Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Evaluación del aceite esencial de valeriana (Valeriana officinalis) en la reducción de estrés en caninos domésticos durante la consulta(2024-08) Gavilánez Lalaleo, Erika Johanna; Kelly Alvear, Gerardo EnriqueInnovative therapeutic alternatives, such as aromatherapy, are emerging as promising solutions to mitigate indicators of distress. Nowadays, pet owners are not only concerned with their pets' physical health but also with their emotional well-being, highlighting the importance of implementing methods that not only treat medical conditions but also enhance the overall veterinary care experience for animals. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of valerian essential oil (Valeriana officinalis) in reducing stress in dogs during veterinary consultations. The study was conducted at the Pet's Home Veterinary Clinic located in Ambato, Tungurahua Province, with a sample of 33 dogs in optimal health conditions, distributed into three groups of 11 patients. The treatments administered through environmental diffusers were: T1 with 2% valerian essential oil, T2 with 4% valerian essential oil, and a control group T0 (placebo). Stress signs were observed through behavioral assessments evaluating the following variables: posture, ears, lips, breathing, activity, and vocalization using an ethogram, along with blood tests to measure cortisol levels before and after aromatherapy. In terms of stress signs, there were significant differences in posture, ears, breathing, and activity; however, no significant differences were found in lips and activity. Additionally, a higher number of relaxed patients was reported with T2. The study results revealed a reduction in cortisol levels after exposure to valerian essential oil, which was validated by a t-test with a p-value of 0.000 (< 0.05). Therefore, valerian essential oil in aromatherapy is effective in reducing stress in dogs, improving their well-being during veterinary consultationsItem Evaluación de la eficacia in vitro del aceite esencial de romero (Rosmarinus officinalis) como control natural de pulgas en caninos domésticos (Canis lupus familiaris)(2024-08) Aguilar Zapata, Jordi Pau; Vásquez Freytez, Carlos LuisIn the field of human health, pest control has always been very important both in the care of crops and in the fact that they become one of the main factors of disease transmission, with the flea becoming an important vector for the transmission and how to trigger many diseases. Due to this problem, a countless number of insecticides have been created, which due to constant and misuse have created fleas resistant to them, for this reason, this research seeks to evaluate the in vitro effectiveness of rosemary essential oil (Rosmarinus officinalis ) as a natural control of fleas in domestic canines (Canis lupus familiaris). 90 fleas were collected using the fine comb technique, which were subjected to different rosemary treatments (1%, 2%, 4%, 8%) as well as a positive control (Fipronil) and a negative control (distilled water). The fleas were identified as Ctenocephalides felis, based on the morphological characteristics of the head and antennae. In relation to the effectiveness of rosemary oil, it was found that the mortality rate increased with increasing concentration. The highest mortality rate was obtained when rosemary essential oil was used at a concentration of 8%, reaching 50% after 1 hour of application and after 24 and 48 hours mortality reached 100%. Based on the results, it is suggested to carry out in vivo effectiveness evaluations to determine its safety on dogs.Item Análisis retrospectivo de factores predisponentes a cardiopatías en caninos domésticos atendidos en el hospital veterinario Pet Care(2024-08) López Martínez, José Augusto; Rosero Peñaherrera, Marco AntonioThe current diet and environmental conditions in which pets are raised and maintained can directly or indirectly affect their health. Although pets, especially dogs, have a longer life expectancy, there are conditions in which their health can be compromised. Organic diseases have become very important among the pathologies in dogs, and among these, cardiopathies have casuistically represented a worrying process. In this retrospective study conducted at the Pet Care Veterinary Hospital in the city of Ambato, we focused on analyzing the variables sex, age, breed and weight and how they act in the predisposition to the various heart diseases that canine patients attended between 2017 and 2022 could suffer. By reviewing the medical records, the patients were identified and categorized according to the variables weight, age, sex and breed. In the methodology, a discriminatory observational study of convenience was used, using only the histories that met the requirements established for the study, thus identifying the prevalence of heart disease, and a chi-square analysis was used to compare the variables with the incidence of the pathologies found. The results showed that out of a total of 1776 canine patients seen during the study period, 112 were diagnosed with heart disease, representing 6.31% of the total; of these 112 patients, 92.86% had acquired heart disease and the remaining 7.14% had congenital heart disease. According to each of the research variables, it was found that there was a higher prevalence of heart disease in male patients (61.61%), older than 7 years (77.68%) and weighing between 5.1 and 10 kg (35.71%) with respect to the rest of the patients. Chi-square analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between these variables and the occurrence of the disease.Item Prevalencia de Toxocara canis en caninos domésticos intradomiciliarios del cantón Cevallos(2023-09) Proaño Pico, Christian Israel; Borja Caicedo, Byron EnriqueThe objective of this investigation was to identify the prevalence of the Toxocara canis parasite within the Cevallos canton, 322 samples were processed, collected in 4 neighborhoods with the largest population in the canton with the support of the GAD Municipality of Cevallos, the Dogtor-Miaw Veterinary Clinic ", where the samples and second semester students of the UTA Veterinary Medicine Career who provided their support in logistics and sample collection were processed. The samples were evaluated by the simple fecal flotation method with the use of the device “ Fecalyzer” and magnesium sulfate solution. The data was collected through a survey to identify each sample collected, which included the sex and age of their pets , among other questions of interest for the investigation. For the data entry, statistical programs such as SPSS Statistics were used, to make the frequency tables and graphs of each one, the results of the collected stool samples showed the presence of the Toxocara canis parasite. By counting eggs with the Mcmaster technique, important parasitosis data were obtained where the percentage of canines positive for T. canis was 24.2% of an average parasitosis in canines that live daily with children, in the same way the 87% of the Cevallense population is unaware of the health risks caused by not deworming their pets, turning them into sources of infection for the family and other animals in the sector where they frequent. This highlights the importance of this research, since in this way 1t will be possible to adopt preventive measures, promote knowledge and improve habits so that this parasitosis does not cause damage to human and animal healthItem Prevalencia de Giardia spp en caninos domésticos y su repercusión en la salud pública en la comunidad Rumiñawi Chico, Provincia de Tungurahua(2023-09) Culcay Zurita, Bryan Andrés; Almeida Secaira, Roberto IsmaelThe objective of this research topic was to identify the prevalence of Giardia spp in domestic canines and its impact on public health in the Rumiñawi chico community, Tungurahua Province, for which 51 samples were processed by performing a serial sampling, that is, 3 per canine. To increase the rate of positive results, using the Faust flotation method (Zinc Sulfate at 33.3% density 1.18), they were divided into two categories: sex (males and females) and age (puppies and young), followed by collecting samples from the owners divided into age ranges to perform Giardia spp specific antigen tests in a private clinical laboratory, in addition the Mcmaster camera was used to count cysts per gram of feces q.p.g to obtain the degree of parasitosis using ranges between slight , moderate and severe, data tabulation was performed through descriptive statistics using the Chi-square test in addition to calculations to determine the average number of cysts obtained in the chamber. Giardia spp cysts observed under the microscope with 10x and 40x lenses were obtained, obtaining a prevalence of 47.05%, puppies are more susceptible to contracting the parasite, but not for young canines, the zoonotic relationship that exists between canines and dog owners was demonstrated. the pets yielding positive results in the antigen test, the count of the cysts was classified by averages and the degree of parasitosis of each category was determined.Item Prevalencia de tumor venéreo transmisible (TVT) en caninos domésticos enteros en el sector rural del cantón San Pedro de Pelileo(2023-03) Pineda Guevara, Erika Jessenia; Almeida Secaira, Roberto IsmaelThe present study is aimed at determining the prevalence of transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) in entire domestic canines in the rural sector of the Canton San Pedro de Pelileo, understanding the importance of recognizing the number of affected animals in the sector. Data collection was carried out in the La Clementina, Sálate and El Obraje farmhouses belonging to the Pelileo parish. The methodological process included the selection and identification of the study sample, the application of cytological studies in genital areas, staining of plates. The results show an average prevalence of 10% of TVT in domestic canines with a higher incidence according to age, possession, and sex, with the positive presence of TVT in 13 of the 187 dogs analyzed, the highest immunity was presented in the dogs. canines under one year of age, since there were no cases of TVT in this age range, the transmission of TVT was sexual since 100% of the results showed genital lesion. In relation to the ECOP (problem oriented exam) method, its use was positive for the initial diagnosis.Item Prevalencia de Ancylostoma caninum en caninos domésticos en la comunidad de Sacha Runa, provincia de Pastaza(2022-09) Jaramillo Arias, Ambar Solange; Quinteros Freire, Christian AndrésAncylostoma caninum is a hematophagous and histophagous nematode known for its pathogenicity, its characteristic sign is the presence of anemia in infected patients, this worm spreads rapidly in suitable conditions of temperature, soil and humidity, moreover it has a zoonotic character and unfortunately in the communities information on this subject is limited. Due to this, the study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of A. caninum in the community of Sacha Runa in the province of Pastaza. Fecal samples were taken from 83 canines belonging to the community and divided into age and sex categories. Although no significant differences were found mathematically obtained by Chi square between the different categories of the variables studied, by means of the Mcmaster technique it was possible to obtain important degrees of parasitosis, where according to age the puppies have an average of 1166 eggs per gram in feces which in the scale means a high or severe parasitosis, followed by the adults with 510 eggs per gram and finally the young adults with 468 eggs per gram. In the sex category, although males were infected in greater numbers, females exceeded males in the number of eggs per gram in feces, obtaining a value of 531 h.p.g. as opposed to males with 440 eggs per gram. This highlights the importance of this kind of studies, since in this way it will be possible to take preventive measures so that this parasitosis does not cause serious damage to canines and humans.