Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Evaluación del forraje verde hidropónico de cebada (Hordeum vulgare) y concentrado sobre los índices productivos en etapas de crecimiento y engorde en cuyes (Cavia porcellus)(2024-08) Villalba Chulco, Ambar Cristina; Núñez Torres, Oscar PatricioThe study evaluated the effects of different proportions of hydroponic barley green fodder (FVHC) and feed concentrate in the feeding of guinea pigs in the growth and fattening stages. The treatments were distributed in five groups: 100% FVHC + 0% feed concentrate (T0), 75% FVHC + 25% feed concentrate (T1), 50% FVHC + 50% feed concentrate (T2), 25% FVHC + 75% feed concentrate (T3) and 0% FVHC + 100% feed concentrate (T4). The results showed that T2 (50% FVHC + 50% feed concentrate) was the most balanced and effective as it obtained significant weight gain and adequate feed conversion in the growth and fattening stage. On the contrary, T0 (100% FVHC + 0% feed concentrate) and T4 (0% FVHC + 100% feed concentrate) had limitations in which the former obtained higher feed intake and higher feed conversion, demonstrating that it was not sufficient to satisfy the guinea pig's nutritional requirements. On the other hand, T4 presented lower feed efficiency throughout the study because the insufficient amount of fiber negatively affected its performance. Finally, the study emphasizes the importance of a mixed diet to ensure optimal performance and welfare of the guinea pigs.Item Evaluación de avena (Arrenatherium elatius) de corte e hidropónica sobre los índices productivos en la alimentación de cuyes (Cavia porcellus)(2022-03) Vaca Altamirano, Cristhian Ivan; Núñez Torres, Oscar PatricioThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of cutting and hydroponic oats (Arrenatherium elatius) on the productive indices in the feeding of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). A DBCA (completely randomized block design) was used, where 5 treatments were carried out with 4 repetitions and 5 animals per repetition for which it was necessary to acquire a total of 100 guinea pigs of one month, 50 males and 50 females. performed an analysis of variance (ADEVA) and significant Turkey tests at 5%. The treatments were distributed as follows: T1 (100% cut and 0% FVH), T2 (75% cut and 25% FVH), T3 (50% cut and 50% FVH), (75% cut oats and 25% FVH), T5 (25% cut and 25% FVH), T5 (100% FVH and 0% cut). The study variables were feed consumption, final weight and weight gain, mortality, carcass yield, feed conversion. The T1 and T2 showed significant differences each one with a mean of 332.41g and 329.69 g placing them in rank A of food consumption. In the evaluation of the productive indices, the best feed conversion was the T3 treatment, yielding an average of 0.86 ICA, likewise the T3 obtained an average of 662.23 g in the weight gain which was located in the range A, unlike of T4 and T1 with 588.05 and 575.15 g respectively had an AB rank. Regarding carcass performance, they did not show significant differences and mortality in the same way. Finally, in the economic analysis, Q5 reached a better benefit / cost ratio for each dollar invested, obtaining a recovery of 0.83 cents; concluding in this way that the use of FVH improves the performance of the productive parameters and a decrease in the total costs in raising guinea pigs.Item Efecto de dietas a base de forrajes arbustivos: chilca y eneldo en el rendimiento a la canal y características químicas de la carne de cuy(2022-03) Larrea Heras, Ivette Gabriela; Avilés Esquivel, Diana FernandaThe objective of this research work was to evaluate the carcass yield, carcass conformati on measurements and the chemical characteristics of the meat of guinea pigs that receiv ed diets based on bush forages. The research was carried out in the Cevallos canton, usi ng 45 guinea pigs, female, chosen from the closed nucleus of native phenotypes rescued "ex situ in vivo" belonging to the farm of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Te chnical University of Ambato. Three diets were prepared: T1, T2 and T3, each with a different base; thus, for T1 the diet was 40% alfalfa (Medicago sativa), for T2 40% chilca (Baccharis floribunda) and for T3 40% dill (Anethum graveolens). Once the study was finished (45 days), the guinea pigs were sacrificed. Live weight on the farm, slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weight were recorded in order to obtain carcass yields. For linear measurements and carcass conformation, measurements of carcass length, width of the buttocks and thorax, lumbar and thoracic circumference, depth of the thorax, length of posterior limb were taken, in addition, the compactness index of the carcass was calculated. To know the cochemical characteristics, a sample was taken from the longissimus thoracis et Lumborum muscles and the rectus abdominis to be sent to the certified laboratory. In conclusion, the feeding of native guinea pigs with concentrated diets based on chilca and dill, the yields to the carcass expressed percentages of 52.53% and 54.27%, respectively, representing that there is no significant incidence in the yield to the carcass in compared with the alfalfa-based T1 that presented a carcass yield of 54.69%. In the case of linear measurements and the conformation of the carcass, they were characterized, however, they did not present significant differences between diets except in the case of compactness index, for which alfalfa reported 35.9 g / cm compared to chilca (25.35 g / cm) and dill (29.18 g / cm) respectively. Finally, regarding the chemical characteristics of the meats, it was obtained that the chilca-based diet had a lower percentage of fat with 4.59%, unlike the meat of guinea pigs fed with dill with 12.36%.Item Efecto de dietas a base de forrajes arbustivos, sobre los parámetros productivos en cuyes (Cavia porcellus)(2021-04) Lluay Guilcapi, Erika Esthefanía; Avilés Esquivel, DianaThe aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of diets based on Bush forages on the productive parameters in guinea pigs. Seventy-five male and female guinea pigs were used, weighing between 500 and 600 grams, a month and a half old, from the same population evaluating digestibility; they were distributed in three treatments: T1, T2 and T3; 5 repetitions per treatment and 5 guinea pigs per experimental unit; to evaluate voluntary nutrient intake, weigh gain and feed conversion; for 45 days. Subsequently, fifteen male guinea pigs weighing more than 750 grams were used, chosen from the “Closed nucleus of native phenotypes rescued “ex situ in vivo” of Cavia porcellus”, divided into three treatments, in which the control is included: T1 (control): Alfarine (Medicago sativa flour), T2: Chilca (Baccharis floribunda) and T3: Dill (Anethum graveolens), and 5 repetitions per treatment; this, to evaluate the apparent digestibility of nutrients, for 5 days. The guinea pigs treated with T4 (A. arborescens) did not survive during adaptation and were therefore excluded from the evaluation of this study. The digestibility of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) did not show significant differences (p>0.05) between the treatments, the highest digestibility (p<0.05) of Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) was obtained by T1 (58.57 %) and T2 (49.73 %), and that of Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) showed higher values (p<0.05) for T1 (57.60 %) and T2 (43.68 %). The voluntary intake of food, DM, OM and CP; did not show significant differences (P>0,05) between the treatments, while the voluntary consumption of NDF and ADF were higher (p<0,05) for T1 in both cases, with values of 22,85 and 13,23 grams, respectively. No statistical differences were observed between the treatments (P>0,05) for weight gains at 15, 30 and 45 days, however, the smallest feed conversion (p<0.05) was for being T1, with a value of 6,73. It was concluded that the inclusion of Chilca and dill in the diet influenced the voluntary intakes of NDF and ADF, as well as the feed conversion and digestibility of NDF, ADF and MO; furthermore, the Marco-based diet produced high mortality due to its high levels of secondary compounds.Item Caracterización del sistema de producción de cuyes (Cavia porcellus) del cantón Cevallos(2020-01-06) Lema Yánez, Jorge Eduardo; Avilés, DianaThe objective of this study was to identify and characterize the guinea pig production systems of the families of the Cevallos Canton in the Province of Tungurahua, Ecuador. For this, 116 surveys were applied to the producers of the Union of Social Organizations of Canton Cevallos. The data obtained on the production systems, analyzed with descriptive statistics with the SPSS® program, our results showed that 50% of affected producers aged between 41 and 50 years. That is, these guinea pig production systems are managed by an adult population, being 56% managed by housewives. 44% by parents, where 66% attended primary school, 31% secondary school and 3% third level studies. 40% have received training courses on raising guinea pigs: 82% breed in ponds and 18% in cages. 100% fed alfalfa, 25% of them are supported with corn leaf and 18% balanced commercial. This guinea pig production system generates an economic movement for each family, where 73% sells the production of guinea pigs for biweekly consumption and 27% monthly. Also 21% sells for biweekly breeding ground and 79% monthly. Only 3% clean the facilities weekly, 75% biweekly and 22% monthly. The pathologies found stand out in 39% of salmonella, 26% of lymphadenitis. Of the ectoparasites, we located 26% lice and 25% mites. 100% fertilizer is used to fertilize the soils and crops of the area. It is concluded that the poultry farmers in the socio-economic aspect, more than half are female population, because they are in homes throughout the day, who rely on the generation of extra economic income. It has been detected that the members of this organization receive little training on guinea pig production, which pushes to maintain production empirically, which creates a problem in wanting to improve production in quality and quantity to meet demand and position in the best way in the local market.Item Efecto de la relación carbono/nitrógeno en el tiempo de descomposición del abono de cuy (Cavia porcellus), enriquecido(2017) Barreros Chiluisa, Edison Iván; Pérez Salinas, Marco OswaldoThe present investigation was carried out in the Province of Cotopaxi, Canton Salcedo, Parish of Mulliquindil, Barrio Pungahuito, in the property of Mr. Arturo Barreros. The land is located at an altitude of 2990 msnm, its coordinates are: South latitude 1 ° 2'13.56 '' and west latitude 78 ° 34'59.999''. This research was carried out in order to transfer a new agricultural alternative in terms of the composting of guinea pig manure, in the shortest possible time through the application of a nitrogen source in this case were tested different doses of Ammonium Nitrate and Urea To see if these salts or fertilizers could shorten the decomposition time of the fertilizer, maintaining an estimated C / N ratio of 15: 1 and 20: 1. Therefore 4 treatments and a control were made without the application of any product, to determine the best among them. The following treatments were used: T1 (Ammonium Nitrate 1.97 kg + 0.38 m3 of guinea-pig manure), T2 (Ammonium Nitrate 4.21 kg + 0.38 m3 guinea-pig manure), T3 1.43 kg + 0.38 m3 guinea pig fertilizer) T4 (Urea 3.07 kg + 0.38 m3 guinea pig fertilizer) and the Control (guinea pig fertilizer). At the end of the investigation, it was possible to conclude that the C / N ratio is not a determining factor in the fertilizer that establishes the one that is already totally decomposed, but it is the one that asserts that there is organic matter present, ready to be available minerally as Source of nitrogen absorbable by the vegetable. In addition, it was possible to accelerate the time of decomposition of the manure compost in the composting through the application of nitrogen sources, being the T4 treatment (Urea 3.07 kg + 0.38 m3 of guinea-pig manure), which presented the estimate Of the C / N ratio 15: 1 together in its best decomposition time around days 28 to 40, for application in crops with optimal texture and odor. Finally, through the laboratory analyzes, the amounts of macro and micro nutrients present in the guinea pig fertilizer could be obtained during the investigation.Item Efecto de la achira (Canna edulis) sobre el consumo voluntario y la digestibilidad aparente de nutrientes en cuyes (Cavia porcellus) en la etapa de engorde(2017) Caguana Lagua, María Hortencia; Rivera, VerónicaThe objective of this inquiry was to evaluate the effect of ingestion of the diets based on achira flour on the productive behavior, voluntary consumption and apparent digestibility of nutrients the guinea pig. This research was carried out in the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences - UTA. Twenty-eight male guinea pigs, of 8 weeks old were used, randomly distributed in four experimental diets: T1 with 0% of achira flour, T2 with 8% of achira flour, T3 with 16% of achira flour, T4 with 24% of Achira flour. Voluntary intake of nutrients from diets was evaluated; weight gain; Feed conversion and apparent nutrient digestibility. Voluntary intake of nutrients showed no difference between treatments for the following nutrients: dry matter (P = 0.0570) with 62.670 g / day in T2 being the highest value among treatments; Organic matter (P = 0.0377) for T2 with 64.933 g / day; Neutral detergent fiber (P = 0.0214) for T2 with 24,440 g / day and acid detergent fiber (P = 0.0346) for T2 11.6583 g / day. While for crude protein showed differences (P = <.0001) between treatments being the highest consumption for T2 (17.4567 g / day). Weight gain and feed conversion were better in T2 treatment with 12,607 g / day and 5.04. In the apparent digestibility, there was no difference between treatments for the following nutrients: dry matter (P = 0.7145) with 73.650 g / day in the T1 being its highest value between treatments; Organic matter (P = 0.8032) for T1 with 71.023g / day; Neutral detergent fiber (P = 0.4125) for T1 with 49.100 g / day and acid detergent fiber (P = 0.3217) for T1 39,057 g / day. While for protein (P = 0.9625) the highest consumption is for T2 with 70,295 g / day.Item Utilización del extracto de cabuya (Tzawar Mishki) como aporte energético para el desarrollo del cuy (Cavia porcellus) en la parroquia Salasaca(2016) Chango Masaquiza, María Alegría; Rivera Guerra, VerónicaThe present investigation titled "Use of agave extract (tzawar mishki) as energy support for the development of guinea pig is realized in the town of Salasaca in the area Pelileo, at an altitude of 2739 meters above sea level. This study is founded in the use of agave extract, which is a rich liquid in aminoacids and sugars like fructose, these sugars function as prebiotics which are not directed in the organism because they go to the thick intestines, intact by the lack of enzymes with the ability to break down, the action is located in the colon where it ferments and is converted into fatty acids in a short chain that reduces the pH level, but when it arrives to the thick intestine it grows in pH, generating the reduction of pathogenic bacteria. Four treatments were realized with six repetitions with 120 male guinea pigs of 30 days old and a weight average of 546,06g. In each cage 5 animals, were chosen randomly, for their identification they were pierced in the ear. For the food it was a mix if crumbs (30g/guinea pig) and agave, the inclusion of agave was 0%, 6%, 12% and 16% in the diet. Different variables were evaluated in the final weight, weight gain, consumption, food conversion and the cost benefit indicator, for this practice they used a design of complete blocks at random. At the end of this practice it obtained the following conclusions, the final weights of the treatments varied between 784.72g to 871.82g, the weight gain is in the range of 7.22g/day to 9.37g/day, the consumption of MS is of 39.08g to 36.32g between treatments and the consumption of MO is of 36.12g to 33.50g. The consumption of protein is in the range of 6.73g to 7.17g, while that the consumption of energy it varied between 90.29Kcal to 126.42Kcal between treatments. The food conversion is found in the range of 3.99 to 5.55 between treatments. These values doesn´t have statistically significant difference. The values statistically don´t have a significant difference. The benefit/cost of 1.73 to 1.75 US dollars, does not influence the production.Item Evaluación de tres sistemas de alimentación sobre el rendimiento productivo en cuyes de la línea Inti, Andina y Perú(2016) López Moposita, Roberto Javier; Kelly, GerardoItem Determinación de costos para la producción y crianza de cuyes (Cavia porcellus) en la comunidad de Jaloa El Rosario perteneciente al Cantón Quero provincia del Tungurahua(2016) Urquizo Nachimba, María Maribel; Villamarin Barragán, Darwin Rafael