Ciencias Agropecuarias
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/870
Browse
12 results
Search Results
Item Efecto del paico (Chenopodium ambrosoides) en el control de nematodos en caninos (Canis lupus familiaris)(2025-02) Freire Silva Marco Antonio; Borja Caicedo Byron EnriqueThe objective of this study was to evaluate the antiparasitic effect of Paico (Dysphania ambrosoides) 500 mg tablets in canines (Canis lupus familiaris). Forty-eight dogs from the Patitas Nobles Foundation, located in Ambato, were used, distributed in four sections with three blocks in each section, and four canines per block. The animals received Paico 500 mg tablets, administered in a single dose of 10, 15 and 20 mg/kg. Coprological examinations were performed using the Willis direct single flotation technique to identify parasites and egg counts present in fecal samples using the McMaster chamber. The examinations were performed before treatment and 7 days after tablet administration. Two parasite species were identified: Toxocara canis and Trichuris vulpis. The results showed that the effectiveness of treatment with Paico tablets increased with the dose administered, reaching a reduction of 39.65 % for T. canis and 49.62 % for T. vulpis with the 20 mg/kg dose. These results suggest that Paico tablets at higher doses may be a promising option for the control of intestinal parasites in canines, although further studies are required to optimize the doses and administration regimen.Item Factores de riesgo asociados a enfermedades causadas por nematodos y cestodos endoparásitos en cerdos en el Centro de Faenamiento Pelileo(2024-10) Lascano Gualpa, Rosa Obdulia; Almeida Secaira, Roberto IsmaelIncidence of internal parasites affects pig production, which not only causes significant economic losses in livestock production worldwide, but also implies a risk to the health of people involved in this type of industry and consumers of meat. of pork. Thus, the present study was carried out in order to analyze the risk factors associated with diseases caused by endoparasite nematodes and cestodes in pigs at the Pelileo Slaughter Center during the period 2023-2024. Diagnosis of parasite species was carried out following the procedures established by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Agriculture and Fisheries with its attached entity AGROCALIDAD (Agency for Phyto and Zoosanitary Regulation and Control). The species were found: Ascaris sp. and Hyostrongylus sp. (Nematoda) and larval phase of Cisticercus tenuicollis and the hydatidic cyst (Cestoda) mainly associated with the liver of pigs. The highest prevalence was observed for Ascaris sp. infections (21.07%) followed by larvae of Echinococcus granulosus (19.73%) and Hyostrongylus sp. (5.87%), while double Ascaris-Hyostrongylus infections were relatively low (1.33%) as well as infections by hydatidic cysts (1.07%). Regarding risk factors, it was found that age was associated with the prevalence of parasites, being higher in pigs less than 1 year old. Regarding the location within the host, parasites were mainly found in organs that make up part of its biological cycle. On the other hand, no association was found with the sex of the host. According to the results, the prevalence of Ascaris and metacestods of Echinococcus seems to be related to herd management factors, however, this aspect requires investigation.Item Prevalencia de nematodos gastrointestinales en bovinos faenados en el Camal Municipal de Lago Agrio(2023-09) Salazar Quishpe, Edgar Javier; Borja Caicedo, Byron EnriqueThe present investigation was carried out in the Municipal Camal of Lago Agrio with the purpose of establishing the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in slaughtered cattle and the economic impact due to the confiscation of viscera, the flow of animals was taken into account for 8 weeks to determine a estimated population and generate a total sampling of 445 samples; 206 in males and 239 in females by means of a qualitative stool analysis, a detailed inspection of the white viscera was carried out in search of macroscopic alterations at the intestinal level, which were the presence of nodules, ischemic areas and necrosis, causing the confiscation of the white viscera. Except for the rumen, a total of 36 seizures were made in males and 53 in females for a total of 89 seizures between intestines and omasum, which are purchased by dealers in the slaughterhouse at a price of $10 per unit, which gives a total of losses. of $890 US dollars from the total sampled population. Regarding the samples, around 50% of the bovine daily population of the Municipal Camal was taken for their respective analysis, these were taken postmortem directly from the viscera previously identified, they were transported in a cooler at a temperature of 4 to 8 °C for be analyzed in the laboratory of the "San Francisco" veterinary clinic located in the Lago Agrio canton, for which the flotation technique with saline solution was used for the microscopic observation of eggs and larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes and to determine the prevalence of the population total and by sex to obtain 68.31% of positive samples; in males a prevalence of 66.82% was reported and in females 69.82 positive to gastrointestinal nematodes in the larval stage or eggs. It was stipulated that the presence of gastrointestinal nematodes in the canton is due to factors such as inefficient sanitary plans, high contamination by these agents in pastures, non-rotation of animals, and the continuous introduction of animals without the corresponding sanitary measures.Item Evaluación de tres patrones con resistencia a nematodos en tomate riñón (Solanum lycopersicum) Var. Eterei(2022-03) Andrade Llambo, Bryan Daniel; Curay Quispe, Segundo EuclidesThe present research work was carried out with the objective of evaluating three patterns: Olimpo, Monarca and Briomino to resistance to nematodes for the kidney tomato crop (Solanum lycopersicum L.), the same that was carried out in the Chiquicha parish, Pelileo canton, Tungurahua province, Located at an altitude of 2400 meters above sea level, with geographic coordinates of 1 ° 16 '0 "S South Latitude and 78 ° 31' 60" W West Longitude. The present research work was arranged in a randomized block design (DBA), with a factorial arrangement of 3 + 1 with four repetitions. The data were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and then the data were examined using the 5% Tukey significance tests. In order to acquire the information, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used, with comparison tests of Tukey's mean at 5%, and using the statistical program Infostat. For the number of nematodes, the treatment P3 (Briomino Pattern) is located in the first place with an average of 48 nematodes in 20 ml of sample, located in the range A. The same treatment stands out for plant height in centimeters, being located in the First place with an average of 191 centimeters in height, ranking in rank A. The same pattern stands out in stem diameter in centimeters, ranking first with an average of 2.72 centimeters in diameter, occupying rank A. On the other hand On the other hand, for the number of fruits, P1 (Olimpo Pattern) is located in the first place with an average of 4.03 fruits, occupying the rank A, it also occurs in fruit weight with an average of 654.23 grams of fruit weight. Finally, for the root volume variable, P3 (Briomino Pattern) stands out again, placing it in range A with a mean of 90.13 ml. In conclusion, the best pattern for nematode control is P3 (Briomino Pattern), but the use of P1 (Olympus Pattern) is recommended, since nematode control is also outstanding, but mainly because the productivity values of tomato are better than the other patterns discussedItem Caracterización morfológica de las especies de nematodos fitoparásitos asociadas en el cultivo de tomate riñón (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) en la provincia de Cotopaxi cantón Salcedo(2018) Taipe Lema, Jorge Alex; Vásquez Freytez, CarlosThe cultivation of tomato kidney (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) is limited by the effect of pests, diseases. So the current research aims to study the morphology of the genes of nematodes associated with tomato crops in the province of Cotopaxi, during the months of September, October, November and December 2017. The data extracts were made according to the phenological stages of the crop: vegetative development (22-50 days), flowering (51-80 days) and fruiting (81-100 days). By means of the centrifugation - flotation method that is the method of extraction of the nematodes from the soil, they were extracted, then the nematodes present were identified and quantified. The genera found were Cricomenoides, Telotylenchus, Tylenchus, Meloidogyne, Aphelenchus, Globodera, Trichodorus and Nacobbus. In the first stage (vegetative development) they present all genera Cricomenoides, Telotylenchus, Tylenchus, Meloidogyne, Aphelenchus, Globodera, Trichodorus and Nacobbus, in different sampling sites (Salache, Rumipamba and Patain) and in the second and third stages (flowering- fructification) present the same nematodes with the exception of TrichodorusItem Identificación de nematodos fitoparásitos asociados al cultivo de rosa (rosa sp), en el sector Lasso provincia de Cotopaxi(2018) Rocha Rocha, Luis Bolívar; Pérez, MarcoEl presente trabajo de investigación se realizó con el objetivo de identificar las diferentes especies de nematodos fitoparásitos que se encuentran asociados al cultivo de rosa (Rosa sp), en el sector Lasso, provincia de Cotopaxi, barrio Saquimalag mediante los respectivos muestreos de suelo en cuatro variedades de cultivares de rosa. Para la investigación se procedió a la colección de muestras y llevadas a laboratorio para ser analizadas mediante la extracción. El método conocido del embudo de Baerman y el método de Centrifugación, se analizó daños radiculares como fisiopatias mediante la extracción de la planta en su totalidad, se colectó la muestra de raíz completa pura. La morfometría de los especímenes se preparó laminas microscópicas semipermanentes y fueron observadas al microscopio de contraste de fase (leica DM1000) y por último la identificación de las especies,se tomó en cuenta el estado adulto del nematodo para analizar longitud de cuerpo, estilete, cabeza y cola, la identificación de género de acuerdo al tipo de esófago , tamaño de cola del nematodo y tipo de estilete. En la investigación no se aplicó ningún diseño experimental ya que el cultivo está establecido se realizó el estudio en laboratorio, teniendo en cuenta los factores en estudio de cuatro variedades de cultivares de rosa y como tratamientos dos fincas florícolas, para el análisis de datos se utilizó programas estadísticos y relacionados a los cálculos matemáticos y porcentuales.Item Biofumigación con brassicaceas para el control de nematodos en el cultivo de papa(2018) Silva Araujo, Claudio Damian; Curay, SegundoThe present research work was carried out with the objective of determining the effect of the four types of brassicaceae for the control of nematodes in the potato crop, the same that was carried out on the property of Mrs. Targelia Silva, in the Province of Tungurahua Cantón Quero, in the Community of Gualcanga San Nicolás. According to the Global Positioning System (GPS) is at the altitude of 3 309 meters above sea level and at the geographic coordinates: latitude 01 ° 22'48 "S and longitude 78 ° 36'34" W”. The experimental design of randomized complete blocks with a factorial arrangement of 4 x 2 + 1 and three repetitions was used. In addition, the analysis of variance (ADEVA) was performed, according to the experimental design, Tukey significance tests were performed at 5%. . The variables evaluated were: number of nematodes at 0 days, number of dead nematodes at 40, 80, and 120 days, root volume at 30, 60, and 90 days of potato cultivation, height of the plant at 30 -60 -90 days of potato cultivation, number of tubers per plant, number of first tubers and identification of nematodes. The best results in the parameters measured were obtained with mustard brassicaceae (Sinapis, alba), with a dose of 9kg / m², with averages of 23.33%, 13.33%, 20.00%, in the mortality percentage of the nematodes at 40, 80 and 120 days. In the root volume of the potato crop at 30 and 60 days did not present statistically significant differences, at 90 days the brassicacea white turnip (Brassica rapa) was the one that recorded the best root volume, with an average of 70.00 cc. Plant height presented the best results with the brassicaceae turnip lila (Brassica rapa), with 33.33cm, 56.33cm and 75cm stockings at 30, 60 and 90 days respectively. The number of tubers per plant, the best result is presented with yellow turnip (Brassica rapa), with an average of 20.67. Number of first tubers show the best results the turnip lila (Brassica rapa) and the yellow turnip (Brassica rapa), with averages of 7.00 and 6.33, probably due to the fact that the substances present in the soil of the crop decreased the percentage of pathogens which had a positive impact on its development and the nematode with the greatest presence in the potato crop was Globodera sp, which could be identified in the soil samples.Item Aplicación de extractos vegetales de palo bobo (Nicotiana glauca), clavel chino (Tagetes patula) y mostaza (Sinapis alba) para el control de nematodos en el cultivo de tomate riñón (Lycopersicum esculentum).(2018) Chango Chato, Luis Fernando; Curay, SegundoThe present research was carried out with the objective of determining the effects of plant extracts of Palo bobo (Nicotiana glauca), Chinese carnation (Tagetes patula) and mustard (Sinapis alba) for the control of nematodes in tomato kidney culture (Lycopersicum esculentum), the same that was carried out on the property of Mrs. Marlene Chato, located in the Cunchibamba parish, Pucarumi neighborhood, Ambato city, Tungurahua province. Its geographic coordinates are 01º 11 '27' 'of South latitude and 78º 61' 25 '' of West longitude, to an altitude of 2767 msnm. For the evaluation, a completely randomized block design (DBCA) was applied, in a factorial arrangement of 3 x 2 + 1 with three repetitions, and the analysis of variance (ADEVA) was carried out, according to the experimental design, the tests were carried out of significance of Tukey at 5%, to differentiate between treatments, no statistical differences were obtained but mathematical differences were obtained. The following results were obtained: for the variable number of nematodes (NM) at 85 and 170 (DDT) there was a decrease of nematodes in the treatments of MF1 (Mustard, Frequency of 20 Days) with an average of 15,33 and PbF1 (Palo bobo, Frequency of 20 days) with an average of 6,33 nematodes; in the variable number of galls per root (NAR) the best results were obtained in the treatment of ChF1 (Chinese carnation, Frequency of 20 Days) with an average of 4,29 and PbF2 (Palo bobo, Frequency of 40 days) with an average of 2,79; for the root volume variable the best results were the treatment of PbF2 (Palo bobo, Frequency of 40 days) with an average of 61,38 cm3 and MF1 (Mustard, Frequency of 20 days) with an average of 77,71 cm3 ; in the stem length variable the best treatment was PbF2 (Palo bobo, Frequency of 40 days) with an average of 120,71 cm and 239,79 cm. and for the stem diameter variable the best treatments were MF2 (Mustard, Frequency of 40 days) with average of 1,11 cm and MF1 (Mustard, Frequency of 20 days) with an average of 1,57 cm; finalizing that the best extracts for the control of nematodes were the treatments ofItem Efecto in vitro del extracto de Albizia lophantha sobre los nematodos gastrointestinales de equinos(2015) Chicaiza Tisalema, Edisson Giovanni; Almeida, RobertoEl uso de plantas con propiedades antihelmínticas, es una manera de contrarrestar el uso indiscriminado de desparasitántes químicos. Entre las plantas y arbustos forrajeros nativos o de otra localidad tienen la capacidad de aportar nutrientes de buena calidad, ya que también producen metabolitos secundarios que muestran efecto sobre los NGI en los animales. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la actividad antihelmíntica in vitro del extracto de Albizia lophamtha sobre NGI de equinos. Para lo cual se tomaron muestras de heces de 10 caballos parasitados y fueron analizadas mediante la técnica de Mc Master. Se hizo una siembra y cultivo de huevos de NGI de equinos en cajas Petri de cultivo celular, para cultivar larvas de primer (L1) y segundo estadio (L2). El extracto de Albiziza lophantha fue empleado en tres dosis (T1: 0 mg de extracto/mL de cultivo (mg/mL), T2: 0.04 mg/mL, T3: 0.08 mg/mL, T4: 0.12 mg/mL). Se llevó acabo un diseño completamente al azar utilizando cuatro tratamientos con seis repeticiones. Las variables fueron analizadas según el diseño empleado mediante el PROC GLM del SAS. La comparación de medias se la realizó mediante la prueba de Tukey en el paquete estadístico SAS 2009. Se observó diferencias (P=0.0001) en las variables estudiadas, mayor inhibición en la eclosión de huevos (T4:43% y T3:11%) y menor supervivencia larval con dosis altas (T4: 0%, T3: 0% a las 36 y 60 horas después de aplicar el extracto respectivamente). El extracto fue eficaz en el control in vitro de nematodos gastrointestinales de caballos. Esta investigación se realizó en la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato, ubicada en el Cantón Cevallos, Tungurahua, Ecuador, a 2900 msnm.Item Efecto de la mostaza caliente en el suelo hortícola infestado por nematodos(2015) Chango Palate, Edgar Anibal; Curay, SegundoEl presente trabajo de investigación titulado “efecto de la mostaza caliente en suelo hortícola infestado por nematodos” se llevó a cabo en la provincia de Tungurahua, Cantón Píllaro, Parroquia La Matriz, Barrio La Elevación cuyas coordenadas geográficas son 01º 10’ 00” de latitud Sur y 78º 37´00” de Longitud Oeste, a la altitud de 2716 msnm del (Sistema de posicionamiento global GPS). La investigación se realizó con el propósito de evaluar los efectos de la mostaza caliente sobre la población de nematodos incorporada en suelos hortícolas en dos estados fenológicas; antes de la floración E1 y durante la floración E2; sembrada con dos métodos al voleo M1 y chorro continuo M2. Los tratamientos fueron 4, se utilizó el diseño experimental de bloques completamente al azar en arreglo factorial 2x2, con análisis grupal con tres repeticiones. Se efectuó el análisis de varianza (ADVA) y pruebas de significación de Tukey al 5%. La incorporación de mostaza antes de la floración y sembrada al voleo (E1M1), redujo la población de nematodos eliminados en 68,69 %, a diferencia del tratamiento con mostaza incorporada durante la floración y sembrada a chorro continuo (E2M2), se redujo la población de nematodos eliminados 36,61 %. La mostaza al tener compuestos activos conocidos como glucosinolatos que cuando se hidrolizan por la acción de la enzima mirosinasa dan lugar a isotiocianatos que son capaces de controlar efectivamente la cantidad de nematodos presentes en el suelo, debido a las crucíferas que tienen compuestos tóxicos como el ácido erúcico.