Unidad de Posgrado Civil y Mecánica
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Item Análisis de soldabilidad del acero HSLA ASTM A1011 GR 50 y su incidencia en la fabricación de carrocerías metálicas para buses(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2019) Poveda Almeida, Welligton Vladimir; Yunapanta Velastegui, José LuisThis investigation carried out, based on the large number of companies that manufacture metal buses bodies, which exist in Ecuador, use welding as the main process, these performed the weldability analysis between the ASTM A500 Gr C steel and the HSLA ASTM A1011 Gr 50, to investigate their weldment behaviour of a section of the body structure, in which the type of joint, parameters and welding processes to be used were analyzed. In addition, his work was based in a bibliographic way, where several documents were found with which it was possible to base this research in a profound way, at the same time, chemical, mechanical and physical tests were carried out with the cooperation of the company VARMA S.A., with the laboratories of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the Technical University of Ambato, the laboratories of the Salesian Polytechnic University and the Center for the Development of Carrocero Metallechanical Productivity, as well as every invaluable technical staff and human talent from each area, to determine the properties of each material by carrying out tests such as: penetrating liquids, metallography, hardness, tensile strength and impact, to finally compare the results and identify the incidence of each one on the manufacture of bodies. Finally, some mechanical properties of HSLA ASTM A1011 Gr 50 steel were obtained, which outperformed ASTM A500 Gr C steel, thus concluding that these results contribute to both business and country development.Item Análisis de la sustitución del material acero A36 por el material Q 235B en la construcción del sistema de agua potable de la ciudad de Riobamba provincia de Chimborazo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2019) Amancha Torres, Israel Jacinto; Espín Lagos, Segundo ManuelThe present research “The analysis of steel A36 substitution instead of Q235B material for the construction of the Drinking Water System in Riobamba city, Chimborazo province.”, is primarily aimed at comparing the Q235B material with A36 steel. Moreover, the obtained data, is the perfect sample to analyze the variable which supports the comparison between both materials, verifying that the results for the substitution bear out firmly all the characteristics of the proposal for this Project, the data obtained from the tests provided belong to the Consorcio Alao company having the authorization of the data, in addition tests were carried out in the Center of Productive Metalmechanical Development Carrocero. The information collected on the destructive and non-destructive testing methods helped us to analyze the physical-chemical and mechanical properties of this steel. In this way, each of the characteristics of this material is determined to be used in the construction of the Drinking Water System in Riobamba city, Chimborazo province. At the end of the project, the characterization of the analyzed steels and their replacement for the construction of the Drinking Water System of Riobamba city in Chimborazo province is presented, through the SMAW welding process under the criteria of acceptance and rejection of API standards 1104 and ASME IX, using electrodes E6010 and E7018 ones as input material, with a type of butt joint and 6G welding position because the pipe to be welded is static without being able to change Welding position, material Q235B presents good mechanical properties and its welding bead does not present many defects.Item Obtención de un nuevo material híbrido de matriz polimérica de resina poliéster y fibra natural de cabuya, reforzada con fibra de carbono para su aplicación en la industria automotriz(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2019) Ramos Guaillaguaman, Diego Geovanny; Espín Guerrero, Víctor RodrigoThe research is based on obtaining a new hybrid material for application in the automotive industry, the determination of the orientation and proportion of the elements of the new hybrid material was obtained by means of forming methods and techniques that are currently being executed in the sector. Conducted research in the field of bus parts production, 95 percentage of the companies carried out using the manual stratification method and 5 percentage with other methods. The configuration establishes the direction of the fibers of cabuya and carbon, material of contribution, number of layers and approximate thickness, where the orientation is longitudinal at 0 grades and transversal at 90 grades. The results obtained in the calculation of the volumetric fractions are estimated values to have a base at the time of making the specimens, without having several aspects such as: losses of polyester resin during the process of preparation and application in the mold. Once the tensile, flexural and impact tests were performed, the best combination was obtained being the carbon fiber material, but the study analyzed is made of hybrid material, so the best result of hybrid materials is configuration four with a volumetric fraction of 40 percentage reinforcement woven cabochon fiber and 50 percentage woven carbon fiber, with the following mechanical properties, in traction: maximum stress of 60.4 Mpa and elastic modulus of 1889.11 Mpa, in flexion with a maximum effort 87.82 Mpa and flexural modulus of 4104.05 Mpa and in impact with a resistance to the impact of 6.71 J. To validate the results of the tensile and flexural tests carried out in the treasury, simulation of finite elements was used, obtaining a percentage of error of 12.68 percentage in the maximum tensile test effort and 0.18 percentage in the maximum effort of the flexural test, being within the acceptable range that is 10 to 15 percentage.Item Análisis de la influencia de las pruebas tecnológicas sobre las propiedades mecánicas de compuestos de resina polimérica reforzado con fibras naturales del Ecuador bajo norma ASTM(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2019) Salán Guevara, Luis Geovanny; Analuiza Maiza, Oscar IvánThis document responds to an investigative work, against the lack of knowledge of the degree of degradation of composites in the open air, for this purpose the study of the influence of UV radiation and humidity, considered as technological tests, on the mechanical properties of tensile and flexion in two types of composite materials, one with a matrix of polyester resin and reinforcement of cabuya fiber and the other with the same matrix of the previous one with banana fiber reinforcement, under ASTM regulations. In order to determine the percentage of humidity and UV affectation in the aforementioned composite materials, by comparing their properties and determining which one offers better anti-degrading benefits to technological tests, tensile and flexural tests were carried out in the pre and post phases exposure to them. From the experimental treatment of the data obtained, conclusions are established that determine that the composite with better characteristics to resist technological tests is one that uses banana reinforcement. Subsequently, it was validated its use within the automotive industry - body supported by the analysis of finite elements performed by the specialized software intermediary, determining that its ideal application is for internal cover for bus roofs.Item Análisis de la aleación mecánica de aluminio 1060 con porcentajes controlados en peso de zinc y su incidencia en la resistencia última a la tensión, dureza e impacto(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2019) Pineda Silva, Giovanny Vinicio; López Villacís, Gonzalo EduardoThe research project begins due to the need to have technically documented information related to powder metallurgy within the scope of mechanical alloy, manufacturing process that is entering into the National Industry, due to the advantages it presents with respect to traditional processes; being the most representative, a more exact control of the limits of the composition, optimization of raw material and is a process susceptible to automation with good surface finish for serial production of mechanical components. The experimental process of the mechanical alloy begins with the obtaining of mechanical powder of the base elements: Aluminum 1060 with particle size 30 micrometers and alloying: Zinc with particle size between 45−63 micrometers through the use of ball mill and a screening control; mixing process based on the percentages in weight defined for the subsequent compaction and sintering of the test pieces for the correct development of the tests. The study of tensile strength, hardness and impact was developed though the control of variables of percentage by weight of alloying element: 0.5 – 1.0 y 1.5 percentage Zinc, and sintering temperature: 462 celcius degrees y 594 celsius degrees ; the best results were obtained in the case of a study developed with 1 percentage Zinc and a temperature of 594 celsius degrees, where the hardness and tensile strength were increased by 69 percentage and 12.29 percentage respectively in relation to the base element; while the impact resistance as a function of the energy absorbed decreases by 39.40 percentage in the best case 1 percentage Zinc and 462 celsius degrees; in addition, the controlled variables are correlated with each other and directly affect the properties under study according to the statistical analysis developed by Fisher’s test.Item Análisis del manejo de desecho de viruta metálica en la industria metal – mecánica del cantón Cevallos para establecer mecanismos de prevención y control del suelo contaminado(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Diseño Mecánico, 2018) Bonilla Parra, Santiago Rodrigo; Pérez Salinas, Cristian FabiánThe investigation is based on the study of the dross management of metal chip waste in the metal-mechanic industry of the Cevallos town, its collection and final disposal and thus demonstrate the environmental impact they generate to the soil. Therefore, part of the chemical composition of the raw material used in said industry to determine the elements that constitute pollutants to the soil according to the parameters of soil quality, established in the Unified Text of Higher Environmental Legislation (TULSMA) . It was determined that the final disposal of metal chip waste from the metal-mechanic industry of Cevallos town, are the scrap deposits located in Ambato city, specifically in the deposits: Max Metal, Eco Recycling, Tungurahua and Huachi Grande; sites in which it was proved that there is a residual of metal chips deposited in the soil. To know the percentage concentration of heavy metals present in these soils, the method of atomic absorption by flame was used and to determine the morphology the use of a scanning electron microscope was required. From the analyzes carried out, it was determined that the concentration of heavy metals in these soils ranges from: (99-299) ppm Cr, (58-3000) ppm Cu, (19-60) ppm Ni, (299-998) ppm Mn being superior both to those detected in adjacent soils and to the maximum allowable by TULSMA of 54ppm Cr, 25ppm Cu, 19ppm Ni. Finally, as a control and prevention proposal, a metal chip separation system based on magnetism was designed, which according to the analysis was the most suitable for this industry. The designed system is oriented to be used in the metal-mechanic industry of the Cevallos town, since it is at this point where it can have greater control of the contaminating element, mentioned mechanism has a loading capacity of 4Kg, 12 electromagnets that produce 5.07Kgf each one, having a total of 60Kgf.Item Diseño estructural de una silla de ruedas de bipedestación con sistema de verticalización y la incidencia en su eficiencia energética(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Diseño Mecánico, 2018) Espín Guerrero, Víctor Rodrigo; San Antonio Serrano, Thalía DaniellaThe need to rehabilitate and return to a normal life for a person with disabilities has led technology to develop tools that help improve patient independence. The project is related to the design of a manual wheelchair that allows verticalization of the person thereby improving their participation in activities that cannot develop in a sitting position, as well as improvement in physiological aspects of their body. The design parameters were determined using several logically related methodologies such as the generalized description of a product, conceptual design application criteria involving the needs of the client with the KANO method and the deployment of quality control functions (QFD). The study of anthropometric measurements was a reference for dimensioning the elements of the final product. In addition energy efficiency was achieved thru selection of components with optimum capacities and power consumption. As a complement to the energy efficiency analysis, the energy expenditure of a person with a disability is involved, which results in a standing position metabolic energy consumption of 210 W/m2, compared to the value with which it was determined in the sitting position of 165 W/m2 of metabolic consumption for the development of the different activities. In conclusion the final design proposal of the prototype, whose modeling of the structure and the validation of the results generated was done with software based on the Finite element method for a static and dynamic analysis, verified that the maximum deformation results, maximum equivalent effort and minimum safety factors are kept within the parameters permissible for the model and selected materials. The project ended with the construction and testing of a prototype which, with the processes and labor employed, invest 55.33h, which has a low manufacturing cost compared to the costs of their peers.Item Estudio de las propiedades mecánicas de los fluidos magnetoreológicos MRF-140CG para determinar su resistencia al flujo bajo la aplicación de campos magnéticos de intensidad variable(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Diseño Mecánico, 2017) Arteaga López, Oscar Bladimir; Espín Lagos, Segundo ManuelThe research assesses the extent to which the properties of MRF-140CG magnetorheological fluids are altered as the intensity of the magnetic field increases, in order to predict their behavior in devices that use these materials, thus contributing to the design of intelligent mechanical devices, each more sophisticated, reliable and efficient, according to each need. To measure the properties of the MRF-140CG fluid, a Anton Paar Physica MCR-501 rotational rheometer equipped with a MRD- 70 / 1Text magneto-rheological cell was used. From the results of the investigation, it was determined that Bingham's plastic model predicts the dynamic behavior of the MRF-140CG fluid with greater precision compared with others, with an average error rate close to 4%, demonstrating that in the absence of magnetic field the viscosity of the fluid decreases as the temperature increases, whilst under the action of a magnetic field, the resistance to the flow of the fluid increases with the intensity of the field, reaching a maximum value of 42.014 kPa at 800 mT.Item Estudio ergonómico en el puesto de operario de planta de faenamiento en la empresa H&N Huevos Naturales Ecuador S.A y su incidencia en las condiciones laborales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Diseño Mecánico, 2017) Carvajal Naranjo, Miguel Alberto; Lascano Moreta, Alejandra MarleneThe aim of the this researching was to carry out the ergonomic study in the position of operator of the slaughtering plant in the company H&N ECUADOR NATURAL EGGS A.S. and its impact on working conditions. The existence of risks in the developed activities causing musculoskeletal disorders was confirmed, and internationally recognized ergonomic assessment methods for forced postures and repetitive movements, REBA and CHECK LIST OCRA respectively, were applied. In the position of cutting chicken legs and classification there is a high risk level for forced positions and as workers perform repetitive movements in two or three positions, there are unacceptable medium and high risk levels per action by them. To establish a program for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders in the position of slaughterhouse operator to reduce the levels of risk and as a company policy to protect the workers’ health is recommended.Item Análisis de aceros y recubrimientos utilizados en tambores de mezclado de los mixers de la empresa Holcim Ambato y su influencia en el desgaste abrasivo bajo la norma ASTM G105(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Diseño Mecánico, 2017) Villacrés Padilla, David Andrés; Núñez Núñez, Diego FernandoThis research project was developed under the objective of analyzing the types of steels and coatings used in the mixing drums of the mixers of the HOLCIM company Ambato and its influence on the abrasive wear under the ASTM G105 standard, which tests were carried out from abrasive wear and an analysis of the rate of such coatings. For the development of the research, a bibliographic, field and experimental methodology was used, also exploratory and descriptive to address the study phenomenon that included 8 trials with the application of different configurations for the evaluation of the variable, besides a 40 sample scheme was developed with ASTM AISI 1020 steels and ASTM A514 grade F high strength steel corresponding to the Holcim Mixer drum, which were applied to three types of coatings such as nitrided, metallized and cemented. Due to this it was possible to conclude that the application of coatings and thermal treatments on the steels improve the characteristics and properties with respect to the abrasive wear, these processes contribute to a greater hardness and abrasive resistance. In addition, it is determined that, in the case of the amorphous tungsten alloy coating, it presents the greatest increase of hardness of the surfaces, which defines as the best treatment applicable in the steels, reason why a procedure for the recovery of the mixers according to the location of the parts of the mixer drum of the HOLCIM company.