Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Evaluación de tres fertilizantes edáficos en el cultivo de lechuga (Lactuca sativa) en el sector de Samanga(2024-08) Rojano Quispe, Nicole Estefania; Velástegui Espín, Giovanny PatricioThe purpose of this research is the "Evaluation of three edaphic fertilizers in the cultivation of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in the Samanga sector" with their respective doses, with the purpose of verifying which edaphic fertilizer provides a good lettuce yield. Therefore, for this research a randomized block design was used, with a factorial arrangement of 3x3+1, the treatments applied were YaraMila Unik 16, Blaukorn, YaraMila Complex at high, medium and low doses (20.40 g/plant; 17g/plant; 13. 6g/plant respectively), which as a result we obtained that for polar diameter the best treatment was Blaukorn at a dose of (17g/plant), for equatorial diameter, weight and yield, the best was YaraMila Unik 16 with a dose of (17g/plant), as for plant height the fertilizers were varying, at 15 days the best was the Witness, At 30 days the best was YaraMila Complex at a dose of (13.6 g/plant), at 45 days it was YaraMila Unik16 at a dose of (13.6 g/plant), finally for root volume the fertilizer that gave the best results was Blaukorn at a dose of (13.6 g/plant), as for the cost analysis, it can be seen that for each of the treatments the average value was $ 161 with a variation in cents.Item Aplicación de la Electrocultura en el cultivo de Lechuga (Lactuca sativa)(2024-08) García Hernández, Santiago Giovanni; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánThe present investigation was carried out on the premises of the Unamuncho sector of the Ambato canton, province of Tungurahua, with the purpose of applying Electroculture in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa), using antennas made manually with copper wire material and galvanized aluminum wire. . A randomized complete block design was carried out with five treatments in three repetitions. To record data, they were obtained using a DBCA and with the Tukey test at 5%, observing the following variables: Height of the plant at the time of harvest (cm), chlorophyll and nitrogen content, days to harvest, weight of cabbage at harvest, diameter of cabbage at harvest, electrical conductivity of the soil, recording the following results: The treatments carried out in the research project M1A1, M1A2 (copper wire) and M2A1, M2A1 (galvanized aluminum wire) They are very effective compared to the Witness who has had a poor performance. In plant height, the treatment that stood out the most was M1A2, with a height of 18.04 cm; In the weight of cabbage, the treatment that stood out the most was M1A2, with a weight of 1341.67 g; In the diameter of the cabbage at harvest, the treatment that stood out was M1A2, with a diameter of 19.13 cm; In the chlorophyll content, it was found that the M1A1 treatment, with an average of 24.95, was the one that stands out the most of all the treatments and the control; In the nitrogen content, M1A1 stood out the most, with an average of 8.03; With respect to the electrical conductivity of the soil, it was obtained that treatments M1A1 and M1A2 have an average of 30.28, treatments M2A1 and M2A2 had an average of 32.61 and the Control had an average of 21.14.Item Evaluación de promotores de crecimiento en el cultivo de lechuga (Lactuca sativa)(2023-09) Villacrés Pabón, Bryan Andrés; Pallo Paredes, Edwin LeonardoLettuce (Lactuca sativa) is an economically important crop in the province of Tungurahua, mainly in the parishes of Izamba and Cunchibamba. This study was conducted with the purpose of evaluating different products and doses, used as growth promoters in the lettuce crop, the Starfigther variety was implemented, which is characterized by being a good option for fresh green leaves, being easy to grow and can be consume in salads, promising to meet the needs of small producers for such a reason that its performance is directly influenced. An experimental design of Randomized Complete Blocks with nine treatments plus a control was used. The results showed that the use of the Algalig product resulted in the highest values of root volume. However, no statistically significant differences were found regarding the number of leaves and dry weights between the different treatments. The crop cycle, which spanned from the date of transplantation to harvest, lasted 45 days in all treatments. In conclusion, the use of growth promoting products showed favorable changes in the crop, which translated into an increase in its productivityItem Efecto de la aplicación de calcio en la producción en el cultivo de lechuga (Lactuca sativa)(2023-09) Núñez Chango, Sebastián Francisco; Valle Velastegui, Edgar LucianoCalcium deficiency in lettuce production is a metabolic failure that is not related to any pathogenic organism such as pests, fungi or bacteria. In the present work, the use of calcium-based fertilizers was evaluated in order to know with which product and dosage the lettuce crop will obtain better quality. Two products were evaluated: Cálix (P1) and Profol (P2); each with four different doses. The treatments were as follows: P1D1 (Cálix dose 0.5ml/L), P1D2 (Cálix dose 1.0 ml/L), P1D3 (Cálix dose 1.5ml/L), P1D0 (no application), P2D1 (Profol dose 1.0 ml/L), P2D2 (Cálix dose 1.5 ml/L), P2D3 (Cálix dose 2.0 ml/L), and P2D0 (no application). The experimental design used was completely randomized blocks with three replications, and the variables evaluated were plant height, cabbage weight, cabbage hardness and yield, with data taken at harvest time. In all the variables evaluated, the treatment that stood out was P1D3, with the following averages for the corresponding variables: plant height 22.54 cm; cabbage weight 2.46 kg; hardness 22.37 psi; and yield of 20497.23 kg/ha respectively. Through the research work, it was possible to determine whether there is an interaction between calcium-based fertilizers and the doses applied to the lettuce cropItem Evaluación tres biopreparados en el cultivo de lechuga (Lactuca sativa)(2023-03) Cunache Lasluisa, Evelyn Andrea; Velástegui Espín, Giovanny PatricioAgriculture is the biggest polluter of groundwater and soil due to the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals, alternatives are currently being sought that allow farmers to reduce their use, that are friendly to the environment For this reason, this research project evaluates 3 biofertilizers of organic origin (biol, fermented nettle and superlean slurry) in the cultivation of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L) at different doses, in the Province of Tungurahua, canton Ambato, Augusto N. Martínez parish, Laquigo neighborhood. The variables plant height were evaluated, plant height, equatorial and polar diameter, root volume, root length, weight and yield per hectare. Obtaining the highest values in the variables height and volume the Superlean biopreparation with a dose of 15%; for the equatorial diameter the best results were obtained with the 5% superlean biopreparation and for the polar diameter variables, longitud radicular, peso de la lechuga y rendimiento por hectárea se obtuvo con el biopreparado super magro a su dosis más alta 25%.Item Evaluación de sustratos orgánicos a base de subproductos agrícolas en la germinación de semillas de lechuga (Lactuca sativa) variedad General(2022-09) Rumipamba Curicama, María Fernanda; Gutiérrez Albán, Alberto CristóbalAn agronomic evaluation of the feasibility of the production of vegetable seedbeds such as lettuce (Lactuca sativa) General variety was carried out, implanted in different substrates obtained from compost as a technological process for its production, the work was developed under greenhouse conditions. he composting phase was carried out on wooden crates, obtaining a total volume of 0.012 m3 per treatment, of which a volume of 0.009 m3 was used. The experimental design used contemplated a completely randomized block design and the ADEVA analysis of variance was applied, evaluating the characteristics of the substrates obtained with each biowaste and their effect on the dependent variables. Variables of germination vigor, plant development and quality of the substrates used were evaluated from bioresidues from the agricultural production of potatoes, corn and tree tomatoes in the province of Tungurahua. The substrates that allowed the best development of the plants in the lettuce crops were the mixture of potato residues plus a commercial substrate based on coconut fiber, with a vigorous plant development. The fact that the obtained substrates showed a C/N ratio close to or equal to the 20-25 range is highlighted, which predicts the fact that the influence exerted by the initial C/N ratio on the composting process and the action of the microorganisms obtained in the substrate. The seeds prepared with the best treatment germinated more quickly, presenting a larger seedling size, in addition to their growth being more vigorous, and their roots deployed more vigorously.Item Determinación de la eficiencia de la técnica de riego solar en la producción de lechuga (Lactuca sativa) en agricultura urbana(2021-09) Cordero Arévalo, María De Los Ángeles; Santana Mayorga, Rita CumandáThe present research refers to the implementation of an irrigation technique known as Kondenskompressor or solar drip irrigation for one of the most produced vegetable crops in the area of urban agriculture: Lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Which is based on the evaporation of water placed in plastic bottles (PET) recycling product as bases covered by a hood of the same material, which through the incidence of solar energy inside causes a greenhouse effect, very similar to the operation of the solar distillers in which the air is heated and the water evaporates condensing in the bell to form drops each time large which causes precipitation on its walls. In this trial, two study factors were evaluated: the number of bottles B1 (one bottle), B2 (two bottles), B3 (three bottles) per pot and volume of water D1(100 cc), D2 (200 cc), D3(300cc) resulting in nine treatments combining both factors. Although there were no statistical differences between treatments, one of the best results was obtained from the B2D1 treatment, but still did not provide enough water to obtain the expected results in the crop, so we determined that it is not efficient for lettuce cultivation due to the high demand for water from the crop and the climate (rain and cloudy sky) of the sector in which the test was conducted, they no longer allowed its full development due to lack of solar energy.Item Efecto de la aplicación de gallinaza de compostaje tradicional y comercial sobre las densidades de bacterias resistentes y genes de resistencia a antibióticos en cultivo de rábano (Raphanus sativus) y lechuga (Lactuca sativa)(2020-09) Cruz Morales, Carla Marisol; Calero Cáceres, William RicardoPoultry manure is traditionally used as a good source of nutrients and organic matter in agricultural soils, especially in organic-farming systems. However, these materials can cause adverse effects on general soil conditions, since they contain high densities of potentially pathogenic enteric bacteria; such as antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARBs) and their corresponding antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The use of these materials may represent a probable route of dissemination of pathogenic microorganisms and their determinants through the food chain. This thesis is part of the project "EVALUACIÓN DE LA DISEMINACIÓN AMBIENTAL DE GENES DE RESISTENCIA A ANTIBIÓTICOS POR MEDIO DEL ESTIÉRCOL DE GALLINA" (HCU 1752-CU-P-2019). The aim of this thesis is the evaluation of the effect of the addition of traditional and commercial composting on the densities of ARBs and ARGs in vegetables (lettuce and radish). The virulence and resistance mechanisms of the detected E. coli isolates were evaluated. The results suggest that traditional composting chicken manure influences to a greater extent the spread of ARBs and ARGs in relation to commercial chicken manure. The E. coli isolates presented an antibiotic multiresistance profile. The transconjugation experiments suggest the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance of these bacteria were found encoded in chromosomes and not in plasmids. On the other hand, the qPCR technique was used to detect ARGs, which showed very high levels of detection for sul1 and blaTEM and low levels of detection to qnrS, tetW, ermB and 16S rDNA. The dissemination of ARBs and ARGs from traditional and commercial poultry manure to food is plausible, representing this a potential route of dissemination of antibiotic resistance determinants through the food chain.Item Evaluación del biosol generado en la producción de biogás, como biofertilizante en el cultivo de lechuga (Lactuca sativa)(2019-03) Martínez Barreno, Byron Alberto; Muñoz, ManoloThe research work entitled "Evaluation of the biosol generated in the production of biogas, as biofertilizer in the lettuce crop (Lactuca sativa)" was carried out in order to identify the effects of biosol on the production parameters of the lettuce crop. The research was carried out in the Querochaca experimental teaching farm, located in the canton of Cevallos, province of Tungurahua. Its geographic coordinates are 01 ° 22' 02 "South latitude and 78 ° 36' 20" West longitude, at an altitude of 2 865 meters above sea level. The randomized block design was applied, 5 treatments with 4 repetitions, in addition Tukey significance tests were performed at 5% for the treatments that were significant, the following results were obtained: variable plant height at 0 days treatment 5, conventional fertilization (FC) was the best with an average of 7.03 cm and treatment 3 with the application of biosol 1 kg.m-2 (B1.0) was the lowest with 3.18 cm, at 60 days for this variable treatment 4 with the application of 2 kg.m-2 of biosol (B2.0) was greater with an average of 15.25 cm and treatment 1 with 0 kg.m-2 of biosol (B0, 0) was the smallest with 12.84 cm. The variable weight of foliage presented significance, (FC) at the beginning of the trial was the best with an average of 12.08 g and the lowest weight was the treatment (B1.0) with 8.03 g, at 60 days it presented significance in where (B2.0) with an average of 157.75 g was the best and the one with the lowest average was (B0.0) with 99.21 g, at the time of harvest this variable presented significance, being the treatment (FC) the best with an average of 708.75 g and the lowest was (B2.0) with 443.06 g. For the variable root volume there is significance where (FC) with an average of 11.15 cm3 was the best while (B1.0) was the lowest with 9.03 cm3, at 60 days (B2.0) with an average of 13.00 cm3 was the best and (B0.0) was the lowest value with 8.60 cm3. The variable equatorial diameter at harvest showed significance, (F.C) with a mean of 9.95 was the best, (B2.0) was the lowest with 7.73 cm. For the polar diameter variable there was no significance, however (F.C) presented an average of 8.99 cm. The yield variable presented significance (F.C) was the best with 94499.34 kg / ha and (B2.0) was the lowest with 59074.00 kg / ha.Item Aplicación de mulch, Bacillus sp. Y Trichoderma spp. para el control de mildiu velloso (Bremia lactucae) en el cultivo de lechuga (Lactuca sativa)(2017) López Moreta, Henry Vladimir; Yánez, WilfridoThe research was done in Izamba parish of Ambato canton, Tungurahua province; with 2 500 altitude. The geographic coordinates are: 01 13 '04" south latitude and 78 35' 20" West longitude, with the purpose of: evaluating the effect of 1Trichoderma spp. more mulch and Bacillus sp. more mulch, for the control of downy 2mildew (Bremia lactucae), in lettuce (Lactuca sativa), Vilmorin variety. The treatments were six. The completely randomized block design was used in factorial arrangement of 2 x 2 + 2 controls. We performed the analysis of variance, Tukey significance tests at 5% and Significant Difference tests 5%. The economic analysis was carried out using the methodology of the benefit/cost relationship. The application of Trichoderma spp + mulch reached the best results, with a lower percentage of incidence at 15 days (3,25%), at 30 days (4,25%) and at 45 days (5,50%). Lower percentage of severity at 15 days (up to 10% of affectation), as at 30 days (up to 10% of affectation) and at 45 days (up to 10% of affectation), decreasing the time at harvest (60,00 Days) and reaching the highest yields (69,30 kg/treatment). Also applying the products at the time of transplantation and at 15 days after transplantation was the frequency with the best results reported, with the lowest incidence rate at 15 days (3,00%) and at 30 days (4,50 %) and at 45 days (6,25%). Likewise, these treatments had the lowest percentage of severity at 15 days (up to 10% of affectation) and at 30 days (13,8% of affectation). Days were shortened to harvest (61,00 days); obtaining higher yields (68,53 kg/plot). From the economic analysis, it was concluded that the treatment P1F2 (Trichoderma spp + mulch, at the time of transplantation and 15 days after transplantation), reached the highest cost benefit ratio of 0,64. Key words: Trichoderma spp, Bremia lactucae, Bacillus sp, Lettuce,