Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Análisis comparativo del material proveniente de las canteras “Mollepamba”, “Rubí 2” y cantera Rumipamba de la provincia de Cotopaxi utilizado para la elaboración de base y subbase en la construcción de carreteras(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Supe Castro, Jonathan David; Viscaíno Cuzco, Mayra AlexandraThe comparative analysis of the material coming from the quarries “Mollepamba”, “Rubí 2” and “Rumipamba” in the province of Cotopaxi, Ecuador, was carried out due to several problems in the roads surrounding the sector that presented structural deficiencies in the granular base and subbase materials, producing subsidence, fissures, cracks among other problems that affect the trafficability and safety of the roads. The research analyzed the index and mechanical properties of the quarry materials through various laboratory tests to determine if they comply with the Ecuadorian road standard NEVI -12. The moisture content, Atterberg limits, granulometry, maximum density and bearing capacity (CBR) were evaluated. In addition, abrasion resistance, percentage of fractured faces and sulfate wear were tested to determine durability and wear resistance. The test results were compared between the three quarries to identify the suitability of the materials for base and subbase applications. The results show that the materials from the Mollepamba quarry met all the requirements of the Ecuadorian road standard NEVI-12, proving that they are suitable for use in road construction. The materials from the Rumipamba and Rubí 2 quarries comply with most of the parameters evaluated, indicating their good quality. These results emphasize the importance of carrying out thorough evaluations of the materials before using them in road projects.Item Influencia del tamaño nominal máximo del agregado fino en la resistencia a la compresión del hormigón simple(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Morejón Ortiz, Anthony Xavier; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaConcrete, known for its wide use in construction, is distinguished by its high compressive strength. However, certain elements, such as the maximum nominal size of the fine aggregate, can vary this strength. This research addresses how variation in fine aggregate size influences the compressive strength of plain concrete. This project studies the variations in the properties of aggregates with the sizes of #4, #8, #16, #30, #50 and #100 sieves to produce concrete according to NTE INEN standards. To obtain the dosage, the optimum density method of the Central University of Ecuador was used, varying according to the size and properties of the fine aggregate. Two strengths of 240 kg/cm2 and 280 kg/cm2 were considered, then 54 cylindrical specimens of simple concrete were prepared for each strength, 9 specimens for each nominal size of the fine aggregate, which were tested at 7, 14 and 28 days. To ensure control, 3 specimens were tested at each curing time interval and accurate information was obtained to correlate the achieved compressive strength of the plain concrete with respect to the nominal size of the fine aggregate. The results reveal a progressive decrease in compressive strength as the maximum nominal size of the fine aggregate is reduced, manifesting itself noticeably in the final strength at 28 days of curing. Likewise, variations in the properties of the finer aggregate are observed.Item Análisis de las propiedades físico-mecánicas de madera estructural ecuatoriana y su aplicación en el diseño de vivienda social(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Cruz Salinas, Cynthia Estefanía; Portilla Yandún, Favio PaúlFor the elaboration of this experimental work, samples of 9 species of wood used in the construction industry were obtained to determine their physical-mechanical properties. In each species, the tests of Compression Parallel to grain, Compression Perpendicular to grain, Static Flexion and Traction Parallel to grain were performed, both on wood samples in their natural moisture state (sawmill moisture) and on wood samples ovendried, to later analyze the different properties obtained at a humidity of 12% (by interpolation). With the obtained results for each species, comparative graphs were made of the variation of the resistance to Parallel Compression, Perpendicular Compression, Flexion, Traction and Elastic Modulus, observing the differences between the different species. In addition, an analysis of the variation of all properties as function of density of each wood species was carried out. It was observed that Yumbingue species samples presented the highest resistance to parallel compression, perpendicular compression and traction; while the highest flexural strength was presented by the Intachi species. Eucalyptus, in addition of being one of the most economical species, presented quite acceptable resistance values for all mechanical properties. Based on the analysis of the physical-mechanical properties of the wood species tested, the design and budget of a social interest house was elaborated using eucalyptus wood as primary material for the construction of the structureItem Análisis comparativo del peso y resistencia a compresión del hormigón convencional con un hormigón ligero de piedra pómez para una resistencia de diseño a compresión de F'C= 240 KG/CM^2 con diferentes porcentajes de aditivo superplastificante(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-03) Benalcázar Quiguango, Dayana Pamela; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego SebastiánThe purpose of the proposed experimental work is to determine the influence of pumice stone and superplasticizer additive in different percentages on the properties of density and compressive strength. To begin with, the materials to be used were gathered: the stone aggregates were obtained from different places of origin, fine aggregate (sand) from Salcedo, normal density coarse aggregate (gravel TMN=19 mm) from Ambato and low density coarse aggregate (pumice TMN=19 mm) from Latacunga, superplasticizer additive and cement type GU. After the materials were collected at the FICM Materials Testing Laboratory, they were tested according to INEN and ASTM standards. Next, the dosage was carried out according to ACI Method 211.1 and 211.2 for Conventional and Lightweight Concrete respectively for a design compressive strength of 240 kg/cm2 with the addition of percentages of 0, 0.8 and 1 percent of superplasticizer additive after investigation and recommendation of the manufacturer. Cylindrical specimens were prepared for each type of concrete with the proposed percentages of admixture and tested in compression at 7, 14 and 28 days of age. It was established that the optimum percentage of superplasticizing admixture is 1 percent for both conventional and lightweight concrete with densities and compressive strengths at 28 days of (2208.22 and 1561.42 Kg/m3) and (311.60 and 177.87 Kg/cm2) respectively.Item Evaluación del tráfico vehicular para dar solución al congestionamiento en intersección Camino el Rey y Miñarica de la ciudad de Ambato provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-03) Carvajal Flores, Daniel Esteban; Cañizares Proaño, Byron GenaroThe purpose of this work is the evaluation of vehicular traffic, with a manual vehicle count of twelve hours for seven days. The current analysis was carried out in four stations identified at the intersection and the vehicle capacity at each station was taken into account, taking into account the directions of movement. Once the data had been collected, the following information was obtained: the current Annual Average Daily Traffic, vehicle flows and their distribution at the intersection, which reflects the behavior of the intersection in the study. This information allows you to establish peak hours and vehicle demand. The future TPDA, the traffic characteristics of the vehicle and the traffic capacity of the crossing were determined to obtain the level of service. The traffic behavior began with the analysis of the flow of vehicles. Depending on the flow, density and speed. Finally, we develop linear mathematical models to characterize the traffic and obtain the appropriate solution. Through Thematic Maps it shows the degree of noise pollution registered around the intersection under investigation.Item Estudio de las propiedades físicas de zeolita natural (aluminosilicato) de tipo clinoptilolita para remplazo parcial del cemento portland(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-01) Salcedo Rivera, Verónica Elizabeth; Coello Fiallos, Diana CarolinaThis study shows physical and chemical characteristics of natural zeolites (ZN) called ZA, ZZ, ZI from outcrops of the Chongón Colonche Mountain range located in the Guayas province of Ecuador and of the cement Type GU (CGU) for commercial use, with the purpose to determine if they can be supplemental cement material (SCM). Physical characteristics (density and fineness applying INEN and ASTM standards), morphological characteristics in the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and elemental composition are determined by X-ray scattering spectroscopy (EDS). Prior to the tests, the samples that require grinding are prepared to obtain granules smaller than 75 microns. Densities of 3,071, 2,449, 2,511 and 2,494 grams per cubic centimeter and fineness percentages of 99.95, 99.04, 99.51, and 99.35 are obtained for CGU, ZA, ZZ and ZI, respectively. The experimental results, SEM micrographs and EDS spectra reveal that all samples have potential as SCM, highlighting ZA and ZZ with characteristics closer to CGU. All have a high pozzolanic capacity in the content of silica, alumina and iron oxide, exceeding the minimum specified by the ASTM C 618 standard. On the other hand, the siliconaluminum ratio between 2.67 and 4.83 shows the presence of clinoptilolites that have demonstrated efficacy as SCM. The compatibility in terms of its structure, sizes and chemical composition is obvious, however, for subsequent studies it should be taken into account that CGU cement is highly silicic compared to other cements used in studies with zeolites.Item Estudio comparativo de las propiedades físicas de aluminosilicatos del cantón Guayaquil para sustitución parcial del cemento portland IP(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-01) Fernández Álvarez, Ramiro Paul; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza ElizabethSince cement is a natural or artificial material present in almost all the buildings in the world, it is normal to say that it is the consumer of large amounts of natural resources and emitter of carbon dioxide, so there is a need to find a substitute of cement for sustainable and environmentally friendly materials. In the Civil Engineering laboratories, the physical (morphology, density, grain size, fineness) and chemical properties of the aluminosilicates ZA, ZI, ZZ (zeolites) of the canton of Guayaquil were compared with those of Selva Alegre IP cement. Apply the density test using the NTE INEN-156 standard, obtaining values of ZZ equal to 2,514, ZI equal to 2,485, and ZA equal to 2,445 grams on cubic centimeter by pycnometer calibration and other values of ZZ equal to 2,353, ZI equal at 2,233, and ZA equal to 2,408 grams per cubic centimeter at room temperature, which indicate that the density of the zeolite is very variable. I present the final percentages of fineness according to NTE INEN-489 of the samples of ZZ equal to 99.51, ZA equal to 99.04, ZI equal to 99.35, which are optimal in constructions and are compared with the percentage of IP cement equal to 99.72, grinding and granulometric graphs are also presented as an additional contribution to the investigation. On the other hand, the morphological and chemical characterization is indicated, by microscopy, the EDS showed a homogeneous distribution of elements of the zeolites with respect to the cement, but a heterogeneous quantity in percentages of each element. Defined cubic crystalline structures and other amorphous forms with dimensions from 1 to 20 microns were observed in the SEM of IP cement, differing from ZZ, ZI, ZA that presented crystals with irregular surfaces and undefined, elongated and polyhedral structures with dimensions ranging from 1 to 50 microns. The final results of the physical and chemical tests show the feasibility of using these aluminosilicates as a material with potential cementing characteristics to be a substitute for Selva Alegre IP Portland cement.Item Estudio del comportamiento de hormigón lanzado en la estabilización de taludes, para suelos limosos con pendientes mayores a los 60 grados en el km 2 + 240 en el paso lateral del cantón Ambato provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) López López, Luis Rafael; Pérez Maldonado, Ruth LorenaIn the present project, began with the sampling of the slope, which is located in the lateral passage of the Ambato Town, these analyzes were developed in the soil laboratories of the Central University of Ecuador (UCE), applying ASTM standards: Granulometry ASTM D422, Humidity ASTM D2216-10 and Direct Cut ASTM D3080, being necessary to obtain the angle of friction and the cohesion of the slope floor, which allow us to obtain the safety factor (FS). The safety factor (F.S) was determined with the method of Fellenius or the same slices that were made in the Excel spreadsheet, programmatically. With the FS obtained, it was determined that the slope is unstable since it gave us a lower value than allowed (FS <1.5) within the stability required for it, since the soil composition is also of very low quality (sandy-silty ). With the analysis of the slope, it was determined that it must be stabilized by the use of the concrete released, since it lends great stability to slopes, walls, etc., and prevents future landslides from occurring, since due to Its excellent stability performance is highly recommended for such work. Ways of how to place and with which other structural elements to combine are indicated, such as: electro-welded mesh and anchors, which further help the stability of the slope. It was determined that the behavior of the concrete thrown on slopes is excellent since it almost immediately prevents landslides, and thus avoids future problems within the road.