documents to carry out a correct seismic performance analysis; among the most important: mathematical model of analysis and structural design prepared in 2017, as-built plans prepared at the end of the work in 2018, ultrasound tests on welds, material quality certificates, architectural plans, among others. In this way and with all the documentation available, the expected results were obtained through nonlinear analysis (NSP) and (NDP), comparing maximum displacements, floor drifts, shear forces, formation of plastic hinges, failure, hysteresis diagrams and amount of energy dissipation; in this way, the level of seismic performance and the seismic vulnerabilityxviii of the structure were obtained for a design earthquake of 475 years of return period (earthquake considered due to the type of building) and it is expected that the civil works in question resist the design earthquake and is between the Operational – Functional states. Within the resilience rating with respect to FEMA P-58-1, the category that corresponds to the current system is "GOLD", where 10 percent damage and 4 weeks of occupation time are expected. Likewise, a comparison was made of the design carried out prior to construction (2017), with respect to the analysis carried out in this document; therefore, the dimensioning of cross sections used in the different structural members is justified. It should be noted that practical results have been obtained for the structural analysis specifically to the value related to the coefficient R (coefficient of seismic reduction) and that they can be extrapolated to different scenarios.Item Desarrollo de un software para el diseño de vigas y columnas metálicas de acero conforme a la normativa AISC 360-16(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-03) Zambrano Salazar, Luis Leonardo; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaIn the present research project, the graphical interface and the coding of a calculation software for the pre-design and design of steel beams and columns were carried out in accordance with the AISC 360-16 standard, through the use of a programming software and its tool guide. The software allows us to obtain pre-design sections for both beams and columns, which were verified in the design process, proven that they resist the requests to which they are exposed to the structure under analysis, all this is done by entering data such as: geometric configuration of the structure, load states and properties of the steel to be used. For the development of the software, it has been necessary to carry out a bibliographical investigation where the LRFD (Load and Resistance Factor Design) method is extended, for the design of steel beams and columns, which is approved by the American Institute of Steel Construction. (AISC 360-16) and the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 2015). Once the calculation method was determined, the algorithms necessary for the software coding were developed, once defined, the graphical interface of the same was elaborated. Once the development of the software was completed, a debugging of the programming code was carried out where the calculation algorithms were optimized to achieve a better and faster operation of the software. The validity of the developed program will be verified through a comparison of the results obtained through the software, manual calculations and a commercial program, obtaining an error rate of less than 0.8 percent, with which it was possible to verify that the calculation values obtained through the software developed in this research they are valid and reliable, thus achieving an optimization in the calculation time and precision in them, since being an automated software the human factor capable of committing involuntary errors during the manual process is eliminated. of calculation.