Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica

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    Análisis de las propiedades mecánicas de la madera de ciprés (CUPRESSUS), provenientes de la provincia de Tungurahua y su factibilidad como material estructural de acuerdo a la norma ecuatoriana de la construcción 2015 (NEC 2015)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Delgado Lucio, Mario Eduardo; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza Elizabeth
    The present experimental study aims to provide precise and detailed data on the mechanical properties of cypress wood, with a focus on its behavior under perpendicular bending to the grain and parallel tensile forces to the grain. The wood samples used in the tests were obtained from three specific locations: the Cárcel and Macasto sawmills in the Ambato canton and a sawmill in the Quero canton, all located in the province of Tungurahua. This approach allowed for an assessment of the influence of the wood's origin on its mechanical properties. To develop the tests, a survey of the sawmills and their respective mechanical properties, such as load capacity, modulus of elasticity, and allowable stress, was conducted as an initial methodological step to identify representative sources of cypress wood in Tungurahua province. The tests were carried out following the guidelines of ASTM A143-94, which establishes procedures for specimen preparation and testing. Five specimens were manufactured for each type of mechanical test, resulting in a total of 30 samples analyzed. Additionally, physical properties, such as moisture content in green and dry states, were evaluated in accordance with the specifications of NTE INEN 896 (2013). This ensured uniform initial conditions of the samples, a critical factor in obtaining reliable results. In the mechanical tests, the modulus of elasticity and allowable stresses were determined using the formulas established in ASTM D198. The results showed that cypress wood exhibits suitable mechanical properties for structural applications, particularly in perpendicular bending to the grain. In this regard, the wood from the Cárcel, Macasto, and Quero sawmills stood out for its remarkable resistance. However, the results for parallel tensile forces were lower than the requirements for demanding structural applications. In conclusion, cypress wood is a viable option for structures subjected to bending stresses, provided its limitations in parallel tension are considered. This highlights the importance of carefully selecting its use based on the demands of the structural design.
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    Análisis del comportamiento a compresión y corte puro de hormigón permeable para distintas relaciones agua/cemento con adición de fibras de polipropileno
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Núñez Pérez, José David; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir José
    Pervious concrete is a material widely used as pavement in surface layers; however, its use is limited to lower load conditions due to its porous structure. Its application contributes to reduce problems generated by surface runoff such as flooding, soil erosion, and reduction of groundwater resources. Despite the existence of multiple investigations on their design and properties, a limitation has been identified in the analysis of their behavior under shear stresses. This property is crucial due to the fragility of concrete under such conditions, which can cause sudden failures in its structure. The research focused on analyzing the pure compressive and shear strength of permeable concrete for water/cement ratios of 0.30 and 0.35, and the addition of polypropylene macrofibers at 2.50 and 4.00 kilograms per cubic meter. The dosage was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the ACI Committee PRC-522-23, using 1/2 inch gravel and 10 percent sand. Prior to obtaining the mechanical properties, physical properties such as density, porosity and permeability were determined. Subsequently, compressive strength was determined based on the NTE INEN 1573/ASTM C39 standard, while shear strength was obtained through an experimental procedure based on Push-Off tests, for which three beam configurations with different dimensions and reinforcements were evaluated in order to identify the fracture mechanisms involved. The results showed that a change in the water/cement ratio had a greater influence on the mechanical properties of the permeable concrete, increasing the compressive and shear strength by approximately 31 and 70 percent, respectively. On the other hand, the addition of polypropylene macrofibers showed a greater impact on shear strength, improving it by up to 55 percent. To carry out the shear analysis, a beam model was selected, reinforced internally with 6 mm rods and externally with glass fiber adhered to the lateral faces by means of a layer of mortar.
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    Análisis de las propiedades mecánicas de la madera de canelo proveniente de la ciudad del Puyo provincia de Pastaza y su factibilidad como material estructural de acuerdo con la norma Ecuatoriana de la Construcción 2015 (NEC 2015)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Ponce Romero, Carlos Andrés; Bayas Altamirano, Myriam Marisol
    The objective of this experimental work is to provide information on the mechanical properties of canelo wood (perpendicular bending and traction parallel to the fiber) from the urban parish: Puyo, and the rural parishes: El Triunfo, Veracruz and Tarqui, province of Pastaza, and reveal the maximum stress, modulus of elasticity and resistance to parallel traction and perpendicular bending to the grain that this type of wood presents. The research was based on the ASTM D143-94 regulations for the preparation of the test pieces, in which 6 samples were made for each test and both physical and mechanical properties were determined. In the physical tests, the moisture content was determined in the green or freshly cut state and dry state, which complies with the parameters given by the NTE INEN 896 (2013) standard, while for the mechanical tests the elastic modulus and the admissible stresses in axial bending and parallel traction of each of the parish specimens, governed by the formulas established by the ASTM D198 standard. According to the results of the analyzes given of the 48 samples of canelo wood, it was established that this type of wood can be used as a structural material, since its calculated mechanical properties gave significant values, taking into consideration that the wood Coming from the Puyo urban parish, it had better resistance in parallel traction and perpendicular bending to the fiber.
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    Análisis comparativo del material proveniente de las minas: “Kumochi”, “Los Muelles” y “Cantera El Salvador” del cantón Ambato utilizado para la elaboración de base y subbase en la construcción de carreteras
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-03) Aldas Ramos, Alexis Emilio; López Arboleda, Alex Gustavo
    Due to the state of the roads of the Ambato Canton in general, the initiative arose to study in depth the construction of the same, since the construction process of a road generally involves three layers, which in turn are composed of material from the different qualified mines of the canton. From the material selected from these mines, samples of fine aggregate (washed sand) and coarse aggregate (screened gravel) were taken with which laboratory tests were carried out that determined their index properties (natural humidity, Atterberg limits, granulometry, modified Proctor and relative density), the California Bearing Ratio test to determine the bearing capacity, tests to determine the physical and mechanical properties (strength of the aggregates and resistance to abrasion) and the assay to determine the percentage of fractured faces of the coarse aggregate; where the material of the mine "El Salvador" was as the one with better characteristics in addition to having a lower cost per cubic meter; however, the aggregates from the "Kumochi" and "Los Muelles" mines also met the quality standards stipulated by the Ecuadorian Road Standard; In addition, the aggregates of all the mines presented normal values according to their type.
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    Análisis de las propiedades mecánicas, tracción paralela a la fibra y flexión perpendicular a la fibra de la madera de capulí, proveniente de la provincia de Tungurahua y su factibilidad como material estructural de acuerdo con la norma ecuatoriana de la construcción 2015 (NEC 2015)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-03) Aldás Ramos, Daysi Eliana; Bayas Altamirano, Myriam Marisol
    This research seeks to provide information on the use of capulí wood from the cantons of Ambato, Cevallos, Mocha, Pelileo, Santiago de Píllaro, Quero and Tisalelo, as a structural material in construction. This experimental work complies with the parameters established in the standards ASTM D143-94, ASTM D198, NTE INEN 896 and NEC-SE-MD 2015, from which samples of green or freshly cut wood were extracted and specimens of capulí wood with a natural drying process were elaborated. By means of physical tests, the moisture content in the dry and green state was determined, and by means of mechanical tests, the modulus of elasticity and admissible stress were determined. In addition, the results obtained in each canton were used to create load vs. deformation graphs; stress vs. unit deformation; comparative tables of the results obtained and zoning maps. Based on the analysis carried out on 84 capulí wood specimens, it was determined that capulí wood can be used as a structural material, since it presented representative values in the mechanical tests carried out, being the wood from the Ambato canton the one that showed a higher resistance to both parallel traction and static bending.
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    Análisis de las propiedades físico-mecánicas y CBR de suelos cohesivos de subrasante mezclados con partículas de tereftalato de polietileno (PET)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-09) Ocampo Guerrero, Nancy Patricia; Castro Solorzano, Fidel Alberto
    The purpose of this experimental work is to analyze the physical-mechanical and CBR properties of natural cohesive soils and cohesive soils combined with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) particles, to be used in the formation of subgrade. For the research, 4 samples of natural soil were taken from 3 different points within the Sevilla don Bosco parish in Morona Canton, province of Morona Santiago with a total of 12 samples of cohesive soil, for which the topsoil was removed and approximately 40 kilograms of the natural sample were collected; polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles were also collected and crushed at the Proplasticmax S.A. recycling company. Field and laboratory tests were carried out with natural soil samples and soil samples combined with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) particles, determining: soil type, characteristics, physical-mechanical properties, and CBR. An increase in CBR from 8.4 percent to 11.4 percent was observed. The results obtained in the CBR test, together with the results of the vehicular analysis, were used in the design of the structure of flexible pavement and these thicknesses were compared, obtaining a reduction of 5 centimeters in the total thickness of the road structure.
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    Análisis teórico-experimental de la resistencia a la compresión del hormigón y su influencia en el módulo de elasticidad estático en el cantón Santo Domingo de los Colorados, provincia de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-09) Chacón Santos, Víctor Steve; Guevara Robalino, Jorge Javier
    This research work was carried out by taking samples of stone materials from the "Brisas del Toachi" and "Copeto" mines using INEN 695 standards, then a sample reduction was made according to INEN 2566, continuing with the investigation of some physical mechanical characteristics indicated in INEN 872 in order to make a dosage for a structural concrete and determine the actual density of cement using INEN 156. The mix design was made for each mine with its respective dosage using the method of optimum densities for concrete compressive strengths of 210 and 240 kilograms over square centimeters. Once the dosages were obtained for each mine, concrete specimens were made for their respective curing using INEN 3124 standard; fresh concrete tests were carried out, such as: sampling INEN 1763; density, air content and yield INEN 1579, settlement INEN 1578; hardened concrete tests were carried out to determine the compressive strength at 3, 7 and 28 days INEN 1573. With this we have access to information that allows us to interpret and graph these values for a better understanding and analysis of them. Finally, the experimental MEE is determined by using the ASTM C469 standard and with this, the use of values for the factors exposed in the ACI 318-14 standard and its correct adaptation according to the use of the materials of the mines studied is proposed.