Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Factores de riesgo durante el ordeño asociado a mastitis subclínica bovina por Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente (MRSA)(2025-02) Toscano Ponce Jonathan Daniel; Burgos Mayorga Ana RafaelaMastitis is a relevant disease in the livestock sectorItem Determinación del perfil de resistencia antibiótica e identificación de los principales agentes patógenos causantes de mastitis clínica y subclínica en vacas lecheras(2025-02) Masaquiza Moyulema Rosa Angelica; Ulloa Ulloa Lourdes Anita; Ulloa Ulloa Lourdes AnitaMastitis is a problem that affects dairy cattle, so this disease is an inflammation of the mammary gland that can be caused by several factors. The objective of this research is to determine the antibiotic resistance profile and identify the main pathogens causing clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. Twenty-six milk samples from the Unión de Organizaciones Indígenas de Pasa (UOCAIP) were analyzed in three selective culture media such as Columbia Agar Base, salted Mannitol Agar and MacConkey Agar and by means of different biochemical tests such as catalase, coagulase and TSI the presence of Staphylococcus aureus was identified in 64.15%, coagulase negative Staphylococcus in 24.53%, Streptococcus spp. 9.43% and Escherichia coli. 1.89%. In the antibiotic resistance profile, Staphylococcus aureus showed a resistance to oxacillin and azithromycin of 88.89% and to penicillin of 83.33%; however, it was sensitive to sulfa trimethoprim of 100%, to ciprofloxacin of 94.44% and tetracycline of 88.89%. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus presented a resistance to oxacillin of 100% and to penicillin of 62.5%, while it was sensitive to sulfa trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin and azithromycin of 100%. Streptococcus spp. showed 100% resistance to ciprofloxacin, intermediate sensitivity to tetracycline and azithromycin of 20% and sensitivity to sulfa trimethoprim and penicillin of 100%, to tetracycline 60% and to azithromycin 80%. Finally, E. coli showed a resistance to penicillin and azithromycin of 3.85%, intermediate sensitivity to azithromycin and ciprofloxacin of 3.85%, and sensitivity to sulfathrimethoprim and tetracycline of 3.85%.Item Prevalencia de mastitis clínica y subclínica e identificación de factores de riesgo ambientales en vacas lecheras(2025-02) Chacha Caguana Gissela Elizabeth; Rosero Peñaherrera Marco AntonioBovine mastitis is one of the main diseases affecting dairy production, causing significant economic losses. This study was conducted in the community of Tilivi, belonging to the Union of Peasant and Indigenous Organizations of Pasa (UIOCAIP), with the aim of determining the prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis, as well as identifying the associated environmental risk factors. 30 cows were evaluated using the California Mastitis Test (CMT), identifying a prevalence of 86%, with a predominance of subclinical mastitis. Through the analysis of risk factors, it was found that 69% of milking management practices do not meet adequate standards, including the lack of udder disinfection, absence of post-milking sealing, and the inadequate use of cleaning materials. Likewise, it was identified that the frequency of single daily milking increases the risk of infection in animals. The results highlight the importance of implementing preventive measures, such as improving milking hygiene, using gloves, sealing teats and training farmers in good practices. The application of these strategies will contribute to reducing mastitis and improve the quality and quantity of milk produced in the region.Item Evaluación de la eficacia del método de diagnóstico California Mastitis Test (CMT) para la detección temprana y el monitoreo de la mastitis bovina en el centro de acopio de leche en la Comunidad Tahualag.(2024-11) Quinzo Padilla Hirma Janneth; Núñez Torres Oscar PatricioMastitis is a complex disease, the product of several factors associated with both the interaction of the host with the environment and with the pathogenic bacteria present in the environment where dairy cows develop, negatively impacting the health of the animal with the consequent decrease in the production. To detect this disease, the California Mastitis Test (CMT) is applied, which is a sensitive and easy-to-handle test that is applied to each breast quarter. However, it can give false positives, so the interpretation of results could vary, for such reasons. reasons In the present study, the evaluation of the effectiveness of the CMT diagnostic test for the early detection and monitoring of bovine mastitis was carried out in the milk collection center in the Tahualag community. To develop this research, we had a population of 70 crossbred Holstein cows. When the prevalence of mastitis was calculated, it was established that only 18.6% of the females were positive, the predominance of which occurred in the left posterior quarter (CPI) with 31%, followed by 23% belonging to the CAI (left anterior quarter), the CAD (right anterior quarter) and the CDP (right posterior quarter). The calculation of the prevalence of mastitis according to age showed that there is greater influence in females 6 years of age (38.5%) and with less influence ages 7 and 8 years (7.7%). Among the biological agents causing mastitis, Staphylococcus aureus was identified in the highest percentage (38.5%), followed by 23.1% belonging to both Staphylococcus spp and Staphylococcus coagulase, and finally both Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus uberis, each with the 7.7%.Item La nanobiotecnología como método de diagnóstico y tratamiento de mastitis bovina(2024-08) Martínez Martínez, Rodrigo Alexander; Mera Andrade, Rafael IsaiasOne of the most common and costly diseases in the dairy industry is bovine mastitis, which is characterized by inflammation of the mammary gland caused by bacterial infections. Nanobiotechnology is presented as a possible solution to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. This research examines the potential applications of nanobiotechnology in the treatment of bovine mastitis, emphasizing advances in nanotechnology-based diagnostic and treatment methods. Novel methods to diagnose bovine mastitis such as nanoparticle sensors, were created to identify specific biomarkers in milk, allowing early and accurate detection of bacterial infections, innovative treatments include Nanocapsules of antibiotics to be controlled released at the site of infection, increasing its effectiveness and reducing side effects or antimicrobial nanomaterials.Item Identificación fenotípica de Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente mediante cultivo microbiológico a partir de muestras de leche de vacas con mastitis subclínica y muestras de secreciones orofaríngeas del personal encargado del ordeño(2024-02) Lozada Escobar, Kevin Marcelo; Vela Chiriboga, Andrea CarolinaThe general objective of this research is to identify phenotypically methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by means of microbiological culture from milk samples of cows with subclinical mastitis and samples of oropharyngeal secretions from milking personnel. The location of the dairy herds where the samples were taken was in the village of 12 de octubre, Yanayacu parish, Quero-Tungurahua canton. To determine the positive cases of mastitis, the CMT test was performed and reported a prevalence of 35%, that is, 28 positive cases of subclinical mastitis out of 80 cows sampled. The biochemical tests used to identify S. aureus were: blood agar, mannitol salt agar, gram stain, catalase and coagulase test. A prevalence of S. aureus of 42% was identified in milk samples from subclinical mastitis positive cows. The antibiotic sensitivity tests of the S. aureus positive milk samples showed a 100% resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, therefore they are considered methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Microbiological cultures and biochemical tests with nasal swabs from the milkers identified a 100% prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus. Similarly, a 100% prevalence of MRSA strains was identified through phenotypic processes. Key words; Prevalence, Subclinical mastitis, MRSA, Resistance, betalains.Item Comparación del efecto terapéutico de células madres de líquido amniótico y plasma rico en plaquetas contra mastitis subclínica en ganado lechero(2024-02) Jaya Baquero, Emily Katherinne; Kelly Alvear, Gerardo EnriqueIn this present study, we address the issue of subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle, a common condition that poses significant challenges in milk production. The main objective of the research is to compare the therapeutic effect of amniotic fluid-derived stem cells and platelet-rich plasma, with a focus on improving mammary health. To achieve this purpose, an experimental study was conducted involving dairy cows divided into three groups: a control group treated with antibiotic based on antibiogram, another group treated with amniotic fluid, and a third group with platelet-rich plasma. The methodology involved intramammary administration of the respective treatments, followed by the assessment of key parameters such as somatic cell count and CFU. The results showed no significant difference; however, regarding somatic cell count, T1 was 1,284,453.13, while in the T2 treated group, it was 381,288.75, and T3 recorded 1,121,625.00. In terms of CFU, T1 presented 24.31, while T2 showed 12.38, and the T3 group registered 7.25. These findings underscore the effectiveness of both therapies in reducing subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle. In conclusion, the application of amniotic fluid-derived stem cells and platelet-rich plasma emerges as promising alternatives for enhancing mammary health in dairy cattle, providing new perspectives for managing this condition in the dairy industry. Keywords: Subclinical mastitis, Stem cells, Platelet-rich plasma, Dairy cattleItem Potencial de resistencia a los antimicrobianos de Staphylococcus aureus inductor de mastitis subclínica de bovinos lecheros y presente en secreciones nasales de los ordeñadores(2024-02) Bedoya Lozada, Paul Sebastián; Vela Chiriboga, Andrea CarolinaStaphylococcus aureus is one of the saprophytic bacteria commonly found on the skin and mucous membranes of animals, being one of the bacteria with the highest incidence in subclinical mastitis. At present, one of the most relevant problems is the reckless and indiscriminate application of antibiotics, leading to subclinical mastitis presenting different resistance mechanisms to various antibiotics available on the market. The objective of the following research is to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in dairy cows and milkers in the Quero canton, Yanayacu-Mochapata parish, Tungurahua province, Caserío 12 de Octubre on the Velazco family farm. Eighty milk samples were collected and tested for subclinical mastitis using the California Mastitis Test. We found 28 positive animals for subclinical mastitis, of which 12 were positive for Staphylococcus aureus. Five samples were also taken from the milkers by means of a nasal swab, resulting in all samples positive for Staphylococcus. aureus. The samples were taken to the microbiology laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato where: type of hemolysis, gram staining, biochemical tests in salt-mannitol and catalase/coagulase test were carried out. Finally, the bacteria were isolated and the respective antibiogram with the Kirby-Bauer method was performed. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 35% of the total samples and 42% were samples positive for Staphylococcus aureus. The results in dairy cows were: none of the samples were resistant to gentamicin, chloramphenicol and rifampicin; 8.3% were resistant to clindamycin, 25% of the strains were resistant to novobiocin and 16.6% were resistant to linezolid. In the milkers the results were 40% of the strains resistant to gentamicin, 40% resistant to rifampin, 60% of the samples resistant to clindamycin and 60% resistant to novobiocin. Keywords: subclinical mastitis, Staphylococcus aureus, biochemical tests, resistance.Item Efecto del ácido hipocloroso como alternativa terapéutica en el control de mastitis subclínica en vacas lactantes(2022-09) Toasa Canseco, Ana Belén; Lozada Salcedo, Efraín EuclidesThe objective of this research was to determine the effect of hypochlorous acid as a therapeutic alternative in the control of subclinical mastitis in lactating cows. The study was carried out at the "Santa Clara" farm, in a dairy herd of 340 Holstein lactating cows, a total of 150 animals were sampled, of which 36 were selected for the experiment. An experimental design based on a completely random statistical model (D.C.A) was used to evaluate the efficacy of 3 doses of hypochlorous acid (HClO): T1= 10 ml of HClO, 450 ppm, intramammary route, for 5 days; T2= 20 ml of HClO, 450 ppm, intramammary route, for 5 days and T3= 30 ml of HClO, 450 ppm, intramammary route, for 5 days) compared to a conventional or control treatment (T0= 10 ml of Cephalexin 200 mg + Kanamycin 100,000 IU, intramammary route for 3 days) in lactating cows that presented three different degrees of subclinical mastitis, with 3 repetitions for each treatment. The variables analyzed were: the somatic cell count (Ccs/ml) as an indication of inflammation, the Colony Forming Units count (CFU/ml) and the antimicrobial action of the applied treatments. When doses of 30 ml of HClO (T3) were administered intramammary, after the application of this product, a cell count of less than 200,000 Ccs/ml was recorded in the three degrees of subclinical mastitis. Three types of bacterial agents were identified: Staphylococcus aureus in 66%, Streptococcus spp. 24% and Escherichia coli 10%. In relation to the antimicrobial action of hypochlorous acid, a better response was obtained in the reduction of Staphylococcus aureus colonies with a dose of 30 ml, sharing levels of antimicrobial response of 100% in cows with grade I and II subclinical mastitis with a slight reduction in the control of S. aureus for grade III cows. For Streptococcus spp. the antimicrobial response was 100% in the three doses of HClO and with the conventional treatment in grade II and III cows. However, an isolated case was recorded where the T2 response decreased slightly (91.8%), which could be attributed to handling situations unrelated to the experiment. Finally, the bactericidal effectiveness in E. coli colonies was the same in all the applied treatments (100%).Item Uso de plasma autólogo como terapia regenerativa de glándulas mamarias en vacas con mastitis subclínica(2021-09) Zurita Oñate, Maritza Anabel; Rosero Peñaherrera, MarcoThe objective of this study was to evaluate the use of autologous plasma as regenerative therapy for mammary glands in cows with subclinical mastitis, in the Caserío Pinguili Las Lajas of the Mocha canton. We worked with 20 Holstein cattle of 3 and 6 years (1 to 4 deliveries), these experimental units were divided into 4 groups. The udder health evaluation was carried out by means of the California Mastitis Test (CMT), in order to verify the possible antigenic reaction compatible with mastitis. From the experimental units that were positive in the field test, 4 ml of milk were taken in a test tube and later they were sent to the laboratory to determine the presence of bacterial agents and perform an antibiogram. In addition, in order to obtain blood plasma, blood samples were taken from the jugular vein in test tubes with sodium citrate.The results obtained at the beginning of the trial were: Staphylococcus spp and Staphylococcus aureus, at the end of the experiment we also obtained the presence of Escherichia coli. The treatments were carried out with 5ml, 10ml and 15ml of plasma and with the help of a cannula it was placed on the nipple for three days in a row, resting for ten days and a booster dose on the eleventh day. The data obtained by the Kruskal Wallis test, in the age variable, the mean values obtained were for T1 5.00 a; T2 4.60 a; T3 4.60 a; T4 4.40 a, for the birth variable the means were T1 3.00 n / p; T2 2.60 n / p; T3 2.60 n / p; T4 2.40 n / p and for the colony count the means were T1 32.00 CFU / mL; T2 11.25 CFU / mL; T3 68.89 CFU / mL; T4 58.00 CFU / mL, the results obtained by this test do not show significant differences between treatments. By means of the box plot and the correspondence analysis, it was determined that the results for treatment 2 (5ml of plasma) presented a lower colony count compared to the other treatments, due to the fact that the teats that presented a high colony count Before applying the treatment at the end of the trial, they did not present any type of bacteria.