Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Evaluación de propiedades mecánicas de materiales compuestos fabricados a partir de envases plásticos reciclados y goma de neumáticos pulverizados(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-09) Aleaga Ulloa, Yessenia Patricia; Valle Velasco, Pablo RaúlThis innovative technique seeks to take advantage of plastic waste and used tires, providing a sustainable and economical alternative for its reuse. The evaluation of mechanical properties is of paramount importance to determine the feasibility and performance of these composite materials. This topic focuses on the evaluation of the mechanical properties of a composite material with a resin matrix, using recycled plastic containers and pulverized tire rubber as reinforcement. Comprehensive tests and analyzes have been carried out covering compressive, flexural, tensile strength and SEM Test (Scanning Electron Microscopy). These tests allow us to measure and understand in depth the mechanical characteristics of the material, that is, its ability to support loads, resist deformation and meet specific design requirements. The use of recycled plastic packaging and pulverized tire rubber as reinforcement in the resin matrix presents a promising approach to improve the mechanical properties of the composite material. It is expected that this type of materials will contribute to the development of more sustainable and environmentally friendly products, reduce the amount of plastic waste and abandoned tires. Therefore, meticulous evaluation of the mechanical properties of these composite materials is essential to ensure their quality and applicability in various industries. The results obtained from these tests allow us to obtain crucial information for its implementation in the design and manufacture of more resistant, efficient and sustainable products in the future.Item Proceso tecnológico para la fabricación de materiales compuestos con matriz polimérica y refuerzo de fibra de vidrio para su uso en filamento de impresión 3D(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021) Villegas Suárez, Edmundo Sebastián; Espín Lagos, Segundo ManuelThe present research work was focused on determining the best configuration of the polymeric matrix of recycled PET plastic and glass fiber reinforcement, for the manufacture of a new polymeric composite material intended for the extrusion of filament for 3D printing; For the analysis several aspects were determined such as the feasibility of extrusion of the composite material, the nozzle diameters of the extruder and 3D printer, the feasibility and processing of the raw material such as shredded recycled PET and later pelletized, in addition to the fiberglass in different configurations and redesign and implementation of the extruder machine. Using these considerations, the results of the diameter of the filaments obtained in each configuration and volumetric composition were analyzed, and the best option was determined by means of a T-student statistical analysis; with the result obtained from the analysis, the mechanical properties of the material were determined. The results of this research showed that the optimal configuration with filament for 3D printing is 90 percent recycled PET plus 10 percent glass fiber powder, and this is the most feasible for the extrusion of the filament since it fits the diameter of the nozzle of the 3D printer; at the same time, the mechanical properties of this new material were determined.Item Caracterización mecánica de un material compuesto de resina poliéster reforzado con fibra de vidrio y malla de acero para determinar las propiedades mecánicas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-07) Alomaliza Masaquiza, Darwin Iván; Vaca Ortega, Wilson HenryIn this work, an experimental investigation of a composite material for the determination of the mechanical properties made up of polyester resin reinforced with fiberglass and steel mesh was carried out. In this composite material, the steel mesh reinforcement has 2 different types such as: galvanized steel mesh and stainless steel mesh, the number of fiberglass layers was varied, the preparation of the test pieces was carried out by compression stratification with a mold Constructed of A36 steel material. In this research the purpose is to find the best configuration that provides high mechanical properties, the specimens are tested and manufactured according to ASTM standards, for tensile testing the ASTM D3039 standard was implemented, in the bending tests the ASTM D7264 standard and test to impact according to ASTM D5628. After being tested the specimens, tabulated and collected the data. The configuration that presents the best results is that of 2 layers of fiberglass, 1 layer of stainless steel mesh cured at 25 degrees centigrade in the environment, made with compression stratification, resulting in a maximum tensile stress of 64.01 (MPa), maximum bending stress of 145.85 (MPa) and mean failure energy of 0,910 (J).Item Caracterización mecánica del material compuesto de matriz poliéster reforzada con fibra de chambira para determinar las propiedades mecánicas en aplicaciones industriales ".(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-07) Gavilanes Medina, John Paúl; Vaca Ortega, Wilson HenryThis work was the development of a composite material based on polyester resin matrix reinforced with chambira fiber, this fiber is native to the Amazonian regions of South America, which is worked by the peoples of the sector as is the Huaorani community of the province of Pastaza for the production of handicrafts and tools for their daily life as clothing, agriculture, etc. The research focused on the mechanical characterization of the composite material through the application of tensile, flexural and impact tests, which are governed by the specifications of ASTM D3039, ASTM D7264 and ASTM D5628 respectively. For which two fiber configurations were established: randomly and longitudinally mixed cut, with volumetric variations of 80 percent matrix and 20 percent reinforcement, 70 percent matrix and 30 percent reinforcement and 60 percent matrix and 40 percent reinforcement, obtaining six groups of specimens with five samples in each one, giving a total of ninety specimens analyzed. Once the mechanical characterization of each group of specimens of the new composite material was carried out, it was determined that the volumetric composition with the best properties is that of 60 percent polyester matrix with 40 percent chambira fiber with a longitudinal fiber configuration, with a maximum tensile strength of 92.49 MPa and a maximum flexural strength of 40.73 MPa. This new material can be applied in the production of office furniture and accessories in the automotive industry.Item Proceso tecnológico para la fabricación de un aislante térmico mediante la reutilización de residuos de material compuesto de matriz de resina poliéster reforzado con fibra de vidrio(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021-06) Freire Quinga, Erika Pamela; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos MauricioThe present investigation develops the technological process for the manufacture of a thermal insulator obtained from the combination of gypsum with crushed waste of a material with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) for the manufacture of ceiling panels, the mechanical and thermal properties of flexure, hardness and thermal conductivity were evaluated of each volumetric configurations analyzed. From the tests, it was determined that the best mechanical and thermal behavior of the composite material was 50 percent gypsum and 50 percent GFRP with a thickness of 9.5 mm with a flexural strength of 10.93 MPa, surface hardness with a footprint of 13mm and thermal conductivity of 0.11 W / m K,, also the presence of GFRP residues reduces the weight of the ceiling by 60 percent as well as the manufacturing cost. In conclusion, composite material of gypsum with GFRP waste improved the mechanical properties compared to existing gypsum panels.Item Diseño de un punzón para corte-troquelado de un material compuesto de matriz polimérica reforzado con fibras naturales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-06) Acosta Castro, Lucas David; Pérez Salinas, Cristian FabianIn the present project, a punch was designed and built with the purpose of being used in composite materials, in such a way that it was analyzed whether the type of punch configuration, the type of reinforcement fiber and the type of matrix influence the quality of the cut. Four different configurations were used for the study: straight, Wshaped, double shear at 20 degrees and single shear at 30 degrees; which were designed in a CAD with a diameter of 12.7 mm and a height of 70 mm. The study focuses on the simulation through the application of the finite element method in a specialized software where the dynamic behavior of the various types of punch was evaluated and through which six types of composite materials were designed and used for each simulation. In order to validate the simulations carried out, we chose to build the punches with their various secondary components to be evaluated and tested in two composite materials: One made of epoxy resin with jute fiber and the second of polyester resin with jute fiber. Once the punching test was performed, the cuts were evaluated, resulting in a delamination factor at the entrance of 1.046 and at the exit of 1.066; in this way it was analyzed that the W punch is the ideal cutting tool for the application in composite materials.Item Influencia de la exposición a la intemperie en el desgaste de un material compuesto de látex y partículas de gránulo de caucho reciclado(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-03) Criollo Rojas, Jennifer Ashley; Pérez Salinas, Cristian FabianThe development of this research is focused on the material composed of the matrix of latex and recycled rubber granule particles (PGCR) as reinforcement, since this composite has optimal peculiarities for the elaboration of floors. For the development of this study, the variation in the percentage of reinforcement was taken into account in such a way that, it is possible to show which of the volumetric configurations has the best properties of Wear and Hardness. The tests were applied according to the specifications of the wear standard ISO 9352, Hardness ASTM- D2240 and ASTM D 1435 for outdoor exposure. Through the application of experiment design (DOE), a complete overall factorial design was made from which six volumetric configurations were obtained with a reinforcement variation of twenty, thirty and forty percent. The material behaviour was then analysed using the Taber wear test, measuring Shore D hardness using ISO and ASTM standards respectively. At the end of the execution of the tests by means of tables and graphs it is evident that the percentage of wear for the three reinforcement variations is minimal, yet the statistical analysis shows that the exposure time has an influence on the wear rate and that the volumetric configuration that best fits a real flooring application is 80 percent Latex (matrix) and 20 percent PGCR (reinforcement) , at zero days of exposure as it has less wear and greater hardness.Item Análisis de la réplica del material compuesto alternativo de matriz epoxi reforzada con fibras sintéticas para determinar las propiedades mecánicas en las superficies de vuelo en las aeronaves del CID-FAE(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-01) Silva Barrionuevo, Vinicio Daniel; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoGiven the problem of finding an alternative composite material for application in the manufacture and repair of aircraft flight surfaces of the CID-FAE, there is a need to venture into a new material with more optimal mechanical properties for aircraft. For this, 22 case studies were elaborated with several combinations of fibers like glass, aramid, carbon and copper with different number of layers (7, 8 or 9) and different orientation of the same (0, 45 or 135 degrees). In the test tube’s made in vacuum were carried out tensile, bending and impact tests under ASTM D3039, ASTM D7276 and ASTM D5628-10 standards respectively. Obtaining the data of mechanical´s properties of the study cases, we proceeded to carry out design of experiments using a DCA Design completely at random since it was the most optimal for the case study with an input factor of the number of layers and their orientation and levels (7, 8 and 9) and (0, 45 or 135 degrees) respectively. Determining that the essay of test tube with best performance and mechanical properties was the so-called S composed of 6 carbon fibers at 0 degrees, 1 at 135 degrees and 1 copper fiber at 0 degrees, being the essay suggested for use in aircrafts since it has a Force at the traction of 639.57 MPa, Bending stress of 453.94 MPa and Impact energy of 3.39 J.Item Análisis del comportamiento mecánico de un material compuesto de matriz poliéster reforzado con fibra de pelo de res y su posible aplicación industrial(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020-10) Tonato Porras, Ángel Vinicio; Analuiza Maiza, Oscar IvánThis work was carried out to investigate the possibility of using animal fiber as a reinforcement in a polymeric material. The beef hair was obtained from the municipal abattoir of the city of Ambato that, not being used by the industry, becomes waste, which makes it attractive due to the easy availability and low cost, proving to be an alternative to synthetic fibers. The present investigation is based on the mechanical characterization of polyester matrix composite material reinforced with beef hair fiber, for which specimens were elaborated with volumetric fractions of 60 percent matrix and 40 percent reinforcement, also with 70 percent matrix and 30 percent reinforcement. Long fiber was used with a longitudinal orientation at 0 degrees and 45 degrees, short fiber (10mm) with a randomly crisscrossed distribution. These specimens were tested to traction, flexure and impact under the specifications of ASTM D3039, ASTM D7264 and ASTM D5628 respectively, in order to determine the most suitable mechanical properties of the composite material and to be able to give use in the industry. From the analysis of the 6 groups of specimens that were subjected to their respective tests, it was determined that the composite material that presented the best results corresponds to group 1 which has a volumetric fraction of 60 percent matrix and 40 percent reinforcement, with a long fiber configuration oriented to 0 degrees, obtaining a maximum tensile strength of 30.87 MPa , maximum to bending resistance of 55 MPa and 1.02 J of impact energy. It was also determined that this material can be applied in the automotive industry and in the furniture construction.Item Análisis de la influencia de los rayos UV en la resistencia a la tracción del compuesto de matriz polimérica reforzada con fibra de guadua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020) Guamani Saquinga, Marisol Belén; Pérez Salinas, Cristian FabiánIn the present experimental work was analyzed the influence of UV rays on the tensile stress of the polymer matrix composite material, through a mechanical test where it was determined that guadua fiber has good mechanical properties. It is similar the behavior of a fiber synthetic, so this fiber can replace it. The great abundance, it was facilitated to obtain and process the fibrous material. The composite material has as a matrix the polyester and epoxy resin while the reinforcement is considered guadua fiber, which It should be woven with an orientation of 0 degrees at the time of being used as reinforcement and stacking layers. As the way to improve the mechanical properties. Thense, the Guadua fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite material has a volumetric fraction of 70 percent as matrix and 30 percent as reinforcement by hand lay-up and cured to the environment for 720 hours at room temperature. The analysis of the tensile strength behavior of the composite material by ASTM D3039 regulations was performed when subjected to a UV test by ISO 4892 for 50 hours and 250 hours of exposure in an artificial aging chamber with xenon arc. Also, the tensile test was performed with 30 specimens classified by resin and epoxy matrix at 0, 50 and 250 hours of exposure. When the data is obtained, the statistical analysis is carried out using the Minitab software allows an statistic analysis of the data. Then it was determined that the maximum tensile stress of 84.63 MPa, modulus of elasticity of 1363.03 MPa and elongation of 6.21 percent with polyester resin matrix and a the maximun resistance of 71.79 MPa, modulus elasticity of 1518.47 MPa and elongation of 4.73 percent with epoxy resin matrix. And the use of the desirability function it was determined that the best combination when the material has a polyester matrix exposed to 250 hours of UV rays. It is demonstrating the better behavior with these characteristics. It is an economical resin to provide the rigidity and resistance to the composite material and where exposure to UV rays improves the mechanical property.