Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/412

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Evaluación de la producción de luteína en el cultivo de Chlorella vulgaris bajo condiciones de laboratorio
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2026-07)
Lascano Chango, Darwin Alexander
;
Fernández Rivero, Danae
Currently, interest in microalgae has increased due to their potential as a source of bioactive compounds that can be applied in functional foods and nutraceutical supplements. Research on pigments produced by these microorganisms is highly relevant. For example, lutein has antioxidant properties that are beneficial for eye health, and its importance in biotechnology has generated interest in its production under controlled conditions. In the present study, experimental cultures of Chlorella vulgaris grew in standard BBM medium and in medium with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations reduced by fifty percent, under low and high light intensities: two thousand six hundred thirty-eight lux and five thousand two hundred sixteen lux, respectively. Cell density was monitored for twenty-two days to determine the best treatment, with the aim of adding two promoters under that condition for lutein production: sodium acetate and acetic acid. This carotenoid was quantified using spectrophotometric methods with ninety-six-well microplates. The results showed that cultures grown in standard medium under high light intensity reached the highest cell densities and showed a prolonged exponential phase. Lutein production was higher in treatments with an organic carbon source, although cultures without promoters also presented detectable amounts of lutein. The combination of a balanced medium and controlled light conditions proved to be efficient for maximizing biomass and the content of bioactive pigments.
Efecto de la alteración de la comunidad microbiana del suelo en la respuesta a estrés por sequía del maíz (Zea mays L)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2026-01)
Taipanta Erazo, Yadira Stefania
;
Sánchez Garnica, Manoella Alejandra
Drought is one of the most critical abiotic factors affecting agricultural production, especially in key crops such as maize (Zea mays L.), which is essential for food and economic security in countries like Ecuador. Consequently, climate change intensifies the frequency and duration of drought periods, significantly reducing crop yields and presenting considerable challenges for agriculture. Therefore, it is imperative to develop effective strategies to mitigate the effects of water stress on crops. This study analyzes the impact of soil microbiota manipulation on maize’s response to water stress. To achieve this, the compounds Dazomet and Vancomycin are used, which induce fungistasis and bacterial inhibition under controlled conditions. Maize plants are grown in soil treated with these compounds, and physiological parameters such as relative water content and proline accumulation, which are indicators of water stress, are subsequently evaluated. The results show that treatment with Dazomet and Vancomycin enhances maize tolerance to water stress, improving water retention and proline accumulation. These findings highlight the importance of soil microbiota in plant adaptation to drought, suggesting that manipulating these microbial communities could constitute an effective strategy to enhance crop resilience in the face of water scarcity.
Efecto de la aplicación de una comunidad microbiana de un suelo con historial de sequía en la arquitectura radicular del maíz (Zea mays) bajo estrés por sequía
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2026-01)
Sulqui Zumbana, Wellington Mauricio
;
Sánchez Garnica, Manoella Alejandra
Drought represents the main abiotic threat to global food security, drastically impacting corn (Zea mays) productivity. Faced with this challenge, the use of beneficial microorganisms associated with the rhizosphere emerges as a key biotechnological strategy. The overall objective of this research project was to analyze the effect of applying a microbial community native to soil with a history of drought on the root system architecture (RSA) of corn under water stress. The methodology was implemented under controlled greenhouse conditions, with an experimental design that involved testing treatments inoculated with the native microbial community compared to sterile controls, all subjected to irrigation suspension upon reaching the V5 phenological stage. The study focused on determining root architecture parameters through image analysis (Rhizo Vision Explorer and Image J) to quantify morphological plasticity and hydraulic efficiency. The results showed that inoculation mitigated water stress by acting as a biostimulant that increased early plant vigor by 64 percent. Under drought conditions, inoculated plants maintained an avoidance strategy, sustaining leaf water homeostasis. This tolerance was supported by aggressive phenotypic plasticity that increased rooting depth and promoted a significant increase in the total length of lateral roots. Crucially, a hydraulic adaptation was induced that manifested itself in the expansion of the metaxylem vessels, ensuring axial conductivity and allowing an optimal balance in the root vs. shoot ratio. It is concluded that the microbial community confers a comprehensive reprogramming that combines intensive root exploration with high vascular water transport efficiency, mitigating growth failure under water deficit.
Desarrollo de una comunidad microbiana sintética para inducir tolerancia a la sequía en papa (solanum tuberosum)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-07)
Palacio Viteri Luis Francisco
;
Sánchez Garnica Manoella Alejandra
Agriculture faces a growing threat due to the intensification of drought events, which affect up to fifty-five percent of global agricultural production and generate losses exceeding ten billion dollars annually. In this context, potato, a staple food in the Andean region, is highly vulnerable to water stress conditions, especially in affected areas such as Ecuador, where considerable economic losses have been recorded. In response to this problem, the overall objective of this study was to develop a synthetic microbial community from soils with a history of drought, capable of inducing tolerance to water deficits in potato plants. To this end, microorganisms were extracted from the soil, and a bacterial cocktail was formed that was metagenomically characterized. This consortium was then inoculated into potato plants grown in a greenhouse under controlled irrigation and drought conditions using a completely randomized experimental design. The results revealed that the inoculated plants had higher leaf water retention, higher proline content, more efficient recovery after rehydration, and better structural development than the controls without microorganisms. The application of adapted microbial communities represents a sustainable biotechnological alternative that improves water stress tolerance and promotes plant growth, thereby reducing the use of agrochemical inputs and increasing the resilience of potato crops to climate change.
Desarrollo de una comunidad microbiana sintética para inducir tolerancia a la sequía en papa (solanum tuberosum)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025)
Gavilanes Caluña Karen Adriana
;
Sánchez Garnica Manoella Alejandra
Agriculture faces a growing threat due to the intensification of drought events, which affect up to fifty-five percent of global agricultural production and generate losses exceeding ten billion dollars annually. In this context, potato, a staple food in the Andean region, is highly vulnerable to water stress conditions, especially in affected areas such as Ecuador, where considerable economic losses have been recorded. In response to this problem, the overall objective of this study was to develop a synthetic microbial community from soils with a history of drought, capable of inducing tolerance to water deficits in potato plants. To this end, microorganisms were extracted from the soil, and a bacterial cocktail was formed that was metagenomically characterized. This consortium was then inoculated into potato plants grown in a greenhouse under controlled irrigation and drought conditions using a completely randomized experimental design. The results revealed that the inoculated plants had higher leaf water retention, higher proline content, more efficient recovery after rehydration, and better structural development than the controls without microorganisms. The application of adapted microbial communities represents a sustainable biotechnological alternative that improves water stress tolerance and promotes plant growth, thereby reducing the use of agrochemical inputs and increasing the resilience of potato crops to climate change.
Evaluación de la producción y conservación de bacteriófagos líticos de Salmonella enterica con medios de cultivo económicos y sustancias crioprotectoras alternativas
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02)
Romero Rovayo, Nathaly Johanna
;
Calero Cáceres, William Ricardo
Bacteriophages represent an alternative for the elimination of potentially pathogenic microorganisms. However, their use involves numerous stages that include selection, generation of high phage titers, preservation, characterization, and assessments of their effectiveness. These processes require a significant financial investment in culture media and preservation methods, which could limit their applicability in scaling up. Therefore, in this study, cost-effective culture media were generated and alternative cryoprotective substances were used to improve the efficiency in obtaining and preserving high phage titers, thus facilitating their future industrial use. The formulation of culture media was carried out, using the avian-origin strain S. enterica serovar Infantis S11V23 as the host, and the bacteriophage Berlinvirus sp. F6_melonhead. Initially, the behavior of the bacteria and the phage against each formulation was analyzed. Finally, alternative cryoprotective substances were employed to evaluate the preservation of the titer over a period of 56 days at temperatures of 4, 20, and -70 degrees Celsius. The feasibility of obtaining bacterial and phage biomass using cost-effective culture media based on malt extract and brewer's yeast extract was proven, being effective for generating high phage titers. Furthermore, the stability of the bacteriophages at -70 Degrees Celsius was achieved using de-lactosed milk as a cryoprotective substance. The results highlight the possibility of scaling up bacteriophage production with limited resources and greater efficiency in generating bioproducts for the control of S. enterica useful for the poultry industry.
Caracterización de la producción de metabolitos secundarios por microorganismos fotosintéticos
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02)
Lalaleo Camino, Christian Josué
;
García Solís, Mario Daniel
Global population growth has driven demand for food resources, causing a negative environmental impact through the expansion of agriculture and livestock farming. In response, photosynthetic microorganisms have been highlighted as an alternative source of bioactive compounds, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and pigments. This project evaluated the impact of carbon and nitrogen on the growth kinetics, production of proteins, carbohydrates, and pigments of the CLMR1 isolate, as well as its influence on cell morphology. Autotrophic and mixotrophic cultures were carried out, using carbon dioxide with two organic carbon sources (ethylene glycol and sodium acetate) and different concentrations of sodium nitrate (0, 0.625, 1.25 and 2.5) grams per liter. The most outstanding results were observed in the culture with 2.5 grams per liter of sodium nitrate and ethylene glycol, achieving the highest cell concentration (21,000,000 cells per milliliter), maximum amount of carbohydrates (1015.78 micrograms per milliliter) and the highest synthesis of chlorophyll. and carotenoids (0.274 and 0.207 micrograms per milliliter). Additionally, treatment with 2.5 grams per liter of sodium nitrate and sodium acetate produced the highest protein concentration (2.31 micrograms per milliliter). However, cultures without sodium nitrate showed the lowest synthesis of each metabolite and the minimum biomass production (200,000 cells per milliliter). Morphological changes were evident in the cells, highlighting the importance of optimal culture conditions for the synthesis of metabolites and their application in the sustainable production of high-value biomolecules.
Análisis genómico de los bacteriófagos líticos f6 y f14 de Salmonella enterica Serovar Infantis
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02)
Gavilanes Tiban, Joselyn Micaela
;
Calero Cáceres, William Ricardo
Food contamination by Salmonella represents an emerging global public health crisis, with poultry farms being the principal reservoirs of this pathogen. The excessive use of antibiotics on these farms contributes to the increase in antibiotic resistance. In response to this situation, lytic bacteriophages emerge as a promising alternative for the biocontrol of Salmonella. However, it is essential to perform a detailed analysis of the complete genome of these bacteriophages before their implementation, in order to identify the presence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes that could affect the safety of their in vivo implementation. In this study, two lytic bacteriophages of S. enterica serovar Infantis, named F6_melonhead and F14_guaytamphage, were sequenced using third-generation Oxford Nanopore technology. Genomic characterization revealed that F6 has a length of 29,097 bp and a GC content of 48.57 percent, encoding 30 functional proteins, while F14 has a length of 59,339 bp, a GC content of 56.44 percent, and encodes 49 functional proteins. In both bacteriophages, the presence of genes producing toxins, bacterial virulence factors, or antibiotic resistance genes was ruled out. Genetic comparison and phylogenetic analysis placed F6_melonhead and F14_guaytamphage within the Berlinvirus and Chivirus genera, respectively. These findings position F6_melonhead and F14_guaytamphage as promising candidates for the biocontrol of Salmonella in the poultry sector in Ecuador.
Análisis genómico de los bacteriófagos líticos f6 y f14 de Salmonella enterica Serovar Infantis
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02)
Altamirano Cisneros, Karen Analía
;
Calero Cáceres, William Ricardo
with poultry farms being the principal reservoirs of this pathogen. The excessive use of antibiotics on these farms contributes to the increase in antibiotic resistance. In response to this situation, lytic bacteriophages emerge as a promising alternative for the biocontrol of Salmonella. However, it is essential to perform a detailed analysis of the complete genome of these bacteriophages before their implementation, in order to identify the presence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes that could affect the safety of their in vivo implementation. In this study, two lytic bacteriophages of S. enterica serovar Infantis, named F6_melonhead and F14_guaytamphage, were sequenced using third-generation Oxford Nanopore technology. Genomic characterization revealed that F6 has a length of 29,097 bp and a GC content of 48.57 percent, encoding 30 functional proteins, while F14 has a length of 59,339 bp, a GC content of 56.44 percent, and encodes 49 functional proteins. In both bacteriophages, the presence of genes producing toxins, bacterial virulence factors, or antibiotic resistance genes was ruled out. Genetic comparison and phylogenetic analysis placed F6_melonhead and F14_guaytamphage within the Berlinvirus and Chivirus genera, respectively. These findings position F6_melonhead and F14_guaytamphage as promising candidates for the biocontrol of Salmonella in the poultry sector in Ecuador.
Producción de bioetanol utilizando biomasa de un cultivo mixto de microalgas como materia prima
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2022-09)
Carrera Ocampo, Miguel Ángel
;
García Solís, Mario Daniel
The biotechnological potential of microalgae in biofuels production continues to be a promising alternative to face the current energy crisis. This research project aimed to use the biomass of a mixed microalgae culture to produce bioethanol, for which the biomass production using industrial by-products as additional sources of carbon in the culture media was evaluated, and the optimal conditions for the acid hydrolysis of the carbohydrates contained in the microalgal biomass were determined. The mixotrophic cultures, composed of carbon dioxide and cheese whey or ethylene glycol as carbon sources, allowed the generation of higher biomass yields (1.38 and 0.60 milligrams per milliliter) in comparison with the autotrophic culture using carbon dioxide solely (0.50 milligrams per milliliter). Regarding the acid hydrolysis of carbohydrates, the higher release of reducing sugars per dry biomass (0.27 milligrams per milligram) was obtained using 2.0 percent volume-volume sulfuric acid. Additionally, it was determined that it is possible to obtain a higher amount of reducing sugars from the biomass obtained in the culture medium supplemented with ethylene glycol (0.30 milligrams per milligram). Finally, ethanol was produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae at a concentration per dry biomass of 0.35 milligrams per milligram with a process yield of 82 percent from the fermentation of the sugars present in the biomass hydrolysate obtained from the culture with ethylene glycol. The results support the use of the biomass of the microalgae consortium as an efficient alternative to produce third-generation bioethanol.

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