Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Evaluación de la capacidad estructural resistente al fuego del edificio de carrocerías Cepeda.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Alvarez Salguero, Alex Santiago; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir JoséFire has represented a problem in steel structures, in addition, the NEC does not establish loads or time that the structures must withstand this phenomenon, therefore, this research was developed, which analyzes the susceptibility to fire with international standards such as the Eurocode of Carrocerías Cepeda, a company dedicated to the manufacture of car bodies in which the elements involved in its production are highly flammable and have a high probability of causing a fire. The research was developed through three phases, the first one where the linear analysis of the structure was carried out considering the aspects of the NEC, thus identifying the critical profiles under normal conditions. During the second phase, the temperature reached by the profiles that make up the structure was analyzed, reaching high temperatures, which directly affected the properties of the steel such as the modulus of elasticity and yield strength, decreasing its structural capacity and increasing the probability of collapse. For the third phase, Gypsum material was implemented as a protective measure, which improved the fire resistance of the structure. The results show that Gypsum is an excellent fire protection material as it significantly reduces the temperatures in each of the profiles from 713.82 to 168.12 degrees Celsius, in the case of the most critical profile. The structural capacity after the fire will depend on the amount of material placed inside the structure.Item Estudio comparativo, económico y técnico para el diseño y simulación de un edificio de estructura metálica de tres pisos con pórticos resistentes de perfiles cuadrados huecos y pórticos de perfiles IPS(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2025-02) Altamirano Ortiz, Jenrry Vladimir; Sánchez Martínez, Héctor Alejandro; Yunapanta Velastegui, José LuisIn Ecuador, progress has been made in new methods and alternatives for structural design. In this research, two analyses have been generated: one with square profile columns and beams, and another with IPS profiles, following the current Ecuadorian Construction Regulations. The purpose is to examine the contribution of composite columns in moment-resistant frames and compare their advantages with other types of elements, based on the theory investigated. The present study is experimental, since through a mathematical model using specialized software in structural analysis, structural characteristics for the design were found, including the dimensions of the structural elements and the amount of steel used. The objective is to obtain results that allowed the structural behavior of the building to be evaluated and generating an economic analysis. Finally, through a linear analysis, it was observed that the calculated drifts are satisfactory in both cases, being lower than the permissible limit of floor drifts established by the NEC regulations of 0.02. For the IPS profile structure, the drifts were 0.0032 in the X direction and 0.0039 in the Y direction, while for the square profiles they were 0.0079 in the X direction and 0.0086 in the Y direction. Indicating that both structures meet the requirements of the regulations in terms of drifts, but in terms of structural performance the IPS profiles have a better performance, the square profiles having a hollow geometry, this is a lower cost option, therefore the most economically optimal decision will fall on the designer.Item Determinación del desempeño sísmico del edificio ACT consultores, ubicado en la ciudad de Ambato a través del análisis no lineal push over(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Cárdenas López, Fernando Josué; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaBeing located in a highly seismic area, any engineering work is exposed to the possibility of suffering great damage or even collapse under the action of seismic events, that is why the main function of this experimental work is to show the seismic performance of the ACT Consultores building located in the city of Ambato [1]. This work was carried out in three phases; the first one describes the characterization of the architectural and structural building, identifying the materials that were used. Then, the second stage is focused on information processing with the development of the qualitative method, which refers to a quick visual evaluation of the vulnerability of the structure, while the quantitative method refers to the whole process involved in the seismic-resistant design of a building to translate it into the engineering software. Also, the nonlinear analysis was performed by means of a Push Over to evaluate the seismic performance of the building under different levels of seismic hazard without the retaining wall. Finally, the third phase is based on the structural rehabilitation of the building. After reviewing that the building did not comply with period checks, interstory drifts, torsion and the performance point in a "Rare" earthquake was not as expected for basic constructions such as offices. Based on this, we proceeded to place shear walls to correct drifts, torsion, period and performance point so that the building would have better structural behavior.Item Análisis del desempeño sísmico del edificio cooperativa de ahorro y crédito Chibuleo ubicado en el cantón Machala(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Pintag Quitio, Esau Ernesto; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir JoséThrough scientific research, it is understood that a linear static analysis was not enough to understand the behavior of a structure, hence the need to analyze it under a non-linear regime. The present experimental work for its development was carried out in 4 phases: Initial phase, consisted of collecting all the necessary data of the building, structural and architectural plans, destructive tests of concrete and steel, determining the mechanical properties of the material with their respective control reports. quality, for verification, with the purpose of implementing a three-dimensional mathematical model in engineering software. For the first, the structural response was analyzed through linear seismic analysis, verifying: vibration period, participatory mass, plan torsion, static basal shear, dynamic basal shear, floor derivatives, structural elements (beams, columns) and seismic resistance criteria according to per NEC-SE-DS-15. For the second, the capacity curve was calculated using Pushover analysis and the behavioral objectives proposed by the VISION 2000 committee for a frequent, occasional, rare and very rare earthquake were evaluated using the ASCE 41 coefficient method. 13. As a result, in phase 3, an optimal strengthening method at the structural element level was proposed, according to the data of linear seismic analysis and nonlinear static seismic analysis, and the analyzes of phases 1 and phase 2 were carried out again. .in order to check if the reinforcement was optimal for the building.Item Análisis comparativo del comportamiento estructural de un edificio de hormigón armado convencional y con el uso de disipadores de energía SHEAR-LINK BOZZO (SLB)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-03) Chifla Ruiz, Alexis Vidal; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir JoséThe present experimental work seeks to have a new design alternative to improve the structural response, due to the fact that our area, being located in the fire belt, is prone to suffer damages considered by seismic action. The linear analysis of a conventional reinforced concrete structure was carried out taking into account the requirements for a seismic-resistant structure provided by the NEC-SE-DS standard and the ACI318. In addition, a nonlinear dynamic analysis (time-history) was performed including SLB energy dissipators taking the various parameters provided by the designers. Through this, the following structural responses were compared: drifts, shears, displacements and accelerations between the conventional structure and the structure with the incorporation of SLB dissipators. Also, it should be noted that the first structure was carried out with the design spectrum with reduction factor R=6, while in the structure with the inclusion of dissipaters, 3 pairs of seismic records were used, which were scaled for the same earthquake without the reduction factor. Subsequently, the budget of the conventional structure and the structure with SLB dissipators was obtained taking into account some items used in the construction, which allowed us to make an economic comparison and through this to know the percentage of increase in the cost between the two models proposed. Finally, it is concluded that the SLB energy dissipaters provide a better structural behavior when subjected to a seismic event, decreasing both the drifts and the displacements of the structure; furthermore, these devices dissipate a great amount of energy from the total of the structure, that said, all the damage is received by the dissipaters.Item Análisis técnico económico del coeficiente de reducción de respuesta estructural con aplicación y comparación en sistemas aporticados de estructuras metálicas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Jácome Guanopatín, Ángel Patricio; Cañizares Ortega, Freddy FernandoIn this degree work, the analysis and calculation of the seismic reduction factor for a structure with special moment frames (PEM or SMF) composed of four different mathematical models where the seismic reduction factor changes with values of R=8, 6, 4, 5 and 3. 5 and 3; performing the dynamic linear structural analysis of the four models, each structure changes according to the demand required by the seismic forces, determining that the lower the value of R the larger sections are required in the structure, in spite of the above, the fundamental vibration period of the structures was maintained for R= 8, 6 and 4. 5, while for the factor R=3 the period is slightly reduced resulting in a stiffer structure, as the seismic response factor is reduced, more robust sections are required to provide more weight to the structure to meet the demand. An economic analysis was performed with the sections obtained, which shows that the lower the R value, the structure requires a higher weight and therefore influences a higher cost, so the structure with the lowest cost is the structure with an R=8. Additionally, a pseudo-static non-linear analysis was determined to determine the structural performance of each of the four models using the ATC-40 and FEMA- 440 methods, highlighting that the models maintain the same architectural and geometric configuration but with different sections in certain elements that required a higher geometry as the R value decreases, after obtaining the results of the static non-linear analysis, the performance point was determined using the ASCE 41-17 and FEMA 440 (2005) methodology, resulting in the R=8, 6, 4. 5 and 3 for 475 years has a performance level in X and Y of immediate occupancy. For the determination of the structural response factor, the methodology proposed by Dr. Aguiar 2006 was followed, which is similar to that of ATC-19 (1995), where the ductility, resistance and redundancy factor is determined, data that are collected from the performance point obtained for the elastic design spectrum with a return period of 475 years, the structural response factors R obtained establish that the average range is between 6 and 7.5, on the other hand the structure that presents greater capacity and performance is the one that was designed with R=4. 5 so having extremely rigid sections does not guarantee stability and ductility in a structure, finally a high level of performance (immediate occupation) and seismic energy dissipation capacity is established in the structure designed with a R=6 where its value is similar and slightly lower than 4.5, so it is concluded that for a structure of special steel composite moment frames a design with a structural response factor equal to 6 should be sought.Item Diseño estructural del edificio de la empresa pública municipal de agua potable y alcantarillado del cantón San José De Chimbo (EP – MAPA - CCH)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Guevara Jiménez, Marco Tulio; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir JoséSince the public company EP-MAPA-CCH does not have its own facilities, the structural design of a building is proposed. In this technical project, the bibliographic, deductive and analytical research method was applied, as well as descriptive and applied research. Based on the technical analysis and architectural design provided by the institution, the design of a reinforced concrete structure was carried out, for which a Moment-resisting frame systems with sagging beams was selected and gravity loads, overloads, seismic loads for a structure of normal occupancy and pre-design of structural elements were determined; parameters that allowed modeling the structure in a structural analysis and design software where the behavior of the structure was observed by performing the linear dynamic analysis, and the structural elements of the structure and foundation were also designed. For the validation of the design, the seismic-resistant requirements and design considerations specified in the following standards were verified: NEC-SE-CG-15, NEC-SE-DS-15, NEC-SE-HM-15, AISC 360-10, AISC 341-10, ASCE-SEI 7-16 and ACI 318-19. Concluding that the structure will behave safely in the event of a seismic event.Item Análisis del nivel de daño para diferentes niveles de peligro sísmico en elementos sometidos a flexión y compresión para una estructura típica de hormigón armado(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-01) Navarrete López, Pablo Andres; Navarro Peñaherrera, Carlos PatricioOne of the methodologies presented by the Vision 2000 Committee presents the different performance objectives and those proposed by the Ecuadorian Construction Standard NEC 2015, with the objective of verifying the performance level of a structure through nonlinear analysis. For the analysis of the structure we used the most relevant parameters such as irregularity of plan and elevation, structural system and soil type. With all the information obtained from the structure and the different methodologies, the linear and nonlinear analysis was performed to verify the fundamental parameters of the structure and the different structural elements, which comply with the specifications of the standard. With the results of the two methodologies applied in the analysis, the performance level of the structure was verified according to the objectives present in the Vision 2000 and related to the performance levels present in the Ecuadorian Construction Standard, with which it was established that the typical reinforced concrete structure does not meet the objectives and presents serious seismic vulnerability problems. Finally, a classification of the cracking in the elements subjected to bending and compression in a general way present in a structure was made by compiling information obtained from previous studies and comparing them with the results obtained in the linear and nonlinear analysis of the structure.Item Análisis estructural del desempeño sísmico del edificio del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado de la parroquia Picaihua, ubicado en el cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-01) Tenesaca Palate, Damaris Esther; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaFor the present investigation, qualitative and quantitative analyses were carried out in order to evaluate the seismic performance of the building of the Decentralized Autonomous Government of the Picaihua parish. The qualitative analysis was performed through rapid visual evaluation applying the methodologies proposed by the FEMA 154 and NEC 2015 standards, whose qualification parameters are based on the characteristics of the building, structural system, soil type, irregularity in plan and elevation, and problems of pounding with adjacent structures. The results obtained were 1.5 and 3.3, respectively, which show that the structure has low seismic vulnerability. In the quantitative method, linear analysis and nonlinear static analysis (Pushover) were performed using ETABS 2018 software. With the results obtained from these analyses, it was determined that the structure presents torsion in plan, excessive drifts higher than the maximum allowed of 2 percent, deficient response capacity before the different levels of seismic hazard, especially in the case of a very rare earthquake where the building collapses completely, thus requiring reinforcement. Once the shortcomings of the structure were identified, a global reinforcement was proposed, consisting of the implementation of shear walls to provide greater flexibility, correct torsion and excessive drifts. With the implementation of the shear walls, the linear and nonlinear static analysis was performed again, proving that the reinforcement allowed improving the performance of the structure, obtaining a vibration period of 0.489sec, drifts lower than 2 percent, from the Demand/Capacity check of the columns, values lower than the maximum allowed of 1 were obtained, there is no torsion in plan, thus complying with the checks established by the current standards and reaching a performance level of collapse prevention for a very rare earthquake.Item Diseño estructural del edificio de posgrado de la Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi para garantizar su correcto desempeño sísmico(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-09) Razo Taco, Jasmyn Abigail; Suquillo Ronquillo, Betzabeth JesseniaThis technical project aims to carry out the structural design of a building dedicated to educational activities in the postgraduate area of the Technical University of Cotopaxi, located in the city of Latacunga, to guarantee its correct seismic performance, taking into consideration the requirements of the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 2015). For the elaboration of this work, the bibliographic, deductive and analytical research method was applied, as well as descriptive, applied and explanatory research. Based on the technical analysis and architectural design provided by the institution, the design of a steel structure was carried out, for which a system of special concentrically braced frames (SCBF) was established and determined gravitational loads, overloads, seismic loads for a structure of special occupation and pre-designs of structural elements, parameters that allowed the structure to be modeled in a structural analysis and design software where the behavior of the same was observed by carrying out the linear analysis, in addition the structural elements and connections were designed. For the validation of the design carried out, the seismic requirements, drifts presented and design considerations that are specified in the NEC-SE-CG-15 NECSE-DS-15, NEC-SE-AC-15, AISC 360-10, AISC 341-10, ASCE-SEI 7-16, ASCE 41- 13, AISC 358-16. Finally, applying the methodology of FEMA 440, the non-linear analysis of the structure was carried out, evaluating its seismic performance using a return period of 2500 years, concluding that the structure will behave safely in the event of a seismic event.