Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/412

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Efecto de la alteración de la comunidad microbiana del suelo en la respuesta a estrés por sequía del maíz (Zea mays L)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2026-01)
Taipanta Erazo, Yadira Stefania
;
Sánchez Garnica, Manoella Alejandra
Drought is one of the most critical abiotic factors affecting agricultural production, especially in key crops such as maize (Zea mays L.), which is essential for food and economic security in countries like Ecuador. Consequently, climate change intensifies the frequency and duration of drought periods, significantly reducing crop yields and presenting considerable challenges for agriculture. Therefore, it is imperative to develop effective strategies to mitigate the effects of water stress on crops. This study analyzes the impact of soil microbiota manipulation on maize’s response to water stress. To achieve this, the compounds Dazomet and Vancomycin are used, which induce fungistasis and bacterial inhibition under controlled conditions. Maize plants are grown in soil treated with these compounds, and physiological parameters such as relative water content and proline accumulation, which are indicators of water stress, are subsequently evaluated. The results show that treatment with Dazomet and Vancomycin enhances maize tolerance to water stress, improving water retention and proline accumulation. These findings highlight the importance of soil microbiota in plant adaptation to drought, suggesting that manipulating these microbial communities could constitute an effective strategy to enhance crop resilience in the face of water scarcity.
Efecto de la aplicación de una comunidad microbiana de un suelo con historial de sequía en la arquitectura radicular del maíz (Zea mays) bajo estrés por sequía
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2026-01)
Sulqui Zumbana, Wellington Mauricio
;
Sánchez Garnica, Manoella Alejandra
Drought represents the main abiotic threat to global food security, drastically impacting corn (Zea mays) productivity. Faced with this challenge, the use of beneficial microorganisms associated with the rhizosphere emerges as a key biotechnological strategy. The overall objective of this research project was to analyze the effect of applying a microbial community native to soil with a history of drought on the root system architecture (RSA) of corn under water stress. The methodology was implemented under controlled greenhouse conditions, with an experimental design that involved testing treatments inoculated with the native microbial community compared to sterile controls, all subjected to irrigation suspension upon reaching the V5 phenological stage. The study focused on determining root architecture parameters through image analysis (Rhizo Vision Explorer and Image J) to quantify morphological plasticity and hydraulic efficiency. The results showed that inoculation mitigated water stress by acting as a biostimulant that increased early plant vigor by 64 percent. Under drought conditions, inoculated plants maintained an avoidance strategy, sustaining leaf water homeostasis. This tolerance was supported by aggressive phenotypic plasticity that increased rooting depth and promoted a significant increase in the total length of lateral roots. Crucially, a hydraulic adaptation was induced that manifested itself in the expansion of the metaxylem vessels, ensuring axial conductivity and allowing an optimal balance in the root vs. shoot ratio. It is concluded that the microbial community confers a comprehensive reprogramming that combines intensive root exploration with high vascular water transport efficiency, mitigating growth failure under water deficit.
Obtención de una emulsión con capacidad antioxidante a partir de acetogeninas extraídas de la hoja de guanábana (Annona muricata L)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-07)
Vallejo Ruiz Leslie Mishell
;
Fernández Rivero Danae
The lack of knowledge of the bioactive properties of agro-industrial waste represents a potential waste of valuable natural resources. In Ecuador, approximately 1.38 million tons of soursop are produced annually, equivalent to millions of kilograms of leaves, a by-product discarded during the fruit harvest. Faced with this challenge, new alternatives for utilizing the soursop leaf native to the Sierra region as a potential antioxidant have been explored. In this study, leaf extracts were obtained from a three-factor experimental design, where ethanol concentration, extraction time, and the mass-to-volume ratio of solvent were evaluated. The acetogenic content was determined by the colorimetric method using annonacin, and treatment with 70 percent ethanol for 30 minutes and a mass-to-volume solvent ratio of 1 in 10 was established as the extract with the highest acetogenic content of 70.903 milligrams equivalent per gram of dry weight. The antioxidant capacity of the best extract was evaluated using the DPPH assay, where 71.185 percent inhibition was obtained. A stable emulsion was created that preserves the extract's antioxidant capacity, demonstrating that this type of formulation can be useful and effective. This suggests that this agro-industrial residue could be valorized in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, promoting the use of natural resources.
Evaluación de la capacidad antioxidante y antiinflamatoria de polifenoles microencapsulados procedentes del ataco (Amarantus Quintesis)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-07)
Gómez Villegas Lady Mireya
;
Pérez Aldás Lander Vinicio
The use of bioactive compounds derived from native plants has gained importance due to their potential in the formulation of functional and therapeutic products. In this research, Amaranthus quitensis was utilized as a natural source of polyphenols, compounds known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Incorporating these substances into stable formulations offers a sustainable and effective alternative to synthetic additives while promoting the valorization of underutilized Andean species. Leaves and flowers of the plant were dried, ground and subjected to solid-liquid extraction using hydroalcoholic solutions under different concentrations and extraction times. The extract with the highest phenolic content was concentrated and microencapsulated by spray drying, using maltodextrin and gum arabic as polymeric matrices. Encapsulation efficiency was evaluated quantitatively and through infrared spectroscopy. Antioxidant capacity was assessed using the DPPH method, and antiinflammatory activity was determined by protein denaturation inhibition assays. The extract showed a high concentration of phenolic compounds and an adequate encapsulation efficiency. The microencapsulated product preserved much of its antioxidant activity and displayed significant anti-inflammatory effects, confirming its viability as a functional ingredient. These findings support the biotechnological application of Amaranthus quitensis in the development of innovative products and promote the rational use of native plant resources.
Desarrollo de una comunidad microbiana sintética para inducir tolerancia a la sequía en papa (solanum tuberosum)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-07)
Palacio Viteri Luis Francisco
;
Sánchez Garnica Manoella Alejandra
Agriculture faces a growing threat due to the intensification of drought events, which affect up to fifty-five percent of global agricultural production and generate losses exceeding ten billion dollars annually. In this context, potato, a staple food in the Andean region, is highly vulnerable to water stress conditions, especially in affected areas such as Ecuador, where considerable economic losses have been recorded. In response to this problem, the overall objective of this study was to develop a synthetic microbial community from soils with a history of drought, capable of inducing tolerance to water deficits in potato plants. To this end, microorganisms were extracted from the soil, and a bacterial cocktail was formed that was metagenomically characterized. This consortium was then inoculated into potato plants grown in a greenhouse under controlled irrigation and drought conditions using a completely randomized experimental design. The results revealed that the inoculated plants had higher leaf water retention, higher proline content, more efficient recovery after rehydration, and better structural development than the controls without microorganisms. The application of adapted microbial communities represents a sustainable biotechnological alternative that improves water stress tolerance and promotes plant growth, thereby reducing the use of agrochemical inputs and increasing the resilience of potato crops to climate change.
Desarrollo de una comunidad microbiana sintética para inducir tolerancia a la sequía en papa (solanum tuberosum)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025)
Gavilanes Caluña Karen Adriana
;
Sánchez Garnica Manoella Alejandra
Agriculture faces a growing threat due to the intensification of drought events, which affect up to fifty-five percent of global agricultural production and generate losses exceeding ten billion dollars annually. In this context, potato, a staple food in the Andean region, is highly vulnerable to water stress conditions, especially in affected areas such as Ecuador, where considerable economic losses have been recorded. In response to this problem, the overall objective of this study was to develop a synthetic microbial community from soils with a history of drought, capable of inducing tolerance to water deficits in potato plants. To this end, microorganisms were extracted from the soil, and a bacterial cocktail was formed that was metagenomically characterized. This consortium was then inoculated into potato plants grown in a greenhouse under controlled irrigation and drought conditions using a completely randomized experimental design. The results revealed that the inoculated plants had higher leaf water retention, higher proline content, more efficient recovery after rehydration, and better structural development than the controls without microorganisms. The application of adapted microbial communities represents a sustainable biotechnological alternative that improves water stress tolerance and promotes plant growth, thereby reducing the use of agrochemical inputs and increasing the resilience of potato crops to climate change.
Evaluación in vitro de la capacidad antioxidante de los componentes bioactivos microencapsulados provenientes del hongo Hericium erinaceus
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02)
Cajiao Valdivieso, Jannis Naomi
;
López Hernández, Orestes Darío
The mushroom Hericium erinaceus is a macromycete renowned for its bioactive properties, including antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective capacities, positioning it as a promising resource for improving human health. This study evaluated the optimal extraction conditions of its bioactive components and analyzed the antioxidant properties and microencapsulation efficiency of the extracted compounds. Using dried and ground samples of H. erinaceus, four extraction treatments were conducted, with treatment T2 (boiling water for 2 hours at a 1:20 ratio) yielding the best results. Spectrophotometric methods determined the concentrations of polyphenols (7.04 milligrams of gallic acid per gram of dry basis) and polysaccharides (20.76 milligrams of glucose per gram of dry basis), while antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH method, achieving a 70.77 percent inhibition and an antioxidant capacity of 3.23 micromoles of Trolox per gram of dry basis. Additionally, the microencapsulation of bioactive compounds was validated using FTIR spectroscopy, confirming the interaction between the active compounds and the polymeric matrix. The results demonstrate that H. erinaceus extracts rich in polyphenols and polysaccharides exhibit significant antioxidant activity, highlighting their potential as functional foods. This study expands the understanding of the mushroom's bioactive properties, confirming its viability as an alternative to enhance human health in Ecuador, particularly in addressing challenges related to malnutrition and oxidative stress.

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