Centro de Posgrado
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/814
Browse
15 results
Search Results
Item Arteterapia como estrategia para mejorar la calidad de vida en Adultos mayores(Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados, 2023-12-13) Illescas Tapia, Tatiana De Lourdes; Gaibor González, Ismael ÁlvaroThe main objective of this research work was to improve the quality of life of older adults of the Social Foundation (FEDIS) of the Salinas canton, province of Santa Elena, Ecuador through the application of art therapy techniques: painting, collage, theater, drawing, dance, modeling and mandalas. The research had a quantitative approach and was of a quasi-experimental type, 30 older adults between 65 and 85 years of age participated, respecting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. It was found that before the intervention 43.3% of the participants presented a very low quality of life level and 56.7% a low level, but after the intervention 10% presented a high level, 60% medium and 30% low, it was also found that the mean score before the intervention was 94.23 and after 112.53, being the difference between the pre- and post-test statistically significant, so it was concluded that the application of art therapy techniques was effective in increasing the quality of life in older adults.Item Arteterapia como estrategia terapéutica para reducir los niveles de depresión en los adultos mayores(Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados, 2023-12-12) Valle Moncayo, Víctor Hugo; Vásquez de la Bandera Cabeza, Fabricio AlejandroItem Programa de ejercicios en miembro inferior de método Perfetti en el equilibrio de adultos mayores(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrados, 2023-07-06) Quishpe Guanoluisa, Wilson Galo; Moscoso Córdova, Grace VerónicaThis research was carried out to improve balance in older adults (AM) aged between 65 to 95 years of the "Home for the Elderly Saquisili" taking into account their vulnerability to falls, the need to improve balance has been seen. and thus prevent trauma. It was carried out with 15 elderly people who were selected under inclusion and exclusion criteria taking into account their contextual reality, their availability and respecting their integrity. It is a research with a quantitative longitudinal approach in which the Berg Balance Scale was used to assess balance before and after the application of the Perfetti Method, the same one that has been used for its neurorehabilitation component, to enhance cognitive processes in the lower limbs of the AM with a projection to improve balance. The results show that a constant is maintained in the two assessments of balance (before and after the application of the Perfetti method) in relation to difficulty: the test with the least difficulty is that of "Standing without help" and the one with the greatest difficulty is that of " Standing on one foot”. By means of a paired samples test, a significance of P= 0.00 is observed when applying the Perfetti method in older adults. In conclusion, there is a direct relationship between the Perfetti Method and the improvement of balance in AM, 86.6% of AM improved their balance.Item Reeducación motora para mejorar las actividades de la vida diaria en adultos mayores(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrados, 2023-06-29) Jiménez Laverde, Paola Bibiana; Reales Chacón, Lisbeth JosefinaAlterations in postural control have a high correlation with sensory and cognitive aspects in the elderly; reflecting in the execution of the activities of daily life, due to exaggerated corrections in ankle strategies that affect speed records during walking; directly affecting the performance of activities in daily life in biped and walking. In this way, the interest arises to re-educate the upper and lower limb in older adults to improve the execution of activities of daily living; through motor control exercises. The research was of a descriptive longitudinal cohort type, under a quantitative approach on 30 older men and women who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the "My old Guaytacama" care unit. The Barthel index was applied to evaluate the activities of daily living and the level of independence of the elderly. The initial evaluation and review of the scientific evidence allowed the design of a protocol that was reviewed and validated by three experts, to be applied for 16 weeks, twice a week and lasting between 25 to 45 min per session. The results after the application of the physiotherapeutic intervention, reflect an improvement in the execution of the activities of daily living, going from severe and moderate levels of dependence to independence in all activities. In addition, significant differences were obtained between the measures (p=0.000). Concluding that the motor re-education of the lower and upper limb improves the execution of the activities of daily living and the level of independence of the elderly.Item Programa de ejercicios de perturbación dirigido al entrenamiento del equilibrio en adultos mayores de la zona rural(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrados, 2023-06-28) Sánchez Villacís, Erika Yazmín; Cedeño Zamora, María NarcizaFalls represent one of the main causes of activity limitation, participation restriction and deaths due to involuntary trauma in the elderly, becoming a serious socio-sanitary problem, which requires the development of preventive and curative interventions for associated syndromes. to this phenomenon. In this way, it was proposed to establish the effect of a program of disturbance exercises aimed at balance training in older adults, through a descriptive study, longitudinal cohort and quantitative approach, on 30 older adults who actively participate in the Home Care Unit. “A New Life: Balance, gait and risk of falls were assessed with the Tinetti scale and the TUG test. Before and after applying the disturbance program reviewed and validated by expert judgment. The results reflect a clinical improvement in balance and gait of between 1 to 6 points, as well as a decrease in the risk of falls both in the Tinetti scale and in the TUG test, which were evidenced with significant differences between measures in balance, gait and risk of falls in both the Tinetti test and the TUG test. Thus, it can be concluded that a program of disturbances improves the balance and gait of the elderly, reducing the risk of falls.Item Estrategia para fortalecer el equilibrio dinámico de los adultos mayores del Grupo Arte y Cultura de San Antonio de Ibarra mediante la danza(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2023-04-11) Armas Acosta, Eliana Salome; Miranda Peñaloza, Verónica AlexandraThere is a range of creative therapies that produce positive effects in old adults, among them, Dance provides countless benefits from different aspects. Dance allows us to have effective movements, agility, weight downloads in different joints, strength, body expression and release of endorphins, the latter are essential to maintain mental health in the elderly. This research "Strategy to strengthen the dynamic balance of the older adults of the art and culture group of San Antonio de Ibarra through dance" has a quantitative methodological approach based on the application of the Tinetti’s test in Pre-Strategy and Post-strategy. This test evaluates balance and gaitin two sections having as a result a quantitative estimate based on its results and numerical interpretations. The desing of the research was field descriptive and longitudinal type because the data was collected in the community. The study group consisted of 18 older adult women between the ages of 60 and 80, who belong to the “art and culture group of older adults of San Antonio de Ibarra”. The dance strategy was applied twice a week during four months. The application of the initial and final test showedsignificant differences, which demonstrated that the research question was correct. Dance allows us to increase mobility, muscle strength, sensory-motor stimulation; and static and dynamic balance. These results suggest that dance should be included as an option for rehabilitation and maintenance of the old adults.Item Intervención nutricional con alimentos autóctonos de la Amazonía para disminuir los niveles de sobrepeso y obesidad en los adultos mayores(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2023-04-10) Cazco Cevallos, Karla Alejandra; Quiroga Torres, Tannia ElizabethThe objective of the research is to apply a nutritional intervention with indigenous foods from the Amazon to reduce the levels of overweight and obesity in older adults of the Campesino Social Security of Vencedores; for which, the degree of overweight in the elderly of the Rural Social Security is identified through physical and medical evaluation, using a methodology based on the body mass index (BMI), which applies the height and weight of the people to determine the ideal value or weight, in this case of each elderly person. The first results show overweight in older adults; while with the application of a nutritional plan in the later an improvement is seen by reducing the overweight and raising the indicator of normal weight; These are considerable improvements due to the identified need and contribute to improving the diet of the elderly of the Rural Social Security. A food plan is also developed through the investigation of food products from the Amazon and their nutritional value, in order to reduce the levels of overweight and obesity in the elderly of the peasant social security (Annex 1), which Through the application of BMI after applying this nutritional plan, a notable improvement in health and in the indicator is observed in the elderly. To verify the above, the intake of indigenous Amazonian foods is correlated with the decrease in overweight and obesity in the elderly of the Rural Social Security, obtaining that the Pearson correlation is strong and positive with an indicator of 0.897 and a p value of 0.000 proving the study hypothesis.Item Guía de terapia ocupacional para mejorar la función de la mano en los adultos mayores(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2023-04-06) Millingalli Ortega, Mayra Lasteña; Fernández Soto, Gerardo FernandoThe older adult population is growing over the years, and with it all the conditions that come with the aging process, this includes a decrease in function, especially of the hands; In such a way, this research aims to establish an occupational therapy guide to improve the function of the hands of the elderly; by carrying out a longitudinal explanatory study of 15 older adults who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. For the design of the guide, scientific information was reviewed in different bases according to the PRISMA recommendations, obtaining 20 articles that supported the guide, in addition, the participants were evaluated with the numerical pain scale (NRS), Cochin Test and the strength test. with a dynamometer as an instrument before and after the application of the guide. The clinical results of the study demonstrated a decrease in hand pain intensity from severe to moderate and moderate to mild pain in 80% of the population, increase in grip strength by approximately 3 pounds in both right and left hands and global functionality of high and some difficulty, low difficulty on the Cochin scale. Statistically significant differences were found in pain intensity (0.006), right grip strength. (0.000) and left. (0.000) and global functionality (0.003). It is concluded that an occupational therapy guide can improve the functionality of the hands in older adults with or without mild or moderate degenerative pathologies and prevent permanent complications.Item Plan de actividades de entretenimiento para mejorar el estado funcional y cognitivo de los adultos mayores(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2023-04-04) Vásconez Espín, Patricia Estefanía; Martínez Freire, Angélica MaricelaOlder adults are in a stage of life in which there are a large number of changes and a difficulty to adapt to them, the result of the passage of time is reflected in physical and cognitive deterioration which can lead to disabilities, through the entertainment activities that are fulfilled in free time, it is sought to maintain the autonomy of the population studied, in addition to improving the quality due to guaranteeing healthy aging. Objective: To design a plan of leisure activities in the functional state of older adults that motivates them to be part of a healthy old age. Materials and methods: quantitative approach because it will use the Barthel scale to assess the level of dependence of the elderly, the MiniMental Test to assess intellectual capacity and global cognitive performance, we worked with a group of 49 older adults from the parish of Santa Rosa. Results: it was evidenced that after applying the plan of entertainment activities designed, older adults improved their functional and cognitive capacity. Results: it was evidenced that after applying the plan of entertainment activities designed, older adults improved their functional and cognitive capacity. Conclusions: It was possible to structure a plan of entertainment activities with a duration of fourteen weeks, in which the older adults group with whom we worked was encouraged to adopt healthy habits in their lives that contribute positively to their daily development.Item Guía de cuidados de enfermería en adultos mayores con dependencia para disminuir el riesgo de úlceras por presión en el hogar(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2023-04-04) Atiencia Zurita, Gabriela del Rosario; Llerena Cepeda, María de LourdesPressure ulcers is a geriatric syndrome that has now become a health problem but can be prevented in 95% of cases, through education and training for caregivers or family members, injuries can be avoided. and its complications. General objective: Establish a guide for nursing care in elderly people with dependency at home to reduce the risk of pressure ulcers. Methods: It is a research with a quantitative, field, descriptive level approach with a longitudinal design. The instruments used were the Barthel scale, the Norton scale and the COCU-LCRD 23 questionnaire with a reliability of 0.852. For data analysis, the SPSS version 27 program was used. Results: the assessment of the elderly with the Barthel scale found that 52.4% have moderate dependency, 33.3% low dependency and 14.3% % severe dependency; In the assessment of the risk of pressure ulcers with the Norton scale, 52.4% were found to be at high risk, 38.1 at medium risk, and 9.5 at very high risk. Regarding the educational intervention of caregivers or family members, the questionnaire is divided into 6 items 1) Assessment of the skin: pretest with 9.5% in the posttest with 95.2%. 2) Skin care: 9.5% pretest and 100% in the posttest. 3) Pressure relief: pretest 9.5% and posttest 90.5%. 4) Diet: pretest 14.3% and posttest 95.2%. 5) Humidity: pretest 47.6% in the posttest 95.2%. 6) Friction: 19.0% in the pretest and 95.2% in the posttest. Conclusion: Education for caregivers or relatives with dependent older adults helps prevent the development of health complications such as pressure ulcers.