Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Caracterización del sistema de producción familiar en cuyes (Cavia porcellus) en la comunidad de Teligote del cantón Pelileo(2025-02) Arevalo Castro Morelia Isabel; Kelly Alvear Gerardo EnriqueThe objective of this research was to characterize the family production system in the community of Teligote, located in the canton of Pelileo, province of Tungurahua. For this purpose, a survey was applied to 88 producers distributed throughout the community. The information collected was processed in the Excel program. The results indicated that guinea pig raising is mainly in the hands of women, with 80.7% participation. Of all those surveyed, it is estimated that there are between 4,400 guinea pigs, including females, males and gazapos, which indicates that each producer has, on average, around 50 animals. The predominant age of the producers varies between 41 and 60 years, representing 48.9% of the total. In terms of educational level, 68.2% of the farmers have completed primary education, 14.8% have basic reading and writing skills, 9.1% have not received any schooling and 7.9% have a high school education. The predominant genetic line is Creole, with 97.7%, and most guinea pigs are raised in cages (56.8%), due to their low cost. Guinea pig feed is based mainly on fodder such as cow's tongue, barley, plantain, holco, dandelion and chilca, which are available in fences, ditches in the area and other surrounding land with other crops (63.6%), of this percentage 13.6% do not have their own grass, while the remaining 36.4% feed with alfalfa and corn leaf, adding that 86. In addition, there is a high incidence of ectoparasites; lice in 89.8%, and in addition to lice, mites are also present in 68.2%. In addition, 89.8% of the farmers do not deworm their guinea pigs, which reflects a lack of interest in sanitary management. In relation to reproductive management, 85.2% of the producers do not have adequate control, which results in inbreeding, such as mating between parents and daughters or between siblings, increasing the levels of inbreeding, and 14.8% are dedicated only to breeding and fattening. Finally, 95.4% sell their guinea pigs; however, the sale prices range between 4 and 7 dollars for guinea pigs older than 6 months, which reflects the low profitability.Item Evaluación del forraje verde hidropónico de cebada (Hordeum vulgare) y concentrado sobre los índices productivos en etapas de crecimiento y engorde en cuyes (Cavia porcellus)(2024-08) Villalba Chulco, Ambar Cristina; Núñez Torres, Oscar PatricioThe study evaluated the effects of different proportions of hydroponic barley green fodder (FVHC) and feed concentrate in the feeding of guinea pigs in the growth and fattening stages. The treatments were distributed in five groups: 100% FVHC + 0% feed concentrate (T0), 75% FVHC + 25% feed concentrate (T1), 50% FVHC + 50% feed concentrate (T2), 25% FVHC + 75% feed concentrate (T3) and 0% FVHC + 100% feed concentrate (T4). The results showed that T2 (50% FVHC + 50% feed concentrate) was the most balanced and effective as it obtained significant weight gain and adequate feed conversion in the growth and fattening stage. On the contrary, T0 (100% FVHC + 0% feed concentrate) and T4 (0% FVHC + 100% feed concentrate) had limitations in which the former obtained higher feed intake and higher feed conversion, demonstrating that it was not sufficient to satisfy the guinea pig's nutritional requirements. On the other hand, T4 presented lower feed efficiency throughout the study because the insufficient amount of fiber negatively affected its performance. Finally, the study emphasizes the importance of a mixed diet to ensure optimal performance and welfare of the guinea pigs.Item Prevalencia de ectoparásitos artrópodos de cuyes (Cavia porcellus) y su control con Beauveria bassiana en condiciones de laboratorio(2024-08) Altamirano Cevallos, Daniela Dessire; Vásquez Freytez, Carlos LuisProduction of guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) can be affected by different factors, including skin problems, especially ectoparasites, which also predispose to secondary infections. Given the high incidence of ectoparasites, constant control measures are required, which are generally done through the use of chemical products. Therefore, in this research, the prevalence of ectoparasitic arthropods in guinea pigs in the Cevallos municipality and their control with Beauveria bassiana in laboratory conditions were evaluated. Firstly, samples were taken in the different localities in Cevallos (Vinces, Jesús del Gran Poder, Barrio La Amistad, Las Playas, Andignato, Tambo, San Pedro, Mirador, Santo Domingo, La Floresta, Belén, Santa Rosa and Agua Santa) to identify the ectoparasite species. The effect of different concentrations of a commercial product based on the entomopathogenic fungus (Beauvetic) was then evaluated: D1= 1x105 conidia (T1), D2= 1x106 conidia (T2), D3= 1 x107 conidia (T3) and a control treatment (D0) was used. Three species of ectoparasites associated with guinea pigs were identified in the different locations in the Cevallos canton, two species of mites of the genus Ornithonyssus (Ornithonyssus sp1 and Ornithonyssus sp2) and one species of chewing louse, Trimenopon hispidum, within the Trimenoponidae family. In general, mites showed a higher prevalence than lice in all the sampled areas. The effect of increasing the different concentrations of B. bassiana on the mortality of the two species of ectoparasitic mites was demonstrated, being greater when used at concentrations of 1x107 and 1x108 conidia/ml in both species of Ornithonyssus, which were significantly higher than in the rest of the treatments. Given the results obtained under in vitro conditions, it is suggested to evaluate its control effect with direct applications on guinea pigs in order to assess its safety for the animal.Item Efecto de la dosis de un inmunocastrador en hembras Cavia Porcellus sobre los índices productivos(2023-03) Bonilla Remache, Henrry Geovanny; Avilés Esquivel, Diana FernandaThe objective of the research work was to evaluate the effect of the dose of an immunocastrator in Cavia Porcellus, females on the productive indices, the experiment was carried out at the PRODUCUY Farm in the Salcedo Canton, three treatments were used: T1 (control), T2 (0.15 cc) and T3 (0.25 cc); which were inoculated subcutaneously with the INNOSURE immunocastrator, a first dose was administered at 30 days of age, and the second 15 days later, the evaluation lasted 70 days, daily weight gain values were recorded for T1 11.1 g, T2 11.4 g, T3 10.7 g, total weight gain of 444.1 g for T1, 456.6 g for T2 and 429.5 g for T3, with a feed conversion of 5.0, 4.8 and 5.0, for each treatment respectively, which shows that there were no significant differences between groups, in the same way the carcass yield (%) was identified as follows: 72.0 for T1, 72.3% for T2 and 70.9% for T3, and although there are significant differences in the C/B variable, the control T and T1 (0.15 cc) did not indicate losses in the experiment, because each dollar invested was recovered, a difference from T3 with a C/B of 0.90, this because there was no significant increase in productive parameters, research c It is concluded that the subcutaneous inoculation of the INNOSURE immunocastrator in female guinea pigs did not influence the productive parameters (weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, carcass yield and cost benefit (C/B)).Item Efecto de dietas a base de forrajes arbustivos: chilca y eneldo en el rendimiento a la canal y características químicas de la carne de cuy(2022-03) Larrea Heras, Ivette Gabriela; Avilés Esquivel, Diana FernandaThe objective of this research work was to evaluate the carcass yield, carcass conformati on measurements and the chemical characteristics of the meat of guinea pigs that receiv ed diets based on bush forages. The research was carried out in the Cevallos canton, usi ng 45 guinea pigs, female, chosen from the closed nucleus of native phenotypes rescued "ex situ in vivo" belonging to the farm of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Te chnical University of Ambato. Three diets were prepared: T1, T2 and T3, each with a different base; thus, for T1 the diet was 40% alfalfa (Medicago sativa), for T2 40% chilca (Baccharis floribunda) and for T3 40% dill (Anethum graveolens). Once the study was finished (45 days), the guinea pigs were sacrificed. Live weight on the farm, slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weight were recorded in order to obtain carcass yields. For linear measurements and carcass conformation, measurements of carcass length, width of the buttocks and thorax, lumbar and thoracic circumference, depth of the thorax, length of posterior limb were taken, in addition, the compactness index of the carcass was calculated. To know the cochemical characteristics, a sample was taken from the longissimus thoracis et Lumborum muscles and the rectus abdominis to be sent to the certified laboratory. In conclusion, the feeding of native guinea pigs with concentrated diets based on chilca and dill, the yields to the carcass expressed percentages of 52.53% and 54.27%, respectively, representing that there is no significant incidence in the yield to the carcass in compared with the alfalfa-based T1 that presented a carcass yield of 54.69%. In the case of linear measurements and the conformation of the carcass, they were characterized, however, they did not present significant differences between diets except in the case of compactness index, for which alfalfa reported 35.9 g / cm compared to chilca (25.35 g / cm) and dill (29.18 g / cm) respectively. Finally, regarding the chemical characteristics of the meats, it was obtained that the chilca-based diet had a lower percentage of fat with 4.59%, unlike the meat of guinea pigs fed with dill with 12.36%.Item Caracterización del sistema de producción de cuyes (Cavia porcellus) en la provincia de Tungurahua, cantón Mocha(2020-09) Chávez Tapia, Ricardo Ismael; Aviles Esquivel, DianaThe objective of this study was to identify and characterize the production systems present in the Mocha canton, Tungurahua province. For the study, surveys were applied to 124 producers belonging to the sectors of El Porvenir, Acapulco, El Rosal and Yanahurco. Data processing was performed using the Excel® program and was analyzed in the SPSS® program. The data showed that 50.8% of the cavicultores correspond to the family-commercial system, the female gender being predominant with 76.6% as manager of the shed, with ages that vary within the range of 30 to 40 years, being 32.3%. The majority of cavicultores, 98.4%, have completed primary school, but only 27.4% completed secondary education. The genetic lines that are handled with the majority, 85.5%, correspond to commercial lines, where we can highlight the Inti, Peru, Andina and Macabeo lines. The producers, in their entirety, feed their animals with alfalfa, which represents 100%, which is planted by themselves and some add corn leaf by 61.3%. In the marketing aspect, 66.13% indicates that they make sales every two weeks at a weight of 1200 to 1400 grams, with a value of 6 to 7 dollars, while, in the commercialization of the foot of breeding, the cavicultores manifest, in a 94 %, that they do not have a specific sale time, but sell them when requested and carry out this activity in their own homes. The facilities vary between pools, cages and mixed, with 54.8%, 31.5% and 13.7%, respectively, the latter being made with different materials such as brick, block and wood; and the facilities are disinfected every 30 days. Due to the lack of knowledge of new techniques applicable in the management of guinea pig production, it was observed that their animals suffer from health problems caused by ectoparasites such as scabies and lice, in addition to pathologies such as salmonellosis and lymphadenitis, factors that result in a decrease in production and decrease in income.Item Evaluación de un residuo líquido orgánico obtenido de un biodigestor en el rendimiento del cultivo de cebolla de rama (Allium fistulosum Linnaeus).(2019-06) Freire Freire, Klever Edisson; Muñoz, ManoloThe research work entitled "Evaluation of an organic liquid residue obtained from a biodigester in the performance of the branch onion crop (Allium fistulosum Linnaeus)" was carried out in order to identify the effects of liquid waste from guinea pigs obtained by a biodigester in Onion cultivation in the parameters of production, this research was carried out on the property of Mr. Bolívar Freire Paredes, from the sector of Surangay, corresponding to the Huambaló parish, Tungurahua Province, at an altitude of 2 968 meters above sea level The randomized block design was applied, in factorial arrangement 3 * 3 + 1 with 3 repetitions, in addition Tukey significance tests were performed at 5% for the treatments that were significant, the following results were obtained: plant height variable the treatment D3F2 (13.16 ml of organic liquid waste / 250 ml of water every 10 days per plant) with an average of 33.77 cm presented the best average and the treatment Witness with an average of 29.67 cm was the lowest, the variable number of tillers per plant the treatment D3F1 (17.18 ml of organic liquid waste / 250 ml of water every 5 days per plant) presented an average of 2.70, the control was the lowest average presented with 1.50 tillers plant. For the pseudostem diameter variable, the D2F2 treatment (10.5 ml of organic liquid waste / 250 ml of water every 10 days per plant) obtained an average of 23.90 mm and the D3F1 treatment (7.18 ml of organic liquid waste / 250 ml of water every 5 days per plant) had the lowest average with 18.93 mm. The root volume variable presented a statistically significant difference. The treatment with the best average was D2F3 (15.75 ml of organic liquid waste / 250 ml of water every 15 days per plant) with an average of 44.80 ml and the one with the lowest average was the control with 18.00 ml. The performance variable presented the treatment D2F1 (5.75 ml of organic liquid waste / 250 ml of water every 5 days per plant) as the best average with 1258,2 Kg/Ha and the lowest was the control with an average of 704,7 Kg/Ha.Item Comportamiento productivo y cuantificación de la biomasa residual disponible en un sistema cavícola.(2017) Núñez Núñez, Carina Beatriz; Barros Rodríguez, MarcosThe project was developed at “Técnica de Ambato University” in the Agricultural Sciences Faculty (Ciencias Agropecuarias) during 75 days. In this document is described the Productive Behavior and Quantification of Available Residual Biomass in a Cavia System. The aims of the research were: rate the productive behavior and quantify the available residual biomass in guinea pigs that were fed with Italianryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum) with a balanced nutritious formulaand alfalfa or Lucerne (Medicago Sativa) with a balanced nutritious formula. Sixty guinea pigs were used as males as females, they were from 15 to 17 days old approximately, they were separated in two groups of 30 guinea pigs for each treatment. For the treatments were used two kinds of forage: Treatment 1: Italian ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum) with a balanced nutritious formula. Treatment 2: alfalfa or Lucerne (Medicago Sativa) with a balanced nutritious formula. Each treatment was given 6 times with 5 repeated animals. The principal obtained results were the next: in animals that were fed with Lolium Multiflorum and a balanced nutritious formula ate 65.86g/MS per animal per day their weight increased 8.18g per animal per day by the other hand the other groupof animals that ate Medicago Sativa and a balanced nutritious formula ate 50.93g/MS per animal per day and won weight 7.54g per animal per day. In the nutritional conversion Lolium Multiflorum and a balanced nutritious formula obtained 8.06 while Medicago Sativa plus a balanced nutritious formula got 6.85. For the digestibility of dry material Treatment 1 got as result 62.55% while Treatment 2 got 61.-03%. For length and thorax perimeter at the end of the research Lolium Multiflorum plus a balanced nutritious formula obtained showed values of 6.43 cm and 6.2 cm per guinea pig respectively: on the other side Medicago Sativa plus a balanced nutritious formula got 6.86 cm for length and 5.73 cm pf thorax perimeter. Finally, biomass factor showed important differences obtaining as results 54.06g/MS per guinea pig per day in Treatment 1 and 48.38g/MS per guinea pig per day in Treatment 2.According to the results in Treatment 2 Medicago Sativa plus a balanced nutritious formulawould be the best food chooses for feeding Guinea Pigs.Item Incidencia de enterobacterias en cuyes del caserío Acapulco en el catón Mocha(2015) Garcés Castro, Romel Santiago; Montero Recalde, MayraEl trabajo de investigación titulado Incidencia de Enterobacterias en cuyes del Caserío Acapulco en el Cantón Mocha, tuvo por objetivo identificar Enterobacterias en cuyes mediante el uso de la técnica de siembra por agotamiento y su tipificación a partir de pruebas bioquímicas específicas. Se realizó encuestas de las explotaciones cavícolas presentes dentro del área de estudio, utilizando muestras animales que fueron llevadas al laboratorio para su análisis bacteriológico. El análisis de las muestras se efectuó en el Laboratorio de Bacteriología de la Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia en la Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Se trabajó para el aislamiento a partir de órganos de necropsia (hígado y pulmón), con el fin de aislar bacterias Gram negativas se empleó medios de cultivos deferenciales (Agar Mac Conkey, Agar Salmonella Shigella), las colonias posteriormente fueron analizadas en la técnica de coloración Tinción Gram, las colonias de Enterobacterias diagnosticadas se analizarón en pruebas bioquímicas: (Triple Azúcar Hierro Agar, Lisina Hierro Agar, Sulfuró Indol Motilidad, Reactivo de Kovacs, Rojo Metilo y Agar Urea). Se tipificó los siguientes géneros y especies: Yersinia sp 10%, Echerichia coli 12%, Shigella flexneri 8% y Salmonella typhimurium 6%. Por lo tanto la incidencia de Enterobacterias en las granjas cavícolas es de 36%, la presencia de bacterias es evidente en granjas de estudio independientemente del sistema de crianza.Item Diagnóstico de la situación cavícola productiva en los módulos 7,1; 12,1 y 48 del Sistema de Riego Ambato Huachi Pelileo(2014-11-14) Masaquiza Moreno, Mónica Maribel; Núñez Torres, PatricioEl presente trabajo de investigación se llevó acabo en los módulos 7,1; 12,1 y 48 del Sistema de Riego Ambato Huachi - Pelileo, con el propósito de diagnosticar la producción cavícola de los usuarios mediante encuestas y la creación de una base de datos, la cual determino que el proceso de crianza, alimentación y manejo reproductivo viene practicándose hace más de 10 años, siendo una actividad familiar, la alimentación lo realizan mayormente a base de forraje, la línea de cuyes predominante es la inti existiendo un total de 3330 unidades cavícolas 882 hembras, 152 machos y 2296 animales del destete efectivo de los cuales 1709 son destinados al engorde y 587 como pie de cría o reemplazo, las desparasitaciones lo realizan el 22% de los usuarios mientras que el 78% no lo hacen; los tratamientos antibióticos lo realizan el 25% mientras que el 75% no lo realizan, existiendo un deficiente estado sanitario en los tres módulos en encuestados. La comercialización el 99% de los usuarios encuestados destina los animales de su producción cavícola a los mercados de la zona de Ambato, Pelileo, Cevallos y Quero , mientras que el 1% supo indicar que lo entrega directamente a un restaurante, debido a la ubicación geográfica, movilización y un lugar adecuado para comercializar los cuyes hace que las familias pierdan el interés por la producción de cuyes a mayor escala haciendo que esta actividad se convierta en algunos casos un pasatiempo y no lo vean en un trabajo rentable. Sumando a esto la falta de asociatividad de los usuarios. En cuanto a la rentabilidad mediante el estudio de caso nos permitió establecer que en el módulo 7,1 es de 0,85 centavos, mientras que en el módulo 12,1 es 0.73 centavos y en el módulo 48 es de 0.46 centavos por cada animal en pie, dándonos cuenta que su rentabilidad aumentaría si vendieran pie de cría. Debido a la escasa ganancia los usuarios en los tres módulos pierden el interés por la producción de cuyes y por lo tanto no le permite un desarrollo sustentable de su economía dedicándose a otras actividades.