Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Análisis de desempeño sísmico del edificio COAC San Martín ubicado en el cantón Tisaleo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil., 2025-02) Yugcha Rumiguano, Christian Sebastián; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaEcuador is located in the Ring of Fire, so it is subject to stochastic phenomena such as earthquakes, since buildings must be governed according to the current NEC 15 standard to ensure that the design meets earthquake resistance criteria. The purpose of this research work is to determine the seismic performance of the building under study. A qualitative analysis was carried out using the NEC 15 standard, in which the parameters were evaluated according to the characteristics of the structure, obtaining a score of 2.0, demonstrating that it has a medium degree of vulnerability. In the quantitative section, the linear and nonlinear static Pushover analysis of the structure was carried out using engineering software. In the linear analysis, it was determined that the structure in current conditions presents torsion, and that elements such as beams and columns are not designed to withstand the demands. In addition, through non-linear analysis, the capacity curve of the structure was calculated together with the performance levels and it was determined that the construction does not meet the seismic performance objectives according to VISION 2000. Once the evaluation of the structure was completed, three more floors were designed, according to the specifications of the calculation report, and with the requests of these, the structure was reinforced, both locally in the elements such as columns and beams using criteria from the ASCE 41-13 standard, in which the concrete screed method was used for the columns and the steel casing method for the beams, and globally with the implementation of shear walls to control torsion and comply with the vibration period of the structure. Finally, with the implementation of the reinforcement and the addition of 3 more floors to the building, the linear analysis was carried out again, to verify that the calculations and design were in accordance with the NEC 15 standard, checking that the elements had the necessary amounts of steel to generate ductility. After that, the non-linear analysis of the structure was carried out, in which the performance objective was determined, complying with what was established in VISION 2000.Item Determinación del desempeño sísmico del edificio ACT consultores, ubicado en la ciudad de Ambato a través del análisis no lineal push over(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Cárdenas López, Fernando Josué; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaBeing located in a highly seismic area, any engineering work is exposed to the possibility of suffering great damage or even collapse under the action of seismic events, that is why the main function of this experimental work is to show the seismic performance of the ACT Consultores building located in the city of Ambato [1]. This work was carried out in three phases; the first one describes the characterization of the architectural and structural building, identifying the materials that were used. Then, the second stage is focused on information processing with the development of the qualitative method, which refers to a quick visual evaluation of the vulnerability of the structure, while the quantitative method refers to the whole process involved in the seismic-resistant design of a building to translate it into the engineering software. Also, the nonlinear analysis was performed by means of a Push Over to evaluate the seismic performance of the building under different levels of seismic hazard without the retaining wall. Finally, the third phase is based on the structural rehabilitation of the building. After reviewing that the building did not comply with period checks, interstory drifts, torsion and the performance point in a "Rare" earthquake was not as expected for basic constructions such as offices. Based on this, we proceeded to place shear walls to correct drifts, torsion, period and performance point so that the building would have better structural behavior.Item Estudio comparativo del diseño sismo resistente de una edificación de estructura metálica de cinco pisos con arriostramientos concéntrico y excéntrico en la Unidad Educativa Tres de Marzo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Sanabria Espinoza, María Natividad; López Arboleda, Alex GustavoThe objective of this work was the comparative study of the seismic behavior of buildings with two bracing systems. In Ecuador there are different zones with seismic danger, for this reason, recently improvements have been implemented in the design and construction of steel structure buildings, some of these improvements are the implementation of bracing systems. Although this practice is very useful to improve the seismic behavior of buildings, locally its performance is still being studied. In the analysis proposed in this work, concentric bracing (in X and V) and eccentric bracing (in X and V) were considered for a specific zone. In order to analyze the seismic behavior of the building, the soilstructure conditions were applied with the characteristics of the Chimbo canton that were compiled from a soil study, additionally, a basic building was configured, in which the 4 different types of bracings were applied in order to identify if there is a system that presents a better performance. A Pushover analysis was applied to all configurations to establish which system provides the best results. Finally, it was identified that the inverted V bracings provide the building with greater flexibility without the need to compromise its integrity.Item Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Huachi Grande, Ambato, Ecuador: propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Santander Paredes, Pablo Andrés; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego SebastiánThe district of Huachi Grande is part of the rural area of the city of Ambato; however, in recent years it has shown an important economic development not only through agricultural activities, but also through the industrial sector. The objective of this research work was to analyze the seismic vulnerability of metal structure buildings in the district and to evaluate in detail the vulnerability of one of the most representative buildings in order to design a reinforcement proposal. Methods such as rapid visual inspection using the forms established in FEMA P-154, NEC 15 and FUNVISIS were used. It was found that the vulnerability of the buildings in the district was high in the majority of cases. For this reason, an industrial building with a mixed system of hotrolled steel portal frames and cold-rolled steel trusses was selected; the building presented pathologies derived from conceptual errors in the design and assembly of the structure. A detailed vulnerability analysis was performed on the selected building through the linear static and spectral modal method; the limits of floor drifts, basal shear and deflections were checked. It was found that the building does not comply with the load solicitations established by NEC 15; therefore, it was necessary to propose a reinforcement system. The most relevant pathologies were local and lateral buckling of the main and secondary elements. The strengthening strategy included the addition of elements in the columns to form compact elements and also the replacement of secondary elements with more efficient sections. Additional failures were identified such as the inadequate location of tension elements in the trusses and the need to locate San Andres cross members. The reinforcement will allow the building to perform better under service and seismic loads.Item Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Santa Rosa zona 2, Ambato, Ecuador: propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Carranza Calero, Diego Mauricio; Caiza Sánchez, Pablo EnriqueSeismic vulnerability is a magnitude that allows quantifying structural damage, failure modes and resistant capacity under the action of an earthquake, which is based on the characteristics of the structure. The present work was framed in the vulnerability analysis of metallic structures of the Santa Rosa parish, Zone 2, which has a high level of seismic hazard due to its location and proximity to several geological faults. It was found that most of the metal structure buildings analyzed present a high vulnerability index that indicates that they would suffer great damage in the event of an earthquake. The evaluation criteria used were based on three methodologies: NEC 15, FEMA P-154 and FUNVISIS: perform a more exhaustive analysis, draw vulnerability and seismic risk maps and identify a representative building to perform a detailed analysis and propose a reinforcement proposal, in this building three types of analysis were performed: static, spectral modal and Pushover to identify the critical points of the structure that should be reinforced.Item Análisis no lineal del puente de sección compuesta tipo de 135 metros de longitud usando SAP2000(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Calo Catota, Byron Patricio; Romo Proaño, Luis MarceloGiven the importance of bridges for the road, social and economic development of the country, the design and verification of seismic performance is imperative; this project takes a first step towards that goal by understanding the nonlinear behavior of typical Ecuadorian composite bridges. For this purpose, the case study of a steel bridge built in 2020 and located in province of Los Ríos, Ecuador, has been taken as a case study. To achieve this objective, we have taken bibliography present in articles, guides and normative standards, especially international; the nonlinear responses of components such as: superstructure, columns, elastomeric supports, vertical seismic bars, passive response of the fill in abutments and seismic restraints are proposed and constructed with the objective of representing the real behavior of a bridge against the earthquake of April 16, 2016 occurred in Ecuador, specifically the one registered in the city closest to the project (Portoviejo). The nonlinear time response analysis is performed in the commercial program and the behavior of the bridge and is obtained considering the two orthogonal components of the earthquake. The results obtained are displacements, velocities and accelerations of the superstructure and pier, moment-rotation in the central pier, force-displacement curves of the non-linear elements such as vertical bars, supports, braces, etc. From the above, it is possible to determine that there would be impact between beams-shear keys, superstructure - abutments and in the joint separating the multispam simple supported; it is also observed that certain components present limited levels of displacement such as fillers, vertical bars and columns; on the contrary, the element that would present the greatest damage are the shear keys in the central pile and elastomeric supports, especially their lateral response. The analysis of each component was developed in detail and appended for academic purposes, so that future research can apply this methodology to the evaluation of new and existing bridges.Item Determinación del desempeño sísmico económico de un edificio en acero, mediante la metodología del FEMA P-58 y su programa Pact.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023) Iza Chimbana, Néstor Gonzalo; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir JoséIn a country like Ecuador with great seismic danger, it is important to investigate methodologies that help to mitigate the damage that the structures could have in the occurrence of these seismic events. A methodology that allows determining the possible damage that the building could have, is the methodology described in the FEMA P-58, which allows us to know economic results and casualties in a probabilistic way. The present research work began by performing a seismic resistant analysis of a building, with a lateral load resistant system of special SMF moment resisting structural steel frames composed of HEB cruciform columns and IPE beams. We started designing the structures by means of a linear static and dynamic analysis. The structure has an adequate behavior and complies with the mandatory regulatory checks, such as checking the floor drifts, the design of its structural elements and connections. In order to carry out the design according to the FEMA P-58 methodology, it was necessary to perform a nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis, for which 11 seismic records were selected, which were scaled to different intensity levels and as a result information on displacements and floor accelerations was obtained. These were used for the application of the PACT tool of the FEMA P-58 methodology, which is a program that allowed us to determine the possible cost, repair time of the building, as well as injuries and deaths for the different levels of intensity.Item Análisis estructural del desempeño sísmico del edificio multifamiliar “Peña Mendoza” de hormigón armado de la ciudad de Santo Domingo de los Colorados, ubicado en la cooperativa 30 de Julio mediante el método de vibraciones(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Cabascango Chuquirima, César Augusto; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaSince the structure did not meet the expected seismic performance level, a vulnerability analysis was performed using qualitative and quantitative methods proposed in FEMA 154 and NEC 15. In the vulnerability analysis performed with the qualitative method proposed by FEMA 154 and NEC 15, a quick visual inspection of the entire structure was performed, taking into account each of the characteristics such as irregularity in plan and elevation, year of construction, construction code used; data necessary to calculate the degree of vulnerability of the structure, which presents a high degree of vulnerability according to FEMA 154 and a low vulnerability according to NEC 15. In the quantitative analysis, a linear analysis was carried out to determine the structural behavior, which complies with all the parameters established in the Ecuadorian Construction Standard NEC 15; subsequently, the non-linear analysis (pushover) determined that it does not comply with the performance levels expected and proposed by VISION 2000. Finally, a reinforcement was proposed through the implementation of shear walls that allowed an adequate level of structural performance in the event of an earthquake. As a result, the shear walls were able to reinforce the current structure, thus complying with the seismic performance expected in a basic structure.Item Análisis comparativo de los costos económicos y de la respuesta sísmica de una edificación considerando dos escenarios: la construcción técnica y la construcción informal, en la ciudad de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Ramos Moposita, Franklin Ruben; Peñafiel Valla, Gabriela LourdesBased on the existence of a large number of informally built structures in the city of Ambato, we proceeded to conduct field research to determine the actual background applied during the construction of an informal structure, despite the fact that the owner of the house obtained the permits and plans respectively approved; in addition, a quantitative research method was used by applying the static nonlinear analysis of such structure through a structural calculation software. With the information obtained in situ, the structure was modeled in the calculation software and a static analysis was performed to determine the linear behavior of the structure related to vibration periods, basal shear and floor drifts to compare it with the established in the Ecuadorian construction standard NEC 2015, also, the static nonlinear analysis (PUSHOVER) was applied obtaining the capacity curve and the performance point of the structure. The results of the nonlinear analysis of the structure induce its reinforcement by means of the metal casing technique with angles and plates in the case of the columns and in the case of the beams, the reinforcement is proposed using IPE 160 metal profiles in order to achieve and guarantee compliance with the performance levels expected for this type of structures, in addition this reinforcement significantly increases the cost of its construction.Item Análisis estructural del desempeño sísmico del edificio de Ciencias Aplicadas de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato, campus Huachi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Gutiérrez Claudio, Danny Alexander; Cevallos Cabrera, Jorge WashingtonEcuador is located in an area of high seismic hazard, therefore it is necessary to carry out an evaluation of the seismic performance of existing buildings. For this purpose, the study was carried out in the Applied Sciences building of the Technical University of Ambato, Huachi Campus. The performance analysis began with a quick visual inspection applying the FEMA P-154 and NEC 2015 forms, where the result of this technique corresponded to a medium-grade seismic vulnerability. Next, a spectral modal analysis was carried out, through which it was determined that the structure does not meet the earthquake resistance parameters established by the NEC 2015, therefore it was considered necessary to propose a reinforcement of the structure. At the level of global reinforcement, type V braces were implemented at levels N+3.24m to level N+ 16.20m in order to stabilize the structure. At the local level, in beams and columns, a sheathing of the structural elements was proposed through angles and steel plates. Analyzing the reinforced structure, it was verified that it complies with the NEC 2015 guidelines. Once the structure was stabilized, a non-linear static analysis or Pushover was carried out, verifying that it reached the objectives determined by the NEC 2015, for a rare earthquake the performance point is at the operational level, while for a very rare earthquake the performance is in collapse prevention.
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