Ciencias Agropecuarias
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/870
Browse
9 results
Search Results
Item Aislamiento de microorganismos benéficos asociados en plantas sanas de fresa (Fragaria x Ananassa) en la comunidad Angahuana Bajo(2025-02) Iza Bravo Liliana Patricia; Pomboza Tamaquiza Pedro PabloThe present study carried out on the isolation of associated beneficial microorganisms in healthy strawberry plants (Fraggaria ananassa). Soil samples were obtained from strawberry crops located in the Angahuana Bajo community, Santa Rosa Parish. It was obtained from 8 plants from two plots. Culture media were prepared and the microorganisms were inoculated in each Petri dish. The plates were then analyzed with the help of a microscope and information on colony formation was recorded. The developed fungi were isolated and performed by microculture to obtain pure cultures. These samples were identified and morphological characterization was carried out. The number of hyphae, conidia, conidiophores and number of spores were counted. The front and back color of each mushroom was recorded. The main results obtained were the isolation of 5 fungi which were identified and characterized. Within the study carried out, 4 species of pathogenic fungi and one beneficial fungus were found. In the rhizosphere soil, the genus Fusarium sp and the genus Penicillium sp were the most frequently colonized by pathogenic fungi; the genus Brachysporium sp and Cladosporium sp were less frequently colonized, and the beneficial fungus was found to be the genus Trichoderma sp. The beneficial fungus helps to improve the access and absorption of nutrients, such as the decomposition of organic matter. In addition, it helps to protect phytopathogenic fungi, which are related to crops.Item Evaluación de cera, y atmósferas controladas en la conservación del fruto de fresa (Fragaria vesca)(2024-08) Ramos Tapia, Helen Jamileth; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánThe purpose of this research was to evaluate the type of wax and atmospheres under controlled conditions on the preservation of strawberry fruit (Fragaria vesca), at room temperature, in order to determine a treatment that contributes to extend the shelf life of the strawberry, being this one of the fruits with the highest demand in the province of Tungurahua and contributing to the economy of several families. Therefore, the work was carried out with a randomised block experimental design, with a 3x2+2 factorial arrangement and 3 replications; the results showed that the treatments and the control in a sheath with Frutiver wax and vacuum-sealed atmosphere for the variable days on the perch lasted 11 days. For the weight variable, no loss was recorded at 5 and 10 days. In the fruit hardness variable, the control treatment in the sheath was the one that best preserved the hardness of the fruit with an average of 0.49 kg/cm2; in the total soluble solids variable, the control in the tub and the control in the sheath obtained the highest values with an average of 8.93 and 8.50 °Brix, being in an average value in relation to the ranges of Table (3). For the hydrogen potential variable, the control in the sheath obtained the best pH at 5 and 10 days with averages of 3.51 and 3.73 respectively, therefore, it is an optimal value since the strawberry is classified as an acid fruit. Thus, treatment S1D2 presented the highest percentage of healthy fruit, reaching up to 90%. On the other hand, the presence of Rhizopus sp and an adult of Trips was recorded.Item Efecto de soluciones nutritivas en sistema semi hidropónico automatizado sobre la respuesta morfológica, fisiológica, rendimiento agrícola y calidad de Fragaria ananassa Duch. var Albión(2024-08) Garcés Yugcha, Edison Israel; Leiva Mora, MichelThe objective of the present study was to determine the effect of nutrient solutions in an automated semi hydroponic system on the morphological, physiological, agricultural yield, and quality response of Fragaria ananassa Duch. var Albión in Tungurahua province, Tisaleo canton. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 treatments of different nutrient solutions was used: standard nutrient solution (T1), 25% reduced standard nutrient solution (T2), 12.5% increased standard nutrient solution (T3), and 25% increased standard nutrient solution (T4). The standard solution was based on the crop's requirements for each phenological stage, with the growth and development stage being the most representative at 29.03 ppm N, 4.23 ppm P, 23.79 ppm K, 14.38 ppm Ca, 4.07 ppm Mg, and 1.96 ppm S; and the fruiting stage at 19.38 ppm N, 3.28 ppm P, 22.57 ppm K, 6.44 ppm Ca, 3.18 ppm Mg, and 1.25 ppm S. Variables such as plant height, stolon number, leaflet number per plant, root length, leaf and root dry mass, fruit weight by category, average yield (g/plant), and soluble solids content were evaluated from transplanting to 176 DAT. The outstanding results showed significant differences (P<0.05) in the effect of the different nutrient solutions on root length, fruit weight by category, and soluble solids content. It was concluded that from the growth and development stage, the standard nutrient solution (T1) showed the best results, while for the physiological characteristics, the best results were obtained with the 12.5% increased standard nutrient solution (T3).Item Capacidad de depredación de Typhlodromalus sp. y Stigmaeus sp. sobre diferentes estados de desarrollo de Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) en fresa”(2024-02) Tercero Gualpa, Elizabeth Mishel; Santana Mayorga, Rita CumandaThe strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa) is one of the best tasting and most consumed fruits worldwide. In Ecuador, production has begun in the provinces of Pichincha, Tungurahua, Cotopaxi, Chimborazo and others. Strawberry production is affected by several pests, such as thrips, aphids, mealybugs, whiteflies and mites, which attack the crop throughout the year. The mite Zetranychus urticae is considered one of the phytophagous mites worldwide, it causes severe damage in a short time and its reproduction is accelerated, resulting in the decline of large populations of predators such as Typhlodromalus sp. and Stigmaeus sp. generally feed on eriophyid or tetranychid mites, living in the soil and plants. The objective of the trial was to determine the predation capacity of Tiphlodromalus sp. and Stigmaeus sp. on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on strawberry. The research was analyzed by means of an analysis of variance compared by means test according to Tukey (P< 0.05) using the Statistix package and by divided plots. The predators Typhlodromalus sp. and Stigmaeus sp. on different egg densities (5, 10, 20, 30 and 40) and mobile stages, larvae and nymphs, (2, 4, 8 and 16) of 7: urticae were studied in separate trials under laboratory conditions. Through the research carried out, it was possible to calculate the number of prey consumed by the predator Typhlodromalus sp. in egg stages of T- urticae, With the best result being T3 with a density of 20 eggs and an average of 2.8 eggs consumed/day, and for the mobile phase it was determined that the best treatment was T4 with a density of 8 mites reaching an average of 2.12 mites in mobile phase consumed/day. For the predator Stigmaeus sp. in terms of the number of prey consumed in egg stages of T- wrticae it was shown that the most effective treatment was T5 with a density of 40 eggs and an average of 3.6 eggs consumed/day, for the mobile phase it was found that the best treatment was T4 with a density of 16 mites in mobile phases and an average of 1.62 mites in mobile phase consumed/day. Keywords: strawberry cultivation, 7etranychus urticae, depredador, Typhlodromalus sp., Stigmaeus sp.Item Evaluación de bioestimulantes alternativos para la inducción de floración en el cultivo de fresa (Fragaria x ananassa)(2024-02) Pacha Guashco, Segundo Roberto; Valle Velastegui, Edgar LucianoThe present research work was carried out in the Juan Benigno Vela parish, Tungurahua Province, Ambato canton, whose geographical coordinates are -1 °19'22.4″ S, 78°42'30.6″ W, with the objective of evaluating the effect of Alternative biostimulants in stimulating flowering in strawberry. The treatments were willow shoot extract, rice water and ozonated oil plus a commercial control, where a completely randomized block design was used, with three repetitions. The analysis of variance was carried out, taking into account the significant difference at 5%, in the same way as the Tukey tests. The economic analysis was carried out with the benefit-cost ratio methodology. The treatments that presented the best results are the extract of willow shoots as an alternative product. In the variable peduncle length, the willow extract presents a significant difference, in terms of clusters per plant and numbers of flowers per plant, they are statistically similar. The economic analysis by treatment results in rice water being more useful because the production cost is lower compared to the other treatments used in the experiment. Keywords Analysis, difference, extract, relationship, utilityItem Efecto del tipo y forma de fertilización sobre la inducción de resistencia al ataque de Tetranychus urticae Koch en plantas de fresa(2023-06) Villacreses Pallo, Valeria Paola; Santana Mayorga, Rita CumandáThe two-spotted mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch is included among the phytophagous mites most frequently found in most strawberry-producing areas worldwide and it is capable of damaging the crop. Due to the damage caused in this crop, the need to look for alternatives to reduce the use of chemical products is highlighted, among which the use of natural enemies in biological control programs and the use of the natural resistance of plants stand out. In this research, the effect of the type and form of fertilization on the induction of resistance to the attack of Tetranychus urticae Koch in Albion variety strawberry plants were evaluated. The effect of four types of fertilization was evaluated (F1: 100% inorganic NPK fertilization at the recommended dose applied on leaf; F2: 100% inorganic NPK fertilization at the recommended dose applied in soil; F3: 50% fertilization inorganic NPK + biofertilizer applied in soil and F4: 50% of inorganic NPK fertilization + biofertilizer applied on leaf) on oviposition, longevity and antixenosis in T. urticae in strawberry plants variety Albion. These parameters were compared with the content of total polyphenols and flavonoids. Oviposition was not affected by fertilization and varied from 5.3 eggs/female in plants that were treated with the F3 treatment to 6.4 eggs/female in plants treated with F4. On the contrary, the longevity of T. urticae females was influenced by fertilization, being significantly lower when the females were reared on leaves of plants that were treated with F3. Additionally, an effect of the type of fertilization and the sampling date was observed on the number of mites present in strawberry plants of Albion, observing that the lower preference shown by T. urticae was observed in plants treated with F3, in which found 0.67 mites/leaf, followed by plants fertilized with F1, where the number of mites was 1.18 individuals/leaf and in plants treated with F4 with 1.64 mites/leaf. Fertilization also affected the content of both phenols and total flavonoids. According to the results, the biofertilizer improved the absorption of nutrients, making them more efficient in activating the resistance mechanisms of the plant, for which it could be used to take advantage of the benefits not only in crop fertilization but also in its potential use for pest management of economic importance.Item Evaluación de las propiedades bioestimulantes de dos productos alternativos en tres variedades de fresa (Fragaria x ananassa) en la parroquia Montalvo, provincia de Tungurahua(2022-08) Sánchez Ortiz, Nayeli Estefanía; Pérez Salinas, Marco OswaldoThe strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) is a fruit highly appreciated worldwide due to its qualities and nutritional benefits as it is rich in vitamins, contains antioxidants, minerals and a high percentage of fiber. One of the main problems faced by strawberry producers in Ecuador is the limited yield, which forces them to increase the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, thus increasing production costs and causing damage to the environment. Therefore, this research aims to find new strategies such as the use of alternative products that improve crop yields and reduce production costs without neglecting aspects such as environmental care and human health. For this purpose, the effect of the biostimulants ozonated oil and Immune guard on the strawberry varieties Albión, Monterrey and Cabrillo was evaluated. A completely randomized block design was used in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement, the factors being the strawberry varieties and the application products. Different parameters were evaluated, including yield, where the treatments that reached the highest percentages were T2 (Albión variety and Immune guard biostimulant) and T4 (Monterrey variety and Immune guard biostimulant); agronomic parameters of the three strawberry varieties were also evaluated and it was observed that Cabrillo was the earliestvariety and was also the variety that reached the greatest plant height; with respect to fruit size, the Albión variety had a greater polar diameter and Monterrey a greater equatorial diameter. With regard to the appearance of pests and diseases, Cabrillo was found to be more susceptible, and a financial analysis was made applying the benefit/cost ratio, and it was found that the treatments that represented the greatest profitability were T2 and T4, that is, the Albión and Monterrey varieties, respectively, with the applications of the Immune guard biostimulant.Item Evaluación de tres colores de acolchado plástico para la producción de fresa (Fragaria x Ananassa), variedad Albión, en la parroquia Montalvo, provincia de Tungurahua(2022-08) Acosta Villacis, Tatiana Macarena; Pérez Salinas, Marco OswaldoThe strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) is very important for its high level of demand and production in different parts of the world, the fruit considered delight for magnificence, also has high levels of vitamins and minerals, so it is necessary to carry out research on new strategies that allow to increase the yield of the crop. Plastic padding stands out as one of the components that has the most influence on strawberry production, this thanks to the fact that it contributes to various benefits in cultivation. In this sense, in the present research the agronomic behavior of the strawberry crop with three colors of plastic padding was evaluated. In this way, different colors were used (black, white and silver) and compared with each other, different parameters were evaluated (plant height, weed population, fruit size, crop yield, soil temperature and attack of pests and diseases). In the plant height, a significant effect was observed from 90 and 120 days, demonstrating that black plastic mulch is the most recommended. For weed population there were significant differences throughout the evaluation period, with black plastic mulch demonstrating the best effect compared to white and silver. As for the size of the fruit, the polar and equatorial diameter was measured and in these two no significant differences were observed. In terms of performance, no significant effect was observed between treatments, but there were numerical differences, showing that the black color had a greater advantage with 5699 kg /ha compared to the white and silver plastic padding with 4793 kg/ha and 5002 kg/ha respectively. Both at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days the temperature varied and it was evident that black plastic always presented the highest temperature values in relation to white and silver plastics. The pests and diseases that were observed in the research were Spodoptera frugiperda, Oidium fragariae and Botrytis cinérea.Item Evaluación de giberelina y citoquinina en la inducción floral y rendimiento del cultivo de fresa (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) Variedad Albión(2022-08) Valle Naranjo, Gustavo Daniel; León Gordón, Olguer AlfredoThe present work was done at Cevallos Canton, Tungurahua province and the aim was to determine the effect of gibberellin (AG3) and Cytokinin (Kinetin) on flower induction and yield of Fragaria ananassa Duch. cultivar “Albión” because not any studies have been executed in this scenario. During the experimental development in trial for the first flowering cycle the following variables were evaluated; days to flowering and number of flower per plant at the first producing cycle (3 months), also number of fruits per plant, fresh weight of fruits, equadorial and polar diameter, Total Solid Solubles (TSS), dry matter, yield per hectare and Benefic. Cost rate were. When we applied 5.0 mg.L-1 AG3 + 25 mg.L-1 kinetin, the days to flowering were reduced in 12.5%, 13.8% of fresh weight increased respect to control without hormones. When 15 mg.L-1 AG3 + 0.375 mg.L-1 Kinetin were applied flower numbers increased in 20% and number of fruits in 17,4%. The spray of 10 mg.L-1 AG3 + 0.250 mg.L-1 Kinetin increased equadorial diameter in 1.3% and the polar diameter in 2.0 %. After application of 5.0 mg.L-1 AG3 + 0.375 mg.L1 Kinetin dry matter was higher in 1.16 % respect to control. Combined mixtures of 5.0 mg.L-1 AG3 + 0.125 mg.L-1 Kinetin, 10 mg.L-1 AG3 + 0.375 mg.L-1 Kinetin and 15,0 mg.L-1 AG3 + 0.250 mg.L-1 Kinetin, reduced acidity in 0.48% in comparison with the control. For Total Solids Soluble no effect was observed after AG3 and Kinetin in any combination. The most profitable treatment was the application of 5.0 mg.L-1 AG3 + 0.250 mg.L-1 Kinetin, which reach $ 0.37 per invested dollar. The mixture of AG3 and Kinetin using different doses and combinations in F. ananassa, variety Albión, let us an efficient managements of flower induction, increased yield for selecting the best combination of plant hormones to reach higher profitability, aspect of great concern to farmers of strawberry at Cevallos Canton from Tungurahua province. Keywords: GA3, Albión, biostimulant, phytohormone, phytoregulator, bloom, Fragaria, strawberry, gibberellin, kinetin.