Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica

Permanent URI for this communityhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/898

Browse

Filters

2016 - 2019152020 - 20246

Settings

Subject: search.filters.subject.MATERIALES COMPUESTOS

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 10 of 21
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Caracterización mecánica de un material compuesto de resina poliéster reforzada con fibra de bagazo de caña de azúcar para determinar las propiedades mecánicas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Freire Sandoval, Evelin Jazmin; Vaca Ortega, Wilson Henry
    The present experimental work refers to the fabrication of a composite material of polymeric matrix (polyester resin) and fiber reinforcement of sugar cane bagasse, with the purpose of diagnosing better mechanical properties that this material provides, two types of configurations have been used such as short longitudinal fiber and randomic fiber with different volumetric fractionation. The cane fiber was used due to its great amount of waste, it has a good elasticity, it is not corrosive as certain synthetic fibers, so with the new compound it would allow different uses. The tests were performed according to ASTM D3039-15 tensile, ASTM D7264-15 flexural and ASTM D5628-10 impact standards. A total of 90 specimens were tested, each one with different percentages and configurations such as the percentage values 8020, 7030, 6040 respectively. For the impact test, the percentage value 6040 of randomic configuration obtained the highest average failure energy with a total average of 0.8396 (J). As a result in the bending test, group 2 concluded that it obtained a percentage value (8020 with randomic configuration) which acquired the best results of maximum stress of 22.15 MPa, in the tensile and flexural test, group 3 with a percentage value of 7030 with a short longitudinal configuration obtained the best modulus of elasticity of 1435 and 1870.4 GPa.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Selección y construcción de un sistema Vacuum Bagging (envasado al vacío) para el conformado de materiales compuestos en el Laboratorio de Materiales de la Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-09) Guerrero Villacres, Richard Bernardo; Bustos Tipantasig, Flavio Enrique; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    This project was carried out due to the problem that exists to manufacture higher quality test tubes, with better properties and in less time in the laboratories of the Technical University of Ambato. Looking to improve the laboratories, the construction of the vacuum system was generated, which consists of a pump that absorbs the elements through hoses, with a resin trap in the process to collect the resin and avoid damage to the system, the mold to be used. It is a flat mold to generate test tubes that can be analyzed, on the test tube special layers are mounted such as: peelable fabric, perforated film that helps to spread the resin, absorption blanket that removes excess resin, these special layers are covered With a vacuum bag taped to the sides of the mold with sealing tape, two vacuum valves are inserted connecting the vacuum system between the resin container, the cylinder, and the resin trap. The project concludes with the performance of functional tests for the specimens made with the developed machine.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Optimización mediante metodología de superficie de respuesta de los parámetros de fabricación de fachaletas mezclando concreto con triturado de tereftalato de polietileno reciclado y su incidencia en la resistencia mecánica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020) Castillo Herrera, Willan Pablo; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    People's wrong habits when recycling Polyethylene Terephthalate plastic bottles ends up in environmental pollution, a plastic bottle recycling machine was implemented in Santo Domingo of the Tsáchilas, and using a Nelmor brand plastic bottle crusher, G1215M1 model, Polyethylene Terephthalate is processed.Crushed recycled PET percentage variations of 15 -20 –25 percent are made in the mixture with dimensions between 6mm -8mm -14mm and aggregate of 3mm -8mm -11mm. This concrete composite material plus the addition of crushed recycled PET are added in a manufactured mold from Artisan 1 that is a silicone elastomer. 45 veneers are manufactured and 4-point flexural tests are made, after 21 days of being manufactured according to INEN 2554:2011 norm, variates between 0,50125 and 1,59958 Megapascal. To the 45 veneers after 21 days of being manufactured, compression tests are made according to the INEN 1573:2010 norm and variates between 1.80700 and 4.31367 Megapascal. An optimization is performed through a surface response methodology using a statistical software, determining the optimal parametersfor veneers manufacturing, where the maximum percentage in the PET mix is of 15 percent with a dimension of 14mm and aggregate size of 6,95 mm. It is recommended in future investigations to make concrete veneers plus the addition of crushed recycled PET with a maximum percentage of 15 percent as a in the mixture, 14 mm dimension and 7 mm aggregate size, and to add a pigment in the mix to give color to the veneers.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Influencia de la exposición a la intemperie en la resistencia a la tracción, flexión e impacto de dos materiales compuestos de matriz poliéster reforzados con fibra de abacá y plátano
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020-09) Francisco Javier, Oquendo Lazo; Pérez Salinas, Cristian Fabián
    The present experimental work has the determination of analysis the influence of outdoor exposure under ASTM D1435-99 (maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity, average rainfall and UV radiation), time (zero to six months) angle of exposure (45 degrees) and type of fiber (abaca and banana), in the behavior of the mechanical properties of composite materials. By means of the elaboration of two composite materials made with a polyester matrix and abaca fiber and another of a polyester matrix and banana fiber, the probes with the following dimensions (length, width and thickness) are made for the tensile test 250x25 x4 mm under ASTM D3039-2017, bending specimens 160x13x4 mm under ASTM D7264 and 80x10x4 mm charpy impact specimens under NTE INEN-ISO 179-2 . The first test was carried out at the beginning of the study and the second after six months, the data of the climatological variations and the variations of the weights of the specimens were also recorded. With the help of the data obtained, it was possible to verify that there are variations in the mechanical properties of both materials in the tensile, flexural and impact tests. The results of the study are presented through a statistical and graphic analysis carried out in the experimental work.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Optimización (Doe-Mezclas) del material híbrido con refuerzos de fibra de abacá, fibra de cabuya y fibra de vidrio de matriz de resina epóxica y su incidencia sobre las propiedades mecánicas a flexión, tracción e impacto
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020-08) Torres Mesias, David Esteban; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    The following experimental work was aimed at finding new combinations of composite materials conformed of fiberglass (VF), abaca fiber (FA) and cabuya fiber (FC) with epoxy matrix. For this it was used different volumetric mixtures of reinforcements, the same ones that were considered as input parameters in the statistical analysis of mixtures to optimize the mechanical properties of the results of the different treatments. Specimens were made by compression stratification to then test them and obtain data generated by the Tensile tests (ASTM D3039 / D3039M-08), Flexural (ASTM D7264 / D7264M-07), and Impact (ASTM D5628-10, FE geometry), and thus treat them under parametric assumptions developing a reliable analysis. Once the data was established, it was analyzed by means of the design of mixtures; from which, the significance of the p - value located in the mixture regression table was verified, which was inferred for the generation of the optimization of the responses of the mixtures using the minitab software. In experimental work it was possible to establish the volumetric fractions that generated the best mechanical properties of the mixture; fiberglass 0.261 percent, abaca fiber 0.003 percent, cabuya fiber 0.036 percent and epoxy matrix 0.7 percent, fulfilling the foundation of a mixture of always being equal to one.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Implementación de los requisitos técnicos que establece la norma NTE INEN-ISO/IEC 17025-2018 con la finalidad de establecer el laboratorio de investigación de la cámara de inflamabilidad vertical de la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020) Vallejo Sánchez, Erik Joel; Pérez Salinas, Cristian Fabián
    The present technical work is based on the creation of a laboratory of vertical flammability tests in the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering of the Technical University of Ambato. This arose from the need of body companies in the province of Tungurahua to standardize their units in compliance with current Ecuadorian regulations. Different methods were used such as the bibliographic, which is based on scientific documents that refer to the application of the NTE INEN-ISO / IEC 17025-2018, in addition to the experimental method with which the tests of the different textile materials were performed used inside the bodies. The first part of the project is about establishing the technical requirements of the standard, in which the most important are: the requirements related to resources, process requirements and management system requirements, where they refer to all the parameters that must be met to establish the Laboratory. The second part tries to create the necessary documentation, this means the procedures, records and instructions that will be handled within the laboratory facilities. All these documents were created impartially and confidentially, which will avoid problems when using them. Finally, the vertical flammability tests were carried out on five textile materials and a composite material, all of these used inside the bodies, to be able to determine the flammability index and to be able to compare their results with those established in the Ecuadorian regulations to see if its use is feasible or not.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Obtención de un nuevo material híbrido de matriz polimérica de resina poliéster y fibra natural de cabuya, reforzada con fibra de carbono para su aplicación en la industria automotriz
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2019) Ramos Guaillaguaman, Diego Geovanny; Espín Guerrero, Víctor Rodrigo
    The research is based on obtaining a new hybrid material for application in the automotive industry, the determination of the orientation and proportion of the elements of the new hybrid material was obtained by means of forming methods and techniques that are currently being executed in the sector. Conducted research in the field of bus parts production, 95 percentage of the companies carried out using the manual stratification method and 5 percentage with other methods. The configuration establishes the direction of the fibers of cabuya and carbon, material of contribution, number of layers and approximate thickness, where the orientation is longitudinal at 0 grades and transversal at 90 grades. The results obtained in the calculation of the volumetric fractions are estimated values to have a base at the time of making the specimens, without having several aspects such as: losses of polyester resin during the process of preparation and application in the mold. Once the tensile, flexural and impact tests were performed, the best combination was obtained being the carbon fiber material, but the study analyzed is made of hybrid material, so the best result of hybrid materials is configuration four with a volumetric fraction of 40 percentage reinforcement woven cabochon fiber and 50 percentage woven carbon fiber, with the following mechanical properties, in traction: maximum stress of 60.4 Mpa and elastic modulus of 1889.11 Mpa, in flexion with a maximum effort 87.82 Mpa and flexural modulus of 4104.05 Mpa and in impact with a resistance to the impact of 6.71 J. To validate the results of the tensile and flexural tests carried out in the treasury, simulation of finite elements was used, obtaining a percentage of error of 12.68 percentage in the maximum tensile test effort and 0.18 percentage in the maximum effort of the flexural test, being within the acceptable range that is 10 to 15 percentage.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Caracterización mecánica del material compuesto de matriz elastomérica reforzado con fibra de cabuya para determinar las propiedades mecánicas en aplicaciones industriales
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Machado Machado, Alvaro Fernando; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    The study was conducted out in order to generate technological and scientific benefits to the conformation of new composite materials that have been considered high growth and demand in the global market, considering lighter materials and low manufacturing cost that have equal or superior mechanical and physical properties that will replace the materials that have traditionally been presented in the industry. The experimental work was perform the mechanical characterization of latex matrix composite material reinforced cabuya short fiber with random with random orientation and volumetric fractions of 20% latex-80% fiber of cabuya, 30% latex-70% fiber of cabuya, 45 % latex-55% fiber of cabuya,since compression molds and manual stratification were used for the same. Of the essays carried out, the group of specimens that exhibit the best results in their mechanical properties through the tests under the UNE standard. (UNE - ISO 37, UNE - ISO 7743, UNE - ISO 48). With the analyzes developed by means of the statistical methodology based on the general complete factorial design and the function of desirability, it was determined that the best mechanical characteristics of the composite material to take advantage of, It was composed of fiber length of 1cm and volumetric fraction of 20% Latex - 80% Cabuya, obtaining results for tensile stress of 10,592 MPa, modulus of elasticity of 9,986 MPa and shore hardness D 48,667.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Análisis del proceso de ranurado y taladrado en el material compuesto de resina plástica reforzada con fibra de vidrio
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Silva Gavilanez, Erika Natali; Pérez Salinas, Cristian Fabián
    In recent years the use of composite materials in industry has increased, due to its high strength and low weight, for this reason the study of machining processes in composite materials is very important to determine optimum cutting parameters, which allow to obtain a quality machining. In the present study the analysis of cutting parameters was carried out for two important processes such as grooving and drilling in two composite materials: polyester resin matrix reinforced with fiberglass and epoxy resin matrix reinforced with fiberglass, these materials were manufactured by the manual stratification method with a volumetric composition: 70% matrix and 30% reinforcement. For the grooving and drilling process, two exclusive cutting tools were used to machine composite materials, and the DOE experimental method was used, which allowed us to obtain the combinations of cutting parameters (cutting speed and feed rate), with the which were carried out the machining tests corresponding to each process, in the samples obtained measurements of surface roughness (Ra) and delamination that is defined by a delamination factor (Fd). The results obtained allowed us to define the cutting parameters for grooving and drilling, with which the best surface quality and the lowest delamination of the mechanized composite material were obtained.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Análisis de la velocidad de combustión y su incidencia en los materiales utilizados en el interior de carrocerías para vehículos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Villena Portero, José Luis; Castro Miniguano, Christian Byron
    In the present experimental work the flammability index of some of the materials in the construction of bodies is obtained, the process to carry out these tests is found in the ISO 3795 standard, the inflammability index that the materials in the construction in the bodies have a good behavior in front of the fire said materials should help to repel the fire. The ISO 3795 standard establishes the following principles: Composite materials: Interior roof lining (Fiberglass + polyester resin) and Interior side lining (Fiberglass + polyester resin); Textile materials Pranna flexible polyester (seat lining) and Textile based on vinyl (floor lining) and Wood Triplex marine (body floors of mass transport vehicles) The allowed flammability indices are: 100 mm / min and 250 mm / min respectively. The INEN 1668 and 1323 norms indicate what the flammability index is allowed in the construction materials of bodywork interiors. There is no need to comply with the provisions of the regulations.