Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

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    Evaluación del efecto de la enzima Cel6D de Paenibacillus barcinonensis en la degradación de residuos agroindustriales
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) Zurita Gancino, Joaquín Fernando; Cerda Mejía, Liliana Alexandra
    The accumulation of agro-industrial residues generated by agricultural activity in Ecuador represents a significant environmental challenge because inadequate management can cause contamination and affect public health. The use of specific enzymes for cellulose degradation has been widely studied. Thus, this study focused on evaluating the effect of the enzyme Cel6D from Paenibacillus barcinonensis on the degradation of these residues, seeking a biotechnological alternative for their use and reduction of environmental impact. The methodology employed included the construction of a vector for the expression of the enzyme in Escherichia coli, followed by purification by affinity chromatography. The enzymatic activity of Cel6D was evaluated on various swollen and non-swollen agro-industrial substrates. The results showed that the enzyme presented enhanced enzymatic activity on swollen substrates, highlighting a yield of 1.84 49 milliunits of cellulose activity per milligram on cocoa husk and 1.49 49 milliunits of cellulose activity per milligram on rice bran, suggesting that swelling facilitates the access of the enzyme to cellulose. It was concluded that Cel6D is effective in the degradation of agro-industrial wastes, especially when the substrates are treated by acid swelling to increase its accessibility. This research highlights the importance of optimizing the swelling and purification processes to maximize enzyme activity and its potential application in biorefineries, thus contributing to a circular and sustainable economy in waste management in Ecuador.
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    Evaluación del contenido proteico del raquis de la palma africana (Elaeis guineensis) utilizando Aspergillus niger
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-03) Dumas Verduga, Lisbeth Cristina; Fernández Rivero, Danae
    The rachis of the African palm (Elaeis guineensis) is considered one of the most difficult by products to handle in oil extractors, as it is a solid material that causes environmental pollution; however, with biotechnological advances, this residue can be used to give it value added. That is why in the present work a protein increase of the rachis of E. guineensis was carried out, for which a physicochemical characterization of the substrate was made, determining pH, moisture percentage and protein concentration. In addition, the Aspergillus niger fungus was isolated from organic lemon residues, which was characterized macroscopically and microscopically to later use it in solid state fermentation. In the investigation, four media were formulated using a 2 to 2 factorial design, where it was determined that the concentration of the inoculum (5000 and 50 000 conidia per gram at least 1 of media) and the fermentation time (8 and 12 days) significantly influence the protein enrichment of E. guinnensis, being the medium with a concentration of 50 000 conidia per gram at least 1 and 8 days of fermentation the one that reached optimum values of 15,48 mg per mL at least 1 in the protein concentration and 1,20 g per mL at least 1 for the biomass concentration. Finally, the kinetic parameters of A. niger were determined to know its behavior, obtaining a specific growth rate of 0,13 hours at least 1 and a doubling time of 5,35 hours.
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    Evaluación fisicoquímica y cinética de producción de biomasa de dos tipos de levaduras Saccharomyces cerevisiae y Saccharomyces bayanus en la fermentación alcohólica de una bebida a base de mandarina (Citrus reticulata) y cidra (Sechium edule)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2023-03) Vallejo Orozco, Yadira Alexandra; Garcés Moncayo, María Daniela
    Alcoholic drinks made from fruit have become popular in recent years. The purpose of this work is to identify the optimal formulation both in alcoholic yield and in biomass production of two types of yeast S. cerevisiae and S. bayanus. 12 treatments were prepared at three concentrations of cidra and tangerine juices (75:25, 50:50, 25:75) for each of the yeasts. During the fermentative stage, the treatments were monitored for pH, acidity, Brix degrees and cells per milliliter. At the end of the fermentation the percentage of ethanol was obtained. The results of the fermentation indicated that the treatments A0B0R2 and A0B0R1 obtained 9 and 10 percent alcoholic strength respectively, in volatile acidity the A2B1R1 treatment was the only one that exceeded the maximum permissible limit according to the INEN 374 standard with a value of 2.52 g. Acetic acid per Liter. The methanol determination showed that the A0B0R1 and A1B0R2 treatments were negative while the A0B0R2 and A1B0R1 samples were positive for methanol. When comparing the biomass kinetics, it was determined that S. bayanus has a higher biomass production, faster cell growth rate and shorter generation time, while S. cerevisiae produced a higher percentage of ethanol in the combination of 75:25 cidra- tangerine. Therefore, in this study it was determined that the best treatment to produce an alcoholic beverage based on citron and tangerine is A0B0R1, as it has a percentage of ethanol of 10 percent.
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    Caracterización de los residuos de cacao generados con potencial valor, para su uso en la industria alimentaria, en el cantón Santo Domingo, provincia de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2023-03) Torres Castro, Johanna Pamela; Pérez Salinas, Ruth Narcisa
    Cocoa is a natural resource with a high demand worldwide, which in turn has generated a high production of agroindustrial waste, only in the year 2022, more than 5,226 metric tons of cocoa were processed globally for consumption. The general objective of this research was to characterize the cocoa residues generated with potential value for use in the food industry through the use of biotechnological tools. The importance and timeliness of the study was based on the use of the residues generated when processing cocoa, as well as the results of the bromatological analysis and the common use that people give to these residues. The methodology was of a qualitative-quantitative approach and descriptive, using as data a survey applied to a stratified sample of 274 people in the industry, as well as a documentary review and the analysis of the bromatological composition of cocoa waste. Under the research line of agri-food production and environment. It was concluded that the husk is a potential antioxidant due to its high content of polyphenols, which, together with the husk, are an important source of fiber, and the mucilage of sugars; the residues are also used as fertilizers for the field and converted into flour for animal feed. Biotechnology also offers alternatives such as solid and surface fermentation where residues can be used as substrates for microorganisms in the production of biocomposites and edible fungi.
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    Aprovechamiento de residuos orgánicos obtenidos en invernaderos de la provincia de Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-09) Villacis Chiliquinga, Saul Elías; Fernández Rivero, Danae
    The development of greenhouse crops has increased in Ecuador in recent years, the main cultivated species are S. lycopersicum L (tomato), Cucumis sativus L (cucumber) and Capsicum anmuum L (pepper), of which it is estimated that the production of organic waste is around 151705.5 tons in the country, for which, the present bibliographic review focused on identifying possible alternatives for the use of agricultural waste as a source of extraction of metabolites and biomass for the production of biocomposites of biotechnological interest. The results of the research show that tomato fruits have a high content of lycopene, which can be extracted from a solid-liquid extraction with a mixture of hexane-ethanol-acetone solvents and by maceration in vegetable oil, methodologies that They allow to extract more than 90 percent of the lycopene from the tomato fruit, in addition, the possibility of using the biomass residues of the three species as a source for the generation of compost enriched with Cry proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria through solid state fermentation was evaluated. (FES), which are widely recognized for their ability to act as a non-phytotoxic insecticide. In conclusion, the research determined that agricultural residues produced in greenhouses can be used as a source of biocomposites of biotechnological interest in the country's food and agricultural industry.
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    Modelación matemática para la predicción de biomasa residual húmeda por efecto de poda, en las plantaciones de Persea americana del cantón Patate
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-03) Aguaguiña Paguay, Oscar Mateo; García Pazmiño, María Eugenia
    The objective of this research was to obtain a mathematical model for the prediction of residual biomass due to pruning in Persea americana (avocado) plantations from easily measurable dendrométric variables in the field. This species that has been cultivated in Ecuador due to its high consumption, which leads to accelerated forest growth, where pruning is carried out to control productivity, generating a considerable amount of organic waste that causes poor disposal and burning of the same, producing waste and gases that affect the planet's biosphere. Mathematical models for the prediction of wet residual biomass were presented applying the multiple linear regression technique, based on three variable selection criteria, where the statistical descriptions were analyzed and thus a regression model was selected from the selection step by step backwards to describe the behavior of the experimental data, given that it met most of the acceptance assumptions except for multicollinearity. Specifically, the model provides satisfactory results for this field with a determination coefficient of 62.68 percent, from the equation that involves the use of variables such as crown height, total height, stem diameter, crown diameter. The mathematical model was validated using the Cross-Validation technique, concluding that the data estimated by the model presented a good correlation with the real data.
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    Determinación de tipos de biomasa con potencial energético para la producción de biogás de los residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU) en la ciudad de Salcedo
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2017-05) Garcés Sánchez, Sonia Estefanía; Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
    In the preliminary part of the project Estimation of the energetic potential by thermal-physical analysis of urban solid waste (USW) of the city of Salcedo and anaerobic digestion with infrared radiation. A multiple kind of biomass with energetic potential for biogas production from solid urban waste was determined by classifying the USW in this city, the quantification of the percentage contribution of each kind of waste, and the application of the mathematics models for the determination of the generation of flow of biogas. The classification included 9 types of waste, which only 4 were considered as biomass (easy and fast anaerobic degradation), the contribution of the biomass was 63% of the total of the sampled waste (720 kg) during 36 days. The application of the mathematics models was carried out with the projection of weights of the waste from 2015 to 2030. The Ecuadorian model had the best annual average of biogas production flow (〖9,62x10〗^4 m^3) and consequently an energetic value per year of 〖4,86x10〗^5 kWh.