Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Análisis de las propiedades mecánicas de la madera de pino (Pinus Patula Schltdl. & Cham), provenientes de la provincia de Cotopaxi y su factibilidad como material estructural de acuerdo con la norma ecuatoriana de la construcción 2015 (NEC 2015)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Toaquiza Chiguano, Patricio Orlando; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza ElizabethThis study analyzes the mechanical properties of pine wood (Pinus patula Schltdl. & Cham) from the province of Cotopaxi, Ecuador, evaluating its viability as a structural material according to the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 2015). In addition to providing technical data, the aim is to promote the use of sustainable local materials in construction, so that pine wood from this region can be used as a structural material in light and sustainable constructions, standing out as an economical and ecological alternative to traditional materials. The methodology was structured in four clearly defined phases. Initially, the extraction of samples from the mentioned area was carried out. Subsequently, specimens were prepared strictly following the guidelines of ASTM D 143-94, which guaranteed the standardization of the tests. Finally, mechanical tests (tensile, compression and flexural) were carried out in specialized laboratories in order to obtain accurate and reproducible data. Additionally, the results were compared with the minimum requirements demanded by the NEC 2015, ensuring a comprehensive and rigorous approach in the evaluation. Thus, the results classify pine wood as low-strength structural. The basic and dry densities of air were 0.44 g/cm3 and 0.57 g/cm3, respectively. Thus, in tension, the modulus of elasticity (MOE) reached 12845.72 MPa, and the allowable stress 11.9 MPa. In compression, the MOE was 1834.8 MPa and the allowable stress was 13.7 MPa. In flexure, the MOE was 5519.60 MPa and the allowable stress was 11.81 MPa. For this reason, these values place it in groups “B” and “C” according to the NEC 2015, highlighting its potential for specific applications within the construction field.Item Diseño sismorresistente de un edificio de 4 plantas en estructura metálica con un subsuelo en hormigón armado ubicado en la ciudad de Quito(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2024-09) Quintana Vásconez, Roberto Sebastián; Peña Jordán, Francisco AgustínThe present thesis shows the structural design of a project located in a high seismic activity zone, with particular focus on seismic safety and compliance with applicable regulations such as AISC 341, AISC 360, AISC 358, NEC 2015, and ASCE 7-16. Based on previous geotechnical studies, a detailed analysis of soil conditions and expected loads was conducted to ensure a solid foundation for the structure. This analysis enabled the identification of the necessary seismic parameters to adapt the structural design to the specific characteristics of the terrain and ensure stability against seismic movements. During the project development, specialized software was used to perform structural modeling. Through these programs, seismic loads were precisely simulated, analyzing both the stresses and deformations that the structure could experience. This approach optimized the structural behavior, ensuring an adequate distribution of stresses and minimizing inter-story drifts and lateral displacements at each level. The results demonstrated robust structural performance under the seismic demands of the site, highlighting the implementation of cruciform steel columns. This structural solution maximized the building's efficiency, leveraging its high moment of inertia, which is essential for resisting lateral loads. Finally, the validation of the design parameters confirmed compliance with seismic design codes, ensuring that the building can withstand the expected seismic demands without compromising its safety or functionality. This comprehensive approach has allowed the development of an optimized structure that meets local requirements, providing a viable and safe solution for high seismic risk conditions.Item Construcción de curvas de fragilidad al colapso del Parqueadero del Mercado Central de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2024-10) Morales Criollo, William Mauricio; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir José; Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y MecánicaAmbato is located in a geographical region with a high risk of seismic activity, which represents a danger for its inhabitants; this research focused on the estimation of the probability of damage of the Ambato Central Market parking lot using the time-history analysis method by obtaining collapse fragility curves from the generation of IDA curves, in addition, the structure was subjected to 7 site seismic records, each one with its 2 pairs of records duly scaled and corrected. In this research it was necessary to follow the guidelines of ASCE 41-17, FEMA and NEC 2015. In the model analysis it was visualized: torsional distortion and absence of non-precalibrated connections. The results showed that the analyzed structure reached the immediate occupancy level (IO) and did not reach the life safety level (LS) since the structure collapsed. It was determined that the parking lot is more vulnerable in the Y direction presenting the following damage probabilities: 24.67 percent with no damage to the structure, 38.10 percent at an IO level and 37.23 percent at a Total Collapse in an Occasional seismic event with maximum spectral acceleration of 0. 85 g; for a Rare seismic event the following probabilities were evidenced: 0.78 percent with no damage to the structure, 14.64 percent at an IO level and 84.57 percent for Total Collapse at maximum spectral acceleration of 1.19 g. A total of 271 nonlinear time-history dynamic simulations were performed. The high frequency of earthquakes in Ecuador requires the development of more advanced structural analyses for a more accurate evaluation of the behavior of buildings. This research promotes the application of collapse fragility curves as a more accurate alternative to take preventive measures to reduce human and economic losses.Item Análisis de las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de la madera de Seique (Cedrelinga Catenaeformis) proveniente del cantón Tena provincia de Napo y su factibilidad como elemento estructural de acuerdo con la Norma Ecuatoriana de la Construcción (NEC 2015)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-09) Acosta Naranjo, José Andrés; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza ElizabethThe construction industry has a key role in global sustainability due to its high demand for resources and CO2 emissions. However, the use of materials such as bamboo and wood from sustainable forests can positively contribute to the storage of CO2 during its growth, offsetting its emssions during production. The research analyzed the physical and mechanical properties of the timber species Cedrelinga Catenaeformis from the Amazon region of Ecuador, and its suitability as a structural material according to the NEC 2015. Samples from the Tena canton were collected at 4 commercialization points, laboratory tests were carried out in accordance with the ASTM D 143-14 standard, which allowed determining the maximum stresses and the modulus of elasticity to static bending, traction and compression parallel to the fiber of each sample. When carrying out this investigation, it was possible to obtain maximum values of modulus of elasticity of tension parallel to grain of 17,603.29 MPa, compresion paralele to grain of 4,459.86 MPa, static bending of 10,723 MPa, as well as maximum admissible stresses for tension parallel to grain of 46.23 MPA, compression parallel to grain of 15.93 MPa and static bending of 30.23 MPa of Seique wood, could be compared with the requirements of the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 2015 chapter 8) determining that it is considered a timber species suitable for use as a structural element with certain limitations. . With this, it was possible to create a summary table of the physical and mechanical characteristics that would serve as a guide for the design of wooden structures in EcuadorItem Análisis de vulnerabilidad sísmica y reforzamiento estructural de la unidad nueva del Hospital Básico El Puyo, ubicado en la provincia de Pastaza, Ecuador(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Cáceres Vargas, Andrea Carolina; Caiza Sánchez, Pablo EnriqueSeismic vulnerability in essential structures has been a subject of little analysis despite the importance that a building of this type entails, therefore, this research covers the constructive reality of the new unit of the Basic Hospital El Puyo, a structure built with regulations In force, however, the lack of technical criteria of the professionals who designed it significantly influenced the construction, generating cracking problems. During the development of this research, it was necessary to assess the vulnerability of this structure through quick visual inspections and the application of forms with the NEC 2015, FEMA P-154 and FUNVISIS methodologies. Then, non-destructive tests of concrete and soil tests were carried out in order to verify that the design plans have been respected. Subsequently, a mathematical model of this structure composed of two blocks was analyzed using structural design software, where, through a linear static analysis, it turned out that it presented torsion in one of its blocks, which is why a reinforcement was proposed. structural by means of steel stiffening diagonals in certain side frames. On the other hand, the current seismic performance of blocks 1 and 2 was considered, through a non-linear static analysis, obtaining as a result, that they do not meet the performance level for the rare design earthquake, since, the point The performance of these blocks is outside the capacity curve, its resistance being insufficient to meet the seismic requirements; Thus, under this criterion, the pushover was executed with the two reinforced structures, verifying that there is a good seismic performance. Finally, the soil-structure interaction analysis was carried out, verifying that the hospital unit presents permitted differential settlements.Item Análisis de la influencia del modelado de losas por elementos tipo shell y membrana en el diseño estructural de un edificio de 4 pisos, utilizando un software de diseño especializado(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-06) Acosta Portilla, Darwin José; Navarro Peñaherrera, Carlos PatricioIn the present work we proceeded to the execution of an influence analysis in the modeling between two different types of slab elements, very commonly used in the design of structures with the use of specialized design software, the type of elements to be compared are a shell type slab element and a membrane type slab element, which will be performed through the modeling of a 4-story building, composed of a reinforced concrete material and located in the city of Salcedo. For this type of methodology is based on design standards such as the Ecuadorian construction standard (NEC - 2015), the ACI 314 - 19 code and bibliographies related to structural design space, necessary for the design of structural elements, as for its seismic action. Obtaining as a result in the two types of modeling the vibration period, shear, floor drifts, deflection, settlement and areas of reinforcing steel, which promote good structural performance, simplified in comparison tables, with the help of a design software (Etabs 2018).Item Análisis comparativo del desempeño sísmico en edificos de hormigón de mediana altura aplicando riostras de pandeo restringido en la ciudad de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-09) Zamora Altamirano, Julio Santiago; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaFor this research work we proceeded to perform a comparative analysis of the structural behavior for two types of systems: conventional and with the application of a modern system of seismic dissipation, in an 11-story building consisting of two elevators in an area of 400 square meters; The structure is located in the city of Ambato and was classified in special using the Ecuadorian Construction Standard. The methodology of a Pushover nonlinear static analysis was used to evaluate the performance of each proposed structural system based on a rare earthquake, which is usually the design earthquake with a return period of 475 years with a 10 percent probability of exceedance in 50 years. For the design of the structural elements of the building, as well as for the seismic dissipation system, national and international standards such as the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 2015), American Society Of Civil Engineers (ASCE 7-16, ACSE 41-13), American Institute Of Steel Constructions (AISC 341-16) were used. Giving us as results the displacements, floor drifts, system energy, behavior and performance levels of the two types of structures with the help of ETABS 2016 software.Item Análisis estructural del desempeño sísmico del edificio de la Carrera de Ingeniería Civil mediante la medición de vibraciones(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-09) Meléndez Peña, Santiago Mauricio; Cevallos Cabrera, Jorge WashingtonTo know the degree of seismic vulnerability of the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the Technical University of Ambato, two evaluation methodologies were used, one of them is the rapid evaluation, through formats and matrices established by international standards such as FEMA 154, and By the norm that governs in our country, the Ecuadorian Construction Norm NEC 2015, these evaluations are visual and quick since they classify the structure by it is vulnerability, mainly considering the type of soil where the building is located, together with the year of construction and the structural configuration, taking into account irregularities both in plan and elevation. Another methodology used is the quantitative one, which allows to know the performance of the structure through the use of software, for which ETABS was used, the same one that allowed to analyze the structure in a linear and non-linear range, this method is more effective Since by means of numerical values a structural behavior is known before seismic events closer to reality, through these methodologies it could be observed that the analyzed structure presents a high degree of vulnerability. With the results obtained, a reinforcement proposal is proposed, such as cladding with steel in beams and columns, additionally the placement of structural walls was proposed, all this with the purpose that the structure supports greater loads and has a better performance before seismic events.Item Análisis de las propiedades mecánicas de la madera de eucalipto (Eucalyptus), provenientes de la provincia de Tungurahua y su factibilidad como material estructural de acuerdo a la Norma Ecuatoriana de la Construcción 2015 (NEC 2015)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-09) Sánchez Dahua, José Luis; Navarro Peñaherrera, Carlos PatricioThe main objective of this work is to provide information on the mechanical properties of eucalyptus (bending and tension parallel to the fiber) from the province of Tungurahua and to present the values obtained for stresses and modulus of elasticity, which will be the basis for future designs of structural and non-structural wood elements. First, a bibliographic research on the properties of wood and relevant information on eucalyptus and its uses was carried out. In addition, an observation study was conducted in the sectors where strategic points of extraction and processing of eucalyptus wood were found. The cantons where samples were obtained were Baños, Ambato, Quero, Pelileo, Pillaro, Cevallos and Patate. Laboratory tests were carried out following their respective standards (ASTM D 143-94), which helped us to determine the maximum stresses and the modulus of elasticity both in axial bending and in tension parallel to the fiber of each sample from the cantons mentioned. In carrying out this project, specific data was broken down, which we have of structural wood from the categories set out in the tables of the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 2015 chapter 8), where we only have reference values but not specific, these helped to have a new database focused on eucalyptus wood, differentiating it from other known structural wood.Item Cálculo de los factores SDS (parámetro de aceleración espectral de diseño), CD (factor de amplificación de deflexión), ω (factor de sobrecarga del sistema), y RHO(factor de redundancia) en base a la norma ecuatoriana y aplicados con el software etabs(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-09) Andrés León Lituma Cruz; Navarro Peñaherrera, Carlos PatricioThe following research work aims to calculate the factors SDS, CD, Ω and RHO that in structural calculations especially in concrete are used by default without taking into account the affectation that these may have at the time of determining the amount of steel. For the determination of these factors, the structural calculation was carried out taking for this process the DBF method (Design based on forces) and four structural models were made, the first and second model was carried out following the Ecuadorian standard NEC 2015 and the US standard ASCE 7 14 respectively and with the factors that the program presents by default, the third model uses the US standard ASCE 7 14 using the factors indicated there indicated and as the last model the Ecuadorian standard NEC 2015 is used using a correlation of the factors of the US standard coupling them to Ecuador to determine what is the change that occurs in the structure. At the end of the comparison of the structural models it was reached what, the difference between the amounts of steel, the calculations made by default and those determined by the standard are 0.01 percent, which does not affect the final modeling.