Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

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    Modelación de cinéticas de congelamiento mediante enfriamiento por inmersión en diferentes soluciones para camarón, atún, uvilla, arándano, brócoli
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) Jima Jiménez, Josselyn Karina; Cadena Carrera, Santiago Esmiro
    The food industry faces the constant challenge of preserving the quality of perishable products. The study of freezing kinetics in foods such as shrimp, tuna, goldenberry, blueberry, and broccoli is essential for optimizing preservation processes and ensuring product quality. Freezing slows down chemical and enzymatic reactions, extending the shelf life of food while preserving its nutritional and sensory properties. The freezing rate is a key factor influencing the final product quality. Rapid cooling promotes the formation of smaller ice crystals, which reduces cellular and tissue damage, thereby maintaining texture and flavor. Techniques such as immersion in cryogenic solutions have proven to be efficient in achieving rapid and uniform freezing. Research on freezing kinetics is crucial for optimizing food preservation processes and ensuring the quality of products delivered to consumers. The immersion technique in cryogenic solutions stands out as an efficient alternative for freezing various foods while preserving their properties and extending their shelf life. However, further research is needed to adapt freezing techniques to the specific characteristics of each food product and to develop more precise mathematical models that allow for better prediction of food behavior during the freezing process.
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    Optimización del proceso de enraizamiento in vitro de arándano (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivar Biloxi
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Tubón Pilatasi, Yadira Michelle; Sánchez Garnica, Manoella Alejandra
    Blueberries have gained popularity owing to their health benefits. Ecuador, with more hours of sunlight and the absence of time zones, offers a favorable environment for enhancing and expanding these crops. However, there are significant obstacles to the limited and expensive availability of plant materials. This problem arises because conventional propagation cannot cope with the demand for plants owing to the difficult rooting of explants caused by physical and physiological stress. In this context, plant micropropagation is a viable solution. This technique allows large-scale seedlings to be obtained from cuttings, thereby overcoming the limitations of conventional propagation. Therefore, this research aims to optimize the in vitro rooting process of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Biloxi variety. To achieve this, we will evaluate disinfection treatments, culture media, and phytohormone levels. The objective was to facilitate ex vitro establishment and meet the growing demand for plants. The best disinfection treatment was 2 percent sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 15 min. Under these conditions, 9 percent contamination, 91 percent viability, and 7 percent oxidation were observed. In addition, treatments with WPM yielded better results, with an average of eight leaves and a shoot length of 1,409 cm. In addition, 84 percent rooting was evident, with an average root length of 3.24 cm and 11.76 roots per explant using 1.5 mg per L of the phytohormone AIB.
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    Optimización del proceso de enraizamiento in vitro de arándano (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivar Biloxi
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Guamán Chito, Mary Gissela; Sánchez Garnica, Manoella Alejandra
    Blueberries have gained popularity owing to their health benefits. Ecuador, with more hours of sunlight and the absence of time zones, offers a favorable environment for enhancing and expanding these crops. However, there are significant obstacles to the limited and expensive availability of plant materials. This problem arises because conventional propagation cannot cope with the demand for plants owing to the difficult rooting of explants caused by physical and physiological stress. In this context, plant micropropagation is a viable solution. This technique allows large-scale seedlings to be obtained from cuttings, thereby overcoming the limitations of conventional propagation. Therefore, this research aims to optimize the in vitro rooting process of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Biloxi variety. To achieve this, we will evaluate disinfection treatments, culture media, and phytohormone levels. The objective was to facilitate ex vitro establishment and meet the growing demand for plants. The best disinfection treatment was 2 percent sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 15 min. Under these conditions, 9 percent contamination, 91 percent viability, and 7 percent oxidation were observed. In addition, treatments with WPM yielded better results, with an average of eight leaves and a shoot length of 1,409 cm. In addition, 84 percent rooting was evident, with an average root length of 3.24 cm and 11.76 roots per explant using 1.5 mg per L of the phytohormone AIB.
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    Evaluación de medios de cultivo y fitohormonas para la inducción de callogénesis a partir de dos explantes de arándano (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cv. Biloxi
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Peralta Lluglla, Oscar David; De la Torre Olvera, Helena Maritza
    Blueberry consumption has increased its demand at international and national level, healthy plants are necessary efficient, therefore, this research seeks to evaluate culture media and phytohormones for the induction of callogenesis from two blueberry explants (Vaccinium corymbosum L) cv. Biloxi. Blueberry leaves and flowers that had undergone a disinfection process were introduced. In addition, leaves from plants established under in vitro conditions were evaluated. Woody plant medium was used as a base to formulate a total of thirteen treatments to which enrichers and different concentrations of phytohormones were added. The percentage of callus induction and the percentage of embryogenic calli, their morphological characteristics and their viability were evaluated. The results showed that the leaves taken ex vivo were not viable for callus development. No significant differences were found in the doses of 2,4D and KIN used in flowers. In leaves, the dose of 2 milligrams per litre of 2,4D gave callus with slightly better characteristics and the concentration of 3 milligrams per litre of KIN also showed a slight favourable difference. In conclusion, the composition of the medium, the hormone interaction, the type of explant and their interactions have a significant effect on the rate of callus induction. Furthermore, the best explant for efficient callus development is the flower, which provides favourable characteristics for a subsequent process of complete differentiation of the blueberry plant.
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    Evaluación de medios de cultivo y fitohormonas para la inducción de callogénesis a partir de dos explantes de arándano (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cv. Biloxi
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Changoluisa Arguero, Dayanna Mishel; De la Torre Olvera, Helena Maritza
    Blueberry consumption has increased its demand at international and national level, healthy plants are necessary efficient, therefore, this research seeks to evaluate culture media and phytohormones for the induction of callogenesis from two blueberry explants (Vaccinium corymbosum L) cv. Biloxi. Blueberry leaves and flowers that had undergone a disinfection process were introduced. In addition, leaves from plants established under in vitro conditions were evaluated. Woody plant medium was used as a base to formulate a total of thirteen treatments to which enrichers and different concentrations of phytohormones were added. The percentage of callus induction and the percentage of embryogenic calli, their morphological characteristics and their viability were evaluated. The results showed that the leaves taken ex vivo were not viable for callus development. No significant differences were found in the doses of 2,4D and KIN used in flowers. In leaves, the dose of 2 milligrams per litre of 2,4D gave callus with slightly better characteristics and the concentration of 3 milligrams per litre of KIN also showed a slight favourable difference. In conclusion, the composition of the medium, the hormone interaction, the type of explant and their interactions have a significant effect on the rate of callus induction. Furthermore, the best explant for efficient callus development is the flower, which provides favourable characteristics for a subsequent process of complete differentiation of the blueberry plant.
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    Evaluación de la vida útil de un extracto con propiedades antioxidantes obtenido de hojas de arándano (Vaccinium corymbosum)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Aguilar Sisalema, Jennifer Victoria; Fernández Rivero, Danae
    Interest in the use of natural products has increased in recent years due to the therapeutics proprieties they can have on health, one of them being antioxidant activity. Among these products are extracts that can be made from plant waste; however, to ensure their quality, it is necessary to determine their shelf life. One of waste with antioxidants of natural origin, specifically phenolic compounds, are blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) leaves. Ultrasound-assisted extraction was used to obtain the extract, where the use of a 70 percent ethanol concentration, a ratio of 1 gram of plant matter to 10 milliliters of solvent and a temperature of 50 degrees Celsius made it possible to obtain a higher concentration of phenolic compounds with a value of 136,85 milligrams of gallic acid per gram of dry weight. Subsequently, its antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH method, where an inhibition of 80,78 percent was recorded, while in Trolox equivalents it was 476,93 micromoles per gram of dry weight, which is considered as a high antioxidant activity of this plant species. Finally, the shelf life on the extract when stored in amber glass jars at a refrigeration temperature ranging from 2 to 8 degrees Celsius was found to be 2,02 weeks, following first order kinetic modelling with a rate constant of 0,0413 per week.
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    Optimización del protocolo de micropropagación in Vitro de arándano (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) var. Biloxi a partir de segmentos nodales
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2023-03) Cepeda Cahuatijo, José Vicente; Vargas López, José Homero
    The blueberry (Vaccinium sp.) is a native fruit from North America and distributed throughout of the world. The consumption of this fruit has increased by 70 percent due to the beneficial properties, it provides to those who eat it, highlighting among them anti-diarrheal, anti-inflammatory and astringent properties due to its tannin content. The general objective was to optimize the in vitro blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) micropropagation protocol from nodal segments based on variations in concentrations of phytoregulators, volume of nutrient medium, and explant density. An experimental design was used, dividing the test into 4 stages: disinfection, introduction, multiplication and rooting. The model applied was the design of Latin squares. It was determined that in the introduction stage the sowing of nodal segments presented 60 per cent viability, 0 per cent contamination by fungi and bacteria and 85 per cent potential oxidation. While, in the multiplication stage, a growth rate of 113 per cent was obtained, whose best treatment was number 8. For the multiplication stage, the highest growth rate was obtained with the use of 2.0 milligrams per liter of cytokinin, 30 milliliters of culture medium and density of the explants equal to 30. While, for the rooting stage, the highest index was obtained at a concentration of 2.5 mg per L of indolebutyric acid, 800 mg per L of activated carbon and explant density equal to 20.