Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Propuesta de un plan de rehabilitación de la capa de rodadura de la vía Cunchibamba – San Andrés, desde el tramo km 0+000 hasta km 4+400 entre los cantones Ambato - Píllaro, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-03) Fuentes Salazar, Christian Patricio; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego SebastiánDue to the poor condition of the asphalt layer of the road under study, the road rehabilitation plan is presented, which consisted of a georeferenced survey, using a GPS, a digital model of the road was built, the estimation continued through the location of a counting station for 7 days in 12-hour periods, the future TPDA was estimated for the road in a period of 20 years, maintaining its road classification according to the MTOP as a class III collector road. Through laboratory tests of the samples obtained every 1.0 km, it was found that the predominant type of soil on the road is "Silty Sand", with a general classification of CBR as "Good" subgrade. With the use of the Benkelman beam, a type of deflection III was obtained, which presents a "good" behavior of the subgrade and a "bad" behavior of the pavement. The determination of the state of the pavement consisted of a visual inspection considering the different types of anomalies existing on the road, ending with a total PCI of 30.86 percent, classifying the state of the road as "bad", requiring rehabilitation. The proposal to follow consists of a rehabilitation of the complete structure of the road, which includes 6 necessary items for a monetary value of 731,450.72 dollars, in order to improve the current state of the road and the safety and comfort of drivers.Item Análisis comparativo de la resistencia a compresión del hormigón tradicional con hormigón al emplear biomasa natural torrefactada(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-02) Miranda Rogel, María Fernanda; Frías Torres, Alex XavierIn order to make the most of renewable resources and innovate concrete with unusual materials, this experimental work included the production of a traditional conventional concrete and a concrete with the addition of natural biomass ash torrefied in 5, 10, 15 and 25 percent for your comparison. Laboratory tests of all the aggregates that make up the concrete mixture were carried out, being of granulometry, specific weight and absorption capacity. Once the properties of the aggregates were determined, the dosage was carried out using the Optimal Density method, where the elaboration of 45 cylindrical specimens was included, the same ones that were evaluated at 7, 14 and 28 days of age. Once the concrete specimens were made, the real density was analyzed in the fresh state and in the hardened state, later the compressive strength was determined, verifying how the torrefied natural biomass influences the properties of the concrete. The results obtained showed that the densities were optimal since they were within the ranges established for ordinary concrete; In terms of compressive strength, the addition of torrefied natural biomass increased at early ages in certain percentages much more than traditional concrete. Finally, the concrete that had a higher resistance to compression was the concrete with the addition of 10 percent of natural biomass, demonstrating an improvement in the resistance to compression without losing the properties that characterize a concrete that is of good quality.Item La resistencia a la compresión del hormigón y su influencia en el módulo de elasticidad estático en el cantón Tena, provincia de Napo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Valle Valle, David Alexander; Frías Torres, Alex XavierThe present report consists of determining a formula for the calculation of the static modulus of elasticity based on the compressive strength of the concrete obtained with the use of aggregates acquired in quarries located in the Province of Napo, Canton Tena. For this purpose, tests were carried out to determine the properties and characteristics of the aggregates from the "Planta de Asfalto GAD Municipal de Tena" and the "Venecia 38" mine. Once the necessary data had been obtained, the Optimum Density method was applied to design the concrete mix to meet the specified strength of 24 MPa at the age of 28 days and subsequently concrete specimens of 10 cm diameter x 20 cm high were made using type IP hydraulic cement, without additives. By means of simple compression tests performed at 28 days of concrete maturity and in accordance with ASTM C469, the Moduli of Elasticity corresponding to the specimens previously selected for the test were obtained and a comparison was made with the Moduli of Elasticity calculated with the equations established by ACI 318 and ACI 363. Finally, practical equations are proposed that allow the calculation of the static modulus of elasticity of concrete as a function of its strength for concrete made with aggregates from the "Planta de Asfalto GAD Municipal de Tena" and the "Venecia 38" mine.Item Correlación entre el CBR, DCP, propiedades índice y mecánicas en suelos de las parroquias Huambaló y Cotaló, cantón Pelileo, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-09) Carvajal Villacres, Lisett Nataly; Frías Torres, Alex XavierThe purpose of this experimental work is to determine the correlations between the laboratory CBR and the index and mechanical properties of the soils of the Huambaló and Cotaló parishes of the Pelileo canton, province of Tungurahua. Three roads were randomly selected in each parish. For each road, two open pits were drilled, where field tests were performed (field density and DCP) and a representative sample of the soil present was extracted for laboratory tests (Atterberg limits, specific gravity, granulometry, compaction and CBR). Once the tests were concluded, the data obtained were processed and analyzed, allowing us to know the type and characteristics of the soil. In addition, correlations between soil properties were developed, obtaining a total of 25. These correlations were acceptable to excellent, since their coefficient of determination varied between 50 and 100 percent. Finally, the design of a flexible pavement was carried out using the AASHTO 93 standard, both for the laboratory CBR and the CBR obtained by correlation with the DCP. There was no considerable variation in the theoretical thicknesses obtained, so 15 cm of subbase, 10 cm for the base and 5 cm of asphalt binder were proposed for both cases.Item Correlación entre el CBR, DCP, las propiedades índice y mecánicas en los suelos de la parroquia Río Verde del cantón Baños, provincia de Tungurahua.”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-08) Cortez Pastuña, Evelyn Yanileysi; Portilla Yandún, Favio PaúlThe purpose of this present experimental work is to determine correlations between the laboratory CBR and the index and mechanical properties of the soils of the Río Verde parish of the Baños de Agua Santa canton, Tungurahua province. Twelve places were selected for sampling, these places are strategic points adjacent to the road, at least 500 meters away for the collection of samples from the pits in which different types of soils were obtained. For the tests carried out in-situ, the Dynamic Penetration Cone and the Ottawa Cone and Sand were used for field density. The laboratory tests carried out were: Atterberg limits, the determination of specific gravity, the granulometry, the compaction test for modified Proctor "B" and the CBR test. When processing the data, the CBR, the DCP and the index properties are correlated to obtain the equations and coefficients of determination, choosing the resulting values greater than 50 percent.Item La adición de bolsas plásticas en la elaboración de bloques de adobe para viviendas unifamiliares y su efecto en la variación de temperatura y acondicionamiento acústico en el cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Cabay Cepeda, Sandra Rocío; Núñez Aldás, Galo WilfridoThe present investigation intends to evaluate the use of plastic bags in the manufacture of blocks of adobe, with the objective of determining the thermal variation and the acoustic conditioning; for this analysis, dosages were established with the addition of 5%, 10% and 15% of crushed plastic bags, independently of the adobe elaborated in the traditional way, which were evaluated in the form of a panel using a hermetic chamber, which by means of the use of equipment The insulating properties of each block were determined. To validate the proposed tests, a comparison was made between traditional adobe; and the adobe blocks with the addition of plastic bags, which exceeded the insulating properties of the traditional block, both in the faces of the wall, and in the environments. In addition, the acoustic properties were evaluated, which presented favorable results, with a direct relationship with the addition of plastic bags, and achieving a comfortable indoor environment, in the face of external noise. Similarly, the compressive strength of adobes presented higher values than the one stated in the E0.80 standard, but when the percentage of plastic bags increased to 15%, this factor decreased, whereas the adobe block added 10%. of plastic bags presented greater thermal and acoustic insulation capacity; together with a resistance of 12.19 kg /cm2, keeping the three parameters in balance, and complying with the provisions of the regulations, so that it can be applied in future studies.Item Determinación de procesos de tratamiento de efluentes de lavadoras de carros en el cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2018) Castro Mejía, Christian Santiago; Morales Fiallos, Fabián RodrigoThe following research study is aimed at determining the processes that allow the improvement in the residual waters coming from the car washing machines of Ambato, province of Tungurahua. Thus, a field and experimental investigation is carried out that allowed to know the current state that present the washing machines that work in the city. The flow rates of 10 washing machines under study were determined as well as and the volume they occupy in the washing of three types of cars (cars, trucks, 4x4) From the field study of the ten washing machines, the volumes used in the washing of the three types of study for the determination of flow rates were obtained. The average output flow was 6.98 L / min, the average volume of water used in the car wash, truck and 4x4 is 88.52 L, 122.49 L and 113.90 L respectively. The physico - chemical parameters of the waste water coming from the washing of cars were analyzed in the laboratory of the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering of the Technical University of Ambato, obtaining results that exceed the maximum permissible limits of the TULSMA except for the sedimentable solids. Through an analysis of studies reported in the literature, it was determined that the efficient wastewater treatment processes from car washers are the implementation of screening, sedimentation, aeration, moringa seeds, secondary sedimentation, duckweed and filtration. For the selection of the appropriate filtering material, the thesis data made by students of the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering of the Technical University of Ambato is taken, being the gravel and activated carbon the optimal materials.Item Análisis de la resistencia a compresión del hormigón al reemplazar parcialmente el agregado fino por escoria siderúrgica de horno eléctrico(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2018) Laica Fernández, Darío Javier; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza ElizabethThe objective of the experimental work was to analyze the results obtained through tests of the ZHIMADZU compression machine, model CONCRETO 2000X for specimens of 100mm diameter by 200mm height with partial substitutions of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of fine aggregate by steel slag for ages of 14, 28 and 60 days of age in addition to undergoing death and death by 60 days of age, to determine how it influences the resistance to compression. In order to carry out the concrete tests, the analysis of the aggregates in the elaboration of the concrete for the design of the mixture with a density of 240 kg / cm2 was used, reaching to determine the granulometry, the loose bulk density, the compacted bulk density, Relative density and absorption capacity as described in Standards NTE INEN 696, 858, 856, 857 and 156. Once the appropriate dosage was made, 96 specimens were prepared for their designs. The specimens were processed to perform the compression tests at 14, 28 and 60 days of age, obtaining information on how to influence the steel slag in the compressive strength in cement in its different percentages of magnesium sulfate replacement. MgSO4, under the criterion of ACI318-14, where it was possible to notice the disintegration of the cement paste, the increase in its dimensions, the appearance of microcracks and a great loss of resistance after having been subjected to cycles of immersion, drying and cooling in magnesium sulfate.Item Influencia de la temperatura ambiental, humedad relativa y velocidad del viento en el comportamiento del hormigón armado en estado fresco(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2018) Núñez Núñez, Jessenia Belén; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza ElizabethThe present experimental work details the influence of various environmental factors such as environmental temperature, wind speed and relative humidity in the process of making the concrete. During the process of carrying out this research work, several laboratory tests were carried out on materials such as fine aggregates, coarse aggregates and cement, where the characteristics of each of these were determined and the dosage for resistance to compression required for the development of the concrete mass. The elaboration of the concrete mass was carried out in the field in the Huachi Grande Sector because it is required to simulate the civil constructions that are carried out in situ, in this place the data of the different environmental factors mentioned above in the different hours of the day were taken. being these from 7 am-10am, 11 am-13pm, 19 pm-22pm and in rain, it was found that there is a variation of temperature, relative humidity and wind speed over a whole day of work. After elaborating the prismatic specimens (beams) the water is cured for 28 days and finally it is tested by bending in the machine of the laboratories of the Technical University of Ambato, Faculty of Civil Engineering. Finally, the data recorded by the bending machine is analyzed and the external environmental factors that influence the behavior of the concrete in the fresh state are the temperature and relative humidity but not the wind speed, since the latter does not vary from way means in the different times of the day in which the concrete specimens were made.Item Metodología para efectuar ensayos de adherencia en barras de anclaje empleadas para la estabilización de taludes en suelos no cohesivos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2018) Sancho Solano, Mónica Paola; Moya Medina, Dilon GermánFor the execution of the project, first of all, a documentary - bibliographic investigation has been carried out, where the regulations that regulate the execution of the test and the technical specifications with which the equipment was assembled have been found, in such a way that truthful results are obtained on the Anchor status. The calibration of the equipment was carried out, testing anchors in a test bench, which helped to identify all the variables that would be presented during the test, a process that contributed significantly in the elaboration of the methodology, in which the procedure is detailed from the calculation that is made to determine the load with which the operation of the anchor must be evaluated by measuring its adherence, and also describes the way in which the equipment and all its components must be installed and operated. Finally, through the installation of 6 anchor bolts in a sector of the Lateral Passage of Ambato that has layers of non-cohesive soils, it has been possible to verify the proper functioning of the equipment when carrying out the corresponding tests. When there are several areas where slope stabilization has been done with the use of anchor bolts, with the present project we want to provide for the verification of their optimal functioning and to make available a manual tool to control future work run in the locality.