Unidad de Posgrado Civil y Mecánica

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    Análisis de juntas tipo bridas apernadas para estructuras de telecomunicaciones de tipo monopolo usando el método de elementos finitos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Muyulema Muyulema, Dany Germán; Peña Jordán, Francisco Agustín
    Monopole structures are used as telecommunication towers, especially in urban areas where zoning is difficult. The load hypothesis that predominates their design is wind, since most of the collapses are due to this effect. The most critical part that is more prone to failure in the towers is the bolted flange joint, which requires a special focus in the design to guarantee its resistance and performance over time. In the present investigation, a finite element model was obtained that approximated the actual structural behavior of bolted flange joints. The finite element models were developed in a specialized software and monotonic lateral load tests were performed for their validation. The results obtained by measuring loads and displacements in the tests were compared with those obtained in the finite element model, showing non-significant variations in the points of interest of the bolted flange. The finite element model was useful for predicting the structural behavior of the flanges, making the design process more dynamic.
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    Análisis de amortiguadores híbridos utilizados en estructuras metálicas de edificaciones de mediana altura para mejorar su respuesta a cargas sísmicas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Jaya Guanoluisa, Mario Hernán; Arroba Arroba, César Hernán
    The present research focused on identifying different configurations of hybrid dampers that are applicable to mid-rise buildings through the review of research, these devices were evaluated with computational tools, using the finite element method, which allowed to know the structural behavior of this type of systems with reliable mathematical models. Three types of dampers were identified that use fusible elements such as slits and weak plates to dissipate energy through deformations and contact surfaces that dissipate energy through friction, the analyzed dampers are composed especially of steel plates and surfaces of rough materials joined by bolts forming a single assembly, These devices are then adapted with welded or bolted joints to the structures, especially in the central zone of the beams, thus preventing damage to the structural element and giving way to the formation of ball joints and deformations in the fusible elements. After the analysis, the damper with the most stable behavior was identified in order to propose a proposal to improve the seismic performance and better dissipate the energy of the seismic loads.
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    Estudio comparativo entre las juntas de conexión empernadas y por soldadura en el área de acceso vehicular y entre piso de la edificación del parqueadero ubicado en la av. 12 de Noviembre de la ciudad de Ambato y su incidencia en el comportamiento mecánico operacional
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Zavala Córdova, Luis Eduardo; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza Elizabeth
    This degree work is based on a building that was built in the city of Ambato in order to determine what would be the optimum behavior to the requirements established by the structural design standards, for which we proceeded to perform a quantitative analysis in the collection and analysis of results in the comparison of the joints that are currently built by welding, to perform the analysis by connections of RBS and BFP joints, taking into account the criteria of the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC-15), Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) and American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC 360-16), this analysis contributes to the modeling of bolted and welded connections, in order to analyze the localized buckling phenomenon in the wings and web of the metal profiles of the beam-column joint in the vehicular access area and the joint between floors, The results obtained showed that the RBS connection has a better deformation behavior without affecting the web and flanges of the profile, and that the BFP connection cannot be used in the same way as the BFP connection, the BFP connection cannot be used in joints where the inclination of the beam towards the column has a steep slope because the plates must be connected perpendicularly and the welding connection tends to be the most economical and can be used in any area, however it tends to reach the equivalent stressstrain deformation limit, in relation to the cost of materials used for the installation of the BFP joint it is more expensive because it implies placing more supply of elements in the joint.
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    Diseño del proceso de manufactura del bastidor de un vehículo de competición GO KART aplicando técnicas de optimización
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021-01) Jácome Guevara, Fausto Andrés; Arroba Arroba, Cesar Hernán
    The present work aims to carry out the manufacturing process of a Go Kart chassis. Firstly, the design of the chassis is carried out in accordance with the regulations imposed by the CIK-FIA. The selection of the material is made by means of a previous choice of the three materials generally used in Ecuador for the manufacture of chassis, like ASTM A36, ASTM A 500 grade A and ASTM A1011. The analysis performed in the Ansys software shows that the best behavior to the applied stresses is the ASTM A1011 steel, so it is selected for the manufacture of the same. For the manufacture of the chassis, an efficient manufacturing process is designed in which the manufacturing time, costs and efficiency are taken into account by selecting the most suitable manufacturing processes for the elaboration of the frame, obtaining a functional, esthetic and economic structure.
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    Diseño de la estructura del autobus interprovincial modelo IM9 sobre chasis Mercedes Benz 0500 RS 1836 de Miral Autobuses en base a la seguridad al vuelco
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020) Atacusí Hidalgo, Braulio Patricio; Arroba Arroba, Cesar Hernán
    In our country, there are some problems in the coach sector related to the manufacture of buses, among which are high weight and low resistance to rollover, which has resulted in high mortality rates in traffic accidents. Taking as reference previous studies, based on research carried out worldwide, national and international regulations, the current structure of the bus for interprovincial service IM9 on Mercedes Benz O500 RS 1836 chassis of Miral Autobuses, was based on the theory and the finite element method with the analysis software Ansys, which was validated by a physical rollover test of the most critical section of the structure in accordance with the provisions of Regulation 66 of the United Nations, the structure was modified with the material that the company currently uses, identifying oversized segments, by varying the thickness, its weight was reduced without forgetting rollover resistance, reliable results were achieved to ensure the quality and safety of the products manufactured by Miral Autobuses. It was determined by an adequate design, at specific points of the bus structure reducing its weight always keeping in mind the most important aspect, the conservation of lives, which translates into the fact that the passenger survival zone is never invaded during a rollover accident. After having done the research, it is recommended to work on composite materials for the body components, which can reduce weight in order to be more competitive in comparison to other bus body builders that are selling its products in our country, in the future, we will sell our buses in international markets.
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    Análisis de la influencia de las pruebas tecnológicas sobre las propiedades mecánicas de compuestos de resina polimérica reforzado con fibras naturales del Ecuador bajo norma ASTM
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2019) Salán Guevara, Luis Geovanny; Analuiza Maiza, Oscar Iván
    This document responds to an investigative work, against the lack of knowledge of the degree of degradation of composites in the open air, for this purpose the study of the influence of UV radiation and humidity, considered as technological tests, on the mechanical properties of tensile and flexion in two types of composite materials, one with a matrix of polyester resin and reinforcement of cabuya fiber and the other with the same matrix of the previous one with banana fiber reinforcement, under ASTM regulations. In order to determine the percentage of humidity and UV affectation in the aforementioned composite materials, by comparing their properties and determining which one offers better anti-degrading benefits to technological tests, tensile and flexural tests were carried out in the pre and post phases exposure to them. From the experimental treatment of the data obtained, conclusions are established that determine that the composite with better characteristics to resist technological tests is one that uses banana reinforcement. Subsequently, it was validated its use within the automotive industry - body supported by the analysis of finite elements performed by the specialized software intermediary, determining that its ideal application is for internal cover for bus roofs.
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    Determinación de configuraciones estructurales de un frente de autobús interprovincial y su incidencia en la resistencia al impacto frontal mediante el método de elementos finitos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Diseño Mecánico, 2016) López Ortiz, Santiago Alejandro; Arroba Arroba, César Hernán
    The Research is based on the frontal impact simulation of the front section bus with the Finite Element Method for analyzing the resistance of different structural configurations and verify compliance with Regulation ECE R29. To simulate the geometry of the main components of an interprovincial bus involved in a frontal impact was made by allocating the material's mechanical properties and boundary conditions to recreate the closest to real event, then was determined that Structural Elements they are more affected during the crash in order to change their characteristics and create models that can be evaluated under the same test conditions. From the obtained models are validated and analyze numerical simulation results in order to find a structural configuration with which none of the components of the body intrudes driver survival space and comply with regulations UNECE R 29.
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    Análisis del diseño por el método de elementos finitos de una cuchilla de corte, para la obtención de tiras de caña guadua (bambú)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Diseño Mecánico, 2016) Vacacela Miranda, Wilmo Marlon; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos Mauricio
    research is based on simulation by the finite element method of a cutting blade for obtain strip of guadua cane (bamboo), through software ANSYS Workbench LS-DYNA, to guarantee if the desing of the cutting blade perform the main features to wich they were made for. When performing dynamic analysis to verify the cutting blade relative to the guadua cane (bamboo), we proceeded to determine the mechanical properties of the guadua cane (bamboo), in order to obtain the main characteristics of such material and to get trustworthy data to be admitted to the software, moreover, data from the cutting blade material were selected from catalog, being a relevant information in the present research. Static simulations were conductec with both materials of the selected cut blade taking into account the angle of the cutting edge, concave and convex geometries in order to get the most feasible model, then a dynamic analysis determined the best desing with this parameters.
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    Estudio comparativo de los métodos de elementos finitos y fotoelástico en la determinación de esfuerzos para mejorar el diseño mecánico de piezas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Diseño Mecánico, 2013) López Villacís, Gonzalo Eduardo; Valle Velasco, Pablo Raúl
    En este trabajo de tesis se emplean el método de elementos finitos y la técnica de la fotoelasticidad para el análisis de esfuerzos que se producen sobre ciertos modelos a los cuales se les aplican diferentes tipos de carga, como por ejemplo tensión, compresión y flexión. Para poder realizar los ensayos de estas probetas primero se diseñó y construyó un polariscopio de transmisión, con el cual se obtuvieron los resultados del análisis fotoelástico. Debido a que la confiabilidad de la técnica de la fotoelasticidad depende de la calibración del material que se esté usando, es decir de la constante fotoelástica, el análisis estadístico se enfocó a esta variable. Luego en base a la constante fotoelástica se determinaron los esfuerzos en un modelo, los cuales fueron comparados con los resultados del análisis por elementos finitos, determinándose el error entre los dos valores y demostrándose de esta manera la hipótesis. Finalmente se analizó un caso práctico utilizando los dos métodos.