Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Determinación de la dosificación para la elaboración de adoquines en la planta de adoquines de la parroquia San Isidro de Patulu, cantón Guano, utilizando los materiales de las minas del sector, incluyendo un manual de procedimientos.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil., 2025-02) Barrionuevo Brito, Anthony Javier; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaThe utilization of local materials is presented as an efficient alternative, facilitating the production of high-quality pavers that play an essential role in urban development. This strategy contributes to establishing a technical foundation, enabling the development of solutions in the construction sector, fostering economic growth, and enhancing the social well-being of the communities involved. The research was conducted using an experimental approach, evaluating the physical and mechanical properties of the materials based on the INEN 872 standard. In this phase, key characteristics such as granulometry and density were analyzed to ensure their compatibility in mixtures. Subsequently, a procedural manual was developed, detailing guidelines for executing the activities. Next, the mix design for the paver production was carried out based on the ACI method, where test cylinders were subjected to compression tests, yielding results of 60.77 MPa and 60.99 MPa at 28 days, indicating that the mix design is optimal. Following this, the paver mix design with a tensile strength of 30 MPa was developed, and as part of quality control, tests were performed according to the NTE INEN 3040 standard, yielding satisfactory results. Finally, it was concluded that the mix design was successful, as the average results for the indirect tensile strength of the pavers reached 3.604 MPa, demonstrating that this experimental work promotes an efficient construction model.Item Análisis del comportamiento del hormigón asfáltico mezclado con fibra de vidrio, utilizando el ensayo Marshall(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-01) Bonilla Bravo, Erick Nicolás; Moreira Cedeño, Fricson LutgardoThe widespread use of traditional asphalt concrete over time has revealed deterioration in roads due to vehicular traffic, weather conditions, and a lack of maintenance. Recognizing this, efforts have been made to improve with innovative techniques and new materials to achieve greater strength, durability, cost reduction, and shorter maintenance times on roads. In this study, a sample was obtained from the Salvador quarry, and a series of tests were conducted on the aggregates to determine their suitability for the development of asphalt briquettes. These tests included particle size distribution, specific gravity of fine aggregates, specific gravity of coarse aggregates, and abrasion or wear of coarse aggregates. Fiberglass was incorporated into the asphalt mixture using the Marshall methodology, and the optimum asphalt content was determined by preparing three briquettes for each of the percentages: 5.00, 5.50, 6.00, 6.50, and 7.00 percent, resulting in an optimal content of 6.45 percent. Similarly, to establish the optimum percentage of fiberglass, the results obtained for percentages of 5.00, 7.50, 10.00, 15.00, and 25.00 percent were compared, with 5.00 percent yielding the best characteristics and properties. Upon completing all phases of the research, it is concluded that fiberglass asphalt concrete exhibits 11.05 percent less stability than traditional asphalt concrete. However, all its other properties meet Marshall criteria, except for asphalt-filled voids, which exceed them by 5.50 percent.Item Análisis del módulo de elasticidad estático en base a la resistencia a la compresión del hormigón fabricado con agregado grueso de materiales reciclados obtenidos de las escombreras y su comparación con hormigones preparados en condiciones normales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-07) Villacrés Tirado, Vladimir Jonathan; Navarro Peñaherrera, Carlos PatricioDue to the need to know the properties of the concrete, specifically the static modulus of elasticity elaborated with recycled concrete coarse aggregate, based on the compressive strength, the obtaining of a formula for its calculation, and its comparison with one made with coarse aggregates under normal conditions, the following analysis is carried out. For this purpose, tests were carried out to obtain the characteristics and mechanical properties of the aggregates from recycled concrete from the "Acosta" mine. Once the necessary data were obtained by means of the optimum density method, the mixture was designed to meet the specified strengths of 21 Mpa and 28 Mpa at the age of 28 days, then concrete specimens were made in cylinders of 10 cm diameter x 20 cm high using Holcim GU type hydraulic cement, without additives. Triaxial simple compression tests were carried out at 28 days after the concrete had set and, in accordance with ASTM C469, the static modulus of elasticity corresponding to each specimen was obtained. They were compared with the modulus of elasticity calculated with the equation established by ACI 318. Finally, practical equations are proposed that allow the calculation of the static modulus of elasticity of concrete, as a function of strength, for concrete made with coarse aggregates from recycled concrete.Item Resistencia a compresión del hormigón preparado a partir de materiales reciclados(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-03) Mayorga Amaguaya, Larot David; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaThe present investigation seeks to solve the great problem of contamination generated by waste from the construction sector with reference to demolitions and debris generated in cities, applying the reuse of these same materials to reduce the volume towards dumps, which direct sustainable constructions. The percentage of recycled concrete aggregate that can be partially replaced by coarse natural aggregate and its influence on compressive strength was determined. For this, recycled concrete from tested cylinders, sidewalk residues, among others, was collected; the properties of the aggregates were obtained according to the INEN and ASTM standards; Subsequently, the dosage was carried out by the Optimum Density Method for a resistance of 210 kilograms per square centimeter with the replacement of percentages of recycled aggregate from 10, 15, 30, 60 and 100 percent according to the weight of the coarse aggregate, and at its At the same time, concrete specimens prepared in the traditional way were made for the comparison of their resistance. In this way, it was identified that the greater the amount of recycled aggregate, its compressive strength decreases, evidencing that it is feasible to make replacements with percentages lower than 30 percent, since both 10 and 15 percent present favorable design values such as 214.54 and 211.57 kilograms. per square centimeter at 28 days.Item Estudio del módulo de elasticidad estático del hormigón en base a su resistencia a la compresión fabricado con materiales de las minas: mora ubicada en el cantón Ambato provincia de Tungurahua y Cantera Volcán ubicada en el cantón Baños provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Masaquiza Páez, Nathaly Michelle; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaIt is necessary for the calculator to be able to know with certainty the value of the modulus of elasticity of the concrete that has to be elaborated with the materials of the area, the selected mines, provide in great quantity the stone aggregate used in the construction in the province of Tungurahua, Therefore, defining the modulus of elasticity of the concrete made with these aggregates is a great contribution to society, since the values obtained represent a reliable and safe source. The characterization tests of the aggregates allowed to adapt an appropriate and personalized dosage by means of the optimal density method, in the elaboration of cylindrical test specimens for resistances of 210 and 280 kg/square centimeters at 28 days of age according to the ASTM C-469 standard. Based on the previous results, the ka and kb factors were determined for light and normal weight concrete, respectively, values that vary significantly from those proposed by the A.C.I. 318 and A.C.I. 363. These new values will be used to calculate a real modulus of static elasticity of concrete, which will ultimately be reflected in the optimization and reduction of uncertainties in the design of structures to be built with the two mines.Item Efectos de la adición de aceite usado de motor en las propiedades mecánicas de mezclas asfálticas en caliente(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-07) Martínez Herrera, Carlos Jefferson; Núñez Aldás, Galo WilfridoIn the present work, hot asphalt mixtures were prepared using the Marshall method with the addition of used motor oil in the Alvarado Quarry. First, the aggregates were sampled and transported, then the physical and mechanical properties were tested, and then the asphalt cement was sampled. Forty-five test specimens (briquettes) were made, with oil contents from 0 to 2 percent, making fifteen specimens for each consecutive percentage. The used motor oil was added to the asphalt mix as a fraction of the asphalt cement by weight, following the procedure established in ASTM D 1559, AASHTO T 245 and AASHTO T 225. Once the briquettes were made, they were tested to obtain the percentages of stability and flow, where it was determined that the optimum percentage of asphalt in the conventional mix is 6.07 percent and complies with the requirements of the Nevi-12 Standard, while the optimum percentage of the mixes modified with used motor oil at 1 and 2 percent were 6.35 and 6.42 percent, the mixes satisfy stability parameters, however, the flow values are high, and an increase in the void content was also evidenced as the used motor oil content increased.Item Análisis del módulo de elasticidad estático del hormigón estructural en base a su resistencia a la compresión, fabricado con materiales de las minas Trópico de Capricornio y Santa Isabel, ubicadas en el sector El Barranco cantón Mera en la provincia de Pastaza(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2020-09) Flores Medina, Pablo Xavier; Medina Robalino, Wilson SantiagoThe present experimental work began with the sampling of the aggregates of the two mines, following the guidelines of INEN 695 and their subsequent reduction to test size according to INEN 2566; Therefore, arid characterization studies were developed to decree their suitability to be used in structural concrete identified in INEN 872; in addition to achieving the actual density of INEN 156 cement. Based on the above, the design of mixtures with their respective dosage was developed for the compression resistances of the 21 and 28 Mpa concrete, with the help of the optimal density method. A single dosage was used because in test trials if they achieved the expected resistances; a total of 84 specimens were then tested according to INEN 3124;with their respective fresh trials such as: INEN 1763 sampling, density, air content and INEN 1579 performance, INEN 1578 settlement; as well as in hardened state obtaining the resistances to INEN 1573 compression at ages 7, 14, 21 and 27 days, making it possible to graph the curves age vs resistance to compression and stress vs deformation of structural concrete. Finally, the static elasticity modulus of concrete was determined according to ASTM C469 and accordingly the constants are proposed for local adaptation depending on the origin of material equation used that is presented in the present experimental work.Item Correlación entre las propiedades físico-mecánicas del mortero de cemento Portland y el mortero de cal estabilizado con almidón de arroz(2020) Pico Sánchez, Víctor Alejandro; Portilla Yandún, Favio PaúlThis paper investigates the incidence of rice starch applied to a lime mortar, in addition to replicating the process used in the construction of the Chinese wall, dosing a mortar that accomplish the specifications of “O” type glue mortar of 24 Kilograms per square centimeter at 28 days. For that reason the dosage of three types of mortars was carried out: normal lime mortar (1:2 dosage) MNC 1:2, lime mortar stabilized with sticky rice (1:2 dosage) MCEA 1:2 and cement mortar (dosage 1:5) MCP 1:5. The partial replacement of rice starch in the volume of water of the mash is crucial to determine the optimum percentage of rice starch to be used. A range of 0,5 percent to 4,0 percent of additive was used, with variation of 0,5 percent being subjected to compression tests each lime mortar with that variation of additive to identify the optimal percentage. The inclusion of rice starch in the lime mortar increases the compressive strength by the chemical reaction that occurs between calcium carbonate (hydraulic lime) and amylopectin being an abundant component in rice. The lime mortar stabilized with rice starch MCEA 1:2 has a resistance of 25,52 Kilograms per square centimeter so that accomplish the characteristics of a mortar of glue “O” type that have 24 Kilograms per square centimeter at 28 days.Item Comparación del comportamiento de viga armada con modificaciones en la colocación de los aceros transversales vs una típicamente armada para el mejoramiento ante esfuerzos de corte y flexión(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2017) Gamboa Armijo, Pablo Fidel; Navarro Peñaherrera, Carlos PatricioThe present study focuses on the improvement of the resistance to the shear and bending stresses that appear in the beam. This was the idea of different types of beam crossings. The different types of transverse reinforcement of the beams are compared with a beam with typically reinforced transverse steels. The research is carried out by using the coarse and fine aggregates of the quarry "Villacrés" and in turn the "Holcim" cement. The results obtained from the beams with their different types of reinforcement are determined by the bending test. In turn, the results are compared in percent to identify the improvements that can appear in the beams before the cutting and flexing efforts with their different types of cross-sectional arcs.Item Análisis comparativo de la resistencia a compresión entre bloques tradicionales y bloques elaborados con poliestireno expandido granular y bloques elaborados con tusa de maíz triturado como sustituto parcial del agregado grueso(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2017) Chicaiza Llumipanta, Verónica Abigail; Frías Torres, Alex XavierThe present experimental work deals with the analysis of the compressive strength of traditional blocks, blocks made with polystyrene and blocks made with corn cob a partial substitute of the coarse aggregate, in addition it has the objective of defining the optimal percentages of substitution. In the first instance, tests were carried out in the coarse aggregate from the mines located in the sector of Chasqui-Lasso and the sand of the mine of the city of Salcedo, in the Laboratory of Materials Testing of the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering of the Technical University of Ambato,also in the corn cob and the polystyrene granulometry was verified. With these references and results, the dosage for blocks with compressive strength of 25.5 kg / cm2 of NTE INEN 638 was calculated. Compressive strength tests were performed at 7, 14, 28 days of age, in partial substitution of 5%, 10%, 15% 25% and 50% with polystyrene and corn cob. The compressive strength in the traditional block was 26.57 kg / cm2, it is concluded that as it is substituted in percentages, the block decreases both in weight and in resistance. Determining that the optimal percentage with polystyrene is 5% and 10% on the other hand, for corn kernel it is 5% compression resistance results that meets the required value of 17.34 kg / cm2 for block Class C Alleviating in slabs of NTE INEN 3066, so also the blocks comply with the percentage of absorption less than 15%.