Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Evaluación de la preferencia de consumo y digestibilidad aparente de forrajes en conejos (Oryctolagus cunículus) de la raza californiana(2025-02) Chasi Chango Pamela Lizbeth; Aragadvay Yungan Ramon GonzaloThe purpose of this research was to evaluate the consumption preference and digestibility in rabbits with different forages as a food alternative for them, thus employing five treatments through a completely randomized design completing a 32- day study. The treatments Avena sativa (T1), Lolium perenne (T2), Medicago sativa (T3), Zea mays (T4) and Malva sylvestris (T5) presented significant differences in the various parameters studied, thus determining that when assessing consumption preference, T1 (2386g) and T3 (2513g) statistically registered the best values compared to T5 (885g), which was the treatment with a lower total consumption during the experimental period, which would determine a better palatability in the treatments with higher consumption. Likewise, in productive parameters such as weight gain, it was noted that the T3 (1027.33g) and T1 (944.67g) treatments stood out, which presented a better weight gain unlike T2 (555.67g), which registered the lowest productive values of the research. At the same time, it was determined that forages such as T1 and T3 presented a better digestibility in dry matter (63.9%) and (59.7%) respectively, organic matter (63.8%) and (48.8%) as they presented a lower content of non-digestible fiber (FDA), which indicates that being a species that practices cecotrophy presents a better use of nutrients, which did not happen with T5, which presented a lower digestibility of nutrients in DM, MO, NDF and FDA which would be aligned with the limited efficiency of this forage and the presence of secondary compounds that also affect the consumption of these forages. This is how he highlights the importance of the implementation of highly palatable forages that also provide the necessary nutrients in the species in order to obtain positive productive parameters together with good digestibility.Item Efecto de dietas a base de forrajes arbustivos: chilca y eneldo en el rendimiento a la canal y características químicas de la carne de cuy(2022-03) Larrea Heras, Ivette Gabriela; Avilés Esquivel, Diana FernandaThe objective of this research work was to evaluate the carcass yield, carcass conformati on measurements and the chemical characteristics of the meat of guinea pigs that receiv ed diets based on bush forages. The research was carried out in the Cevallos canton, usi ng 45 guinea pigs, female, chosen from the closed nucleus of native phenotypes rescued "ex situ in vivo" belonging to the farm of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Te chnical University of Ambato. Three diets were prepared: T1, T2 and T3, each with a different base; thus, for T1 the diet was 40% alfalfa (Medicago sativa), for T2 40% chilca (Baccharis floribunda) and for T3 40% dill (Anethum graveolens). Once the study was finished (45 days), the guinea pigs were sacrificed. Live weight on the farm, slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weight were recorded in order to obtain carcass yields. For linear measurements and carcass conformation, measurements of carcass length, width of the buttocks and thorax, lumbar and thoracic circumference, depth of the thorax, length of posterior limb were taken, in addition, the compactness index of the carcass was calculated. To know the cochemical characteristics, a sample was taken from the longissimus thoracis et Lumborum muscles and the rectus abdominis to be sent to the certified laboratory. In conclusion, the feeding of native guinea pigs with concentrated diets based on chilca and dill, the yields to the carcass expressed percentages of 52.53% and 54.27%, respectively, representing that there is no significant incidence in the yield to the carcass in compared with the alfalfa-based T1 that presented a carcass yield of 54.69%. In the case of linear measurements and the conformation of the carcass, they were characterized, however, they did not present significant differences between diets except in the case of compactness index, for which alfalfa reported 35.9 g / cm compared to chilca (25.35 g / cm) and dill (29.18 g / cm) respectively. Finally, regarding the chemical characteristics of the meats, it was obtained that the chilca-based diet had a lower percentage of fat with 4.59%, unlike the meat of guinea pigs fed with dill with 12.36%.Item Efecto de dietas a base de forrajes arbustivos, sobre los parámetros productivos en cuyes (Cavia porcellus)(2021-04) Lluay Guilcapi, Erika Esthefanía; Avilés Esquivel, DianaThe aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of diets based on Bush forages on the productive parameters in guinea pigs. Seventy-five male and female guinea pigs were used, weighing between 500 and 600 grams, a month and a half old, from the same population evaluating digestibility; they were distributed in three treatments: T1, T2 and T3; 5 repetitions per treatment and 5 guinea pigs per experimental unit; to evaluate voluntary nutrient intake, weigh gain and feed conversion; for 45 days. Subsequently, fifteen male guinea pigs weighing more than 750 grams were used, chosen from the “Closed nucleus of native phenotypes rescued “ex situ in vivo” of Cavia porcellus”, divided into three treatments, in which the control is included: T1 (control): Alfarine (Medicago sativa flour), T2: Chilca (Baccharis floribunda) and T3: Dill (Anethum graveolens), and 5 repetitions per treatment; this, to evaluate the apparent digestibility of nutrients, for 5 days. The guinea pigs treated with T4 (A. arborescens) did not survive during adaptation and were therefore excluded from the evaluation of this study. The digestibility of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) did not show significant differences (p>0.05) between the treatments, the highest digestibility (p<0.05) of Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) was obtained by T1 (58.57 %) and T2 (49.73 %), and that of Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) showed higher values (p<0.05) for T1 (57.60 %) and T2 (43.68 %). The voluntary intake of food, DM, OM and CP; did not show significant differences (P>0,05) between the treatments, while the voluntary consumption of NDF and ADF were higher (p<0,05) for T1 in both cases, with values of 22,85 and 13,23 grams, respectively. No statistical differences were observed between the treatments (P>0,05) for weight gains at 15, 30 and 45 days, however, the smallest feed conversion (p<0.05) was for being T1, with a value of 6,73. It was concluded that the inclusion of Chilca and dill in the diet influenced the voluntary intakes of NDF and ADF, as well as the feed conversion and digestibility of NDF, ADF and MO; furthermore, the Marco-based diet produced high mortality due to its high levels of secondary compounds.Item Evaluación de la composición de la leche de cabra (Capra aegagrus hircus) alimentada con dietas a base de forrajes arbóreos(2020-03-19) Castro Vargas, Pamela Lissette; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos AThe aim of the present research was to determine the voluntary intake, physicochemical composition and milk production of goats fed with diets based on tree forages such as Acacia black (Acacia melanoxylon) and Retama (Senna multiglandulosa). 4 goats were used during pregnancy (2 primiparous and 2 multiparous). The work was carried out in the Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias - UTA. The voluntary intake was carried out by the direct method (feed offered - feed rejected in 24 hours) every 15 days 3 consecutive days. Milk yield was evaluated every 15 days for 3 consecutive days in milking in the morning and in the afternoon. The analysis of the physicochemical composition of the milk obtained was performed using an automatic milk analyzer: LACTOSCAN, where samples of 0.5 kg per treatment were used. The digestibility of the diets was performed in vitro. Voluntary intake of DM and digestible DM no showed differences between treatments (P> 0.05). The digestibility of DM was higher (P = 0.0003) in the treatment including broom (S.multiglandulosa) (T3; 74.2%). Regarding milk yield, it was higher (P = 0.0012) in the treatment including Acacia (T2) with a production of 1.5 L/animal/day. The chemical composition of milk in analytes such as fat, non-fat solids, protein, minerals, lactose, density was not reflected significant differences (P> 0.05) between the evaluated treatments. It was concluded that by including A.melanoxylon in the diet of dairy goats it increases milk production.Item Influencia de la adición de enzimas exógenas y Saccharomyces cervisiae en las dietas de ovinos sobre la fermentación ruminal in vivo E in vitro de forrajes fibrosos(2018) Barona Calderón, María Gabriela; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos A.The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of exogenous enzymes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in four fibrous forages (barley, oats, corn panca, quinoa panca) on ruminal fermentation in vivo and in vitro in sheep. For this, 4 male crossbred (whole) male sheep were used (Bar Diamond branded cannula, Parma, Idaho, USA) of 2 inches of internal diameter and 5 inches of external diameter). The animals were housed in individual cubicles and fed a diet based on barley that met the nutritional requirements, this diet was included exogenous fibrolytic enzymes and Saccharomyces cervisiae under the following doses or treatments: T1: 0% (enzymes or yeasts ), T2: diet with 0.2% enzymes, T3: diet with 0.09% yeast, T4: diet with 0.2% enzyme + 0.09% yeast. The ruminal functions evaluated were in vitro digestibility, kinetics of ruminal degradation in vivo and in vitro gas production. It was observed that the in vitro digestibility of MS and MO showed difference (P <0.05) between the treatments. In barley, greater digestibility index was obtained in treatments T4, and T3 (P = 0.0242 and 0.0204 respectively). In the oats in T2, and T4 (P = 0.0098 and 0.0060). In the corn pan in T1 and T4 (P = 0.0111 and 0.0128) and in the quinoa panca in T2 and T3 (P = 0.0061 and 0.0052). The production of in vitro gas in MS and MO shows statistical differences between rumen liquids. Obtaining as a result that in barley and corn pan the treatments that have less index of accumulated gas production ml / 0.5g MS fermentable (GV) is T1 and T4 (P = <.0001). However, in oats the most effective were T1 and T2 (P = <.0001) and finally in the quinoa pancake T1 (<.0001). In barley the treatments that have less production of methane gas (PM) is T2 and T1(P = <.0001). In oats T2, T3 and T4 (P = 0.0003). In the corn pan T3 and T4 (P = 0.0009) and in the quinoa panca T2 and T3 (<.00460).Item Comportamiento productivo y rendimiento a la canal en conejos alimentados con forrajes arbóreos(2016) Chisag Caiza, Luis Miguel; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos AntonioThe aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of the ingestion of tree fodder on the productive behavior, also to the slaughter yield in rabbits. This research was executed at the Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias - UTA. It used 48 rabbits of 8 weeks of age, distributed at random in four experimental diets Medicago sativa (T1), Malva sylvestris (T2), Baccharis floribunda (T3), Spartium junceum (T4). It was evaluated the voluntary intake of nutrients of diets; weight gain; feed conversion; apparent digestibility of nutrients and to the slaughter yield. For the voluntary intake of organic matter T1 and T4 showed significant variance (P = 0.0001) with respect to the others treatments with values of (205.44 g and 202.92 g respectively), for the voluntary intake of raw protein the first place is for T2 (52.69) with a difference (P = 0.0001) of them others treatments, while for voluntary intake of neutral detergent fiber and voluntary intake of acid detergent fiber the treatment T1 with a difference (P = 0.0001) , was greater (81.06; 34.02). The weight gain, feed conversion and to the slaughter yield was better in treatment T2 (29.1g, 7.6 and 48.6% respectively). In them diets T1 and T2 were higher statistically (P = 0.0001) for the apparent digestibility of dry matter and apparent digestibility of matter organic with values (65.11; 67.93 and 62.72, 64.73 respectively), for the digestibility of protein raw with a significant difference (P = 0.0001) was for T1 with a value (81.77) and for ADNDF was greater in T1, followed of T2 (84.064 and 71.8). Key words: Malva sylvestris, feed conversion, weight gain, digestibility and slaughter yield