Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Evaluación de las propiedades mecánicas de un pavimento flexible tradicional y un pavimento flexible combinado con asfalto reciclado y escoria de siderurgia entre las calles Corazón y Cordillera Occidental del cantón Ambato de la provincia de Tungurahua.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Vallejo Espín, Byron Eduardo; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego SebastiánIn Ecuador's steel industry, large quantities of steel slag are generated annually, leading to considerable environmental pollution. To mitigate this impact, the incorporation of recycled materials into asphalt mixtures was proposed, including reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and slag as a polymer, aiming to achieve environmental benefits and improve pavement quality. The research was divided into three phases. The first phase involved identifying the extraction sites of materials such as bitumen, aggregates, and recycled materials. In the second phase, the materials underwent characterization tests, including particle size analysis, aggregate density, abrasion tests, Rice test, and the Marshall method. The latter was used to evaluate the stability and flow of briquettes. The experimental design included steel slag and RAP combined with optimal asphalt content (5.5, 6.0, and 6.5 percent). Slag partially replaced fine aggregates (passing the No. 4 sieve), while RAP partially replaced intermediate coarse aggregates (half-inch sieve, retained on the No. 4 sieve). Combinations of 7 percent slag with 10 percent RAP, 10 percent slag with 20 percent RAP, and 13 percent slag with 30 percent RAP were tested. In the third phase, a comparative analysis was conducted based on Marshall criteria between traditional and modified mixtures. The results showed that modified asphalt mixtures with 6.5 percent AC-20 content, incorporating 7 percent slag and 10 percent RAP, and 10 percent slag and 20 percent RAP, as well as those with 6.0 percent AC-20 content, incorporating 13 percent slag and 30 percent RAP, outperformed or equaled traditional mixtures in terms of strength, durability, and environmental sustainability. These mixtures present themselves as a stronger and more eco-friendly alternative for road infrastructure projects.Item Análisis del comportamiento del hormigón asfáltico mezclado con fibra de vidrio, utilizando el ensayo Marshall(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-01) Bonilla Bravo, Erick Nicolás; Moreira Cedeño, Fricson LutgardoThe widespread use of traditional asphalt concrete over time has revealed deterioration in roads due to vehicular traffic, weather conditions, and a lack of maintenance. Recognizing this, efforts have been made to improve with innovative techniques and new materials to achieve greater strength, durability, cost reduction, and shorter maintenance times on roads. In this study, a sample was obtained from the Salvador quarry, and a series of tests were conducted on the aggregates to determine their suitability for the development of asphalt briquettes. These tests included particle size distribution, specific gravity of fine aggregates, specific gravity of coarse aggregates, and abrasion or wear of coarse aggregates. Fiberglass was incorporated into the asphalt mixture using the Marshall methodology, and the optimum asphalt content was determined by preparing three briquettes for each of the percentages: 5.00, 5.50, 6.00, 6.50, and 7.00 percent, resulting in an optimal content of 6.45 percent. Similarly, to establish the optimum percentage of fiberglass, the results obtained for percentages of 5.00, 7.50, 10.00, 15.00, and 25.00 percent were compared, with 5.00 percent yielding the best characteristics and properties. Upon completing all phases of the research, it is concluded that fiberglass asphalt concrete exhibits 11.05 percent less stability than traditional asphalt concrete. However, all its other properties meet Marshall criteria, except for asphalt-filled voids, which exceed them by 5.50 percent.Item Análisis comparativo de la mezcla asfáltica modificada con la adición de polímeros termoplásticos, caucho de llanta reciclado y pavimento asfáltico tradicional para el mantenimiento vial en fallas piel de cocodrilo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-07) Sarabia Lescano, Karen Nicole; Frías Torres, Alex XavierThis research work was carried out with the objective of analyzing and comparing the mechanical properties of modified asphalt mixes with the addition of: thermoplastic polymers and recycled tire rubber compared to traditional asphalt. Asphalt briquettes were made: modified and conventional using the Marshall Method, then the behavior of an asphalt mixture was analyzed by modifying it with the addition of the following thermoplastic polymer percentages of 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent by weight; and rubber, 2, 3, 4 and 5 percent were used, where 36 samples were manufactured, of which 12 correspond to conventional asphalt mixes and 24 to modified mixes; By using these materials, the optimum percentage of recycled polymers that can be added to asphalt mixtures was achieved, largely fulfilling and improving the design requirements established by the standards so that they can be used in the paving process. It was determined that the hot mix asphalt modified with tire rubber did improve some of the mechanical properties, since it presented resistant and durable characteristics, obtaining an optimal percentage of addition of 5.7 percent of rubber and an optimal percentage of addition of 6.6 percent thermoplastic polymer.Item Análisis del efecto de la adición de partículas de tereftalato de polietileno (PET) en mezclas asfálticas en frío(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-01) Gavilanes Loor, Shumacher Duvalier; Portilla Yandún, Favio PaúlDue to an increase in environmental pollution regarding the use of plastic, we proceeded to conduct this research where recycled plastic was incorporated into a cold asphalt mixture in order to identify its mechanical behavior. This research was based on incorporating recycled plastic into a cold asphalt mix using stone aggregates from the Ambato canton and comparing its mechanical properties with a traditional asphalt mix. The behavior of an asphalt mixture was studied by progressively modifying it with the addition of the following percentages of PET of 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 percent by weight; ASTM D 1559 and AASHTO T 225 were used for this purpose; 100 samples were made, of which 20 corresponded to conventional asphalt mixtures and 80 to mixtures with different percentages of (PET/PE/PP). Finally, the maximum and optimum percentage of recycled polymers to be added to the asphalt mixes was established in order to meet and improve the design requirements according to the regulations. It was determined that in cold asphalt mixes the quality of the pavement does not improve in high traffic, but for medium and light traffic it presents flexible and durable characteristics, thus obtaining an optimum percentage of polymer addition for the design of flexible pavements that can be used in the country's roads.Item Análisis del comportamiento mecánico de una mezcla asfáltica abierta con la adición de fibras de acero(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2017) Capa Moya, Karla Gabriela; Moreira Cedeño, Fricson LutgardoFor the development of this research project, the materials of JEAL Construcciones located in the city of Ambato were obtained, to which laboratory tests were performed to analyze their mechanical characteristics and to comply with the respective standards for each of them. Given the characteristics of the materials constituting the asphalt mixture, the briquettes were prepared by the Marshall Method in compliance with the AASHTO T 245, ASTM D 1559 and AASHTO T 225 standards. Three traditional asphalt briquettes were prepared and tested for each percentage of asphalt cement and three asphalt with addition of steel fibers in percentages of 1%, 1.5% and 2% for each content of asphaltic cement, thus gives a total of 60 asphalt briquettes. At the conclusion of the briquettes tests, a comparative analysis of the mechanical properties between traditional open asphalt mixtures and open asphalt mixtures was carried out with the addition of steel fibers; such as stability, flow and percentage of voids, through the use of tables and graphs.