Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica

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Start date: 2020Subject: search.filters.subject.ANÁLISIS NO LINEAL

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    Diseño y análisis del comportamiento estructural de un edificio en la ciudad de Ambato mediante el uso de disipadores sísmicos.
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas., 2025) López Sánchez José Luis; Cañizares Ortega Freddy Fernando
    This research project presents a comparative analysis of the seismic performance of a special building located in Ambato, utilizing Special Moment Frames (SMF) and Buckling-Restrained Braces (BRB). The main objective of the study is to evaluate the structural performance in terms of strength, capacity, stiffness, and nonlinear behavior under seismic loading. The proposed design for the steel structure incorporates BRB frames, aimed at minimizing deformations induced by seismic events. These systems utilize braces with ductile cores and replaceable assemblies, which enable efficient energy dissipation. The applied methodology is based on international standards such as AISC 360, AISC 341, NEC 15, and ASCE 41-17, covering literature review, soil analysis, load estimation, nonlinear time history analysis, and unit cost comparison. The results show that BRB systems offer superior seismic performance compared to moment-resisting frames, without involving a significant increase in implementation costs. However, it is important to note that the findings of this research are specific to the soil and loading conditions of the analyzed structure; therefore, further studies are recommended for other types of buildings and geotechnical contexts.
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    Elaboración de curvas de fragilidad al colapso del bloque 1 del edificio del parqueadero de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato.
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas., 2025) Mopocita Cunalata Luis Ricardo; Ramírez Cabrera Wladimir José
    Ecuador is located in areas of high seismic hazard due to its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire. For this investigation, an estimate of the probability of exceeding a certain damage level of the Block 1 parking lot was made by developing fragility curves upon collapse using a nonlinear dynamic time history (ADNL TH) analysis and considering incremental dynamic analysis curves. This investigation followed ASCE 41-17, FEMA P 58, and NEC 2015 guidelines. Through a spectral modal analysis, noncompliance with the strong column-weak beam criterion and torsion of the building in the second vibration mode was observed. The results witnessed a high probability of structural damage to the parking lot or collapse in component 2 (NS), with maximum nonlinear drift responses that do not reach the performance level for immediate occupancy (IO) and life safety (LS) for a return period of 72 years and 475 years. In addition, a total of 218 nonlinear dynamic timehistory simulations were performed at different seismic intensity increments. This research aims to promote the use and development of fragility curves as an alternative to ensuring the safety of those who use buildings or similar structures.
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    Análisis de desempeño sísmico del edificio COAC San Martín ubicado en el cantón Tisaleo
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil., 2025-02) Yugcha Rumiguano, Christian Sebastián; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
    Ecuador is located in the Ring of Fire, so it is subject to stochastic phenomena such as earthquakes, since buildings must be governed according to the current NEC 15 standard to ensure that the design meets earthquake resistance criteria. The purpose of this research work is to determine the seismic performance of the building under study. A qualitative analysis was carried out using the NEC 15 standard, in which the parameters were evaluated according to the characteristics of the structure, obtaining a score of 2.0, demonstrating that it has a medium degree of vulnerability. In the quantitative section, the linear and nonlinear static Pushover analysis of the structure was carried out using engineering software. In the linear analysis, it was determined that the structure in current conditions presents torsion, and that elements such as beams and columns are not designed to withstand the demands. In addition, through non-linear analysis, the capacity curve of the structure was calculated together with the performance levels and it was determined that the construction does not meet the seismic performance objectives according to VISION 2000. Once the evaluation of the structure was completed, three more floors were designed, according to the specifications of the calculation report, and with the requests of these, the structure was reinforced, both locally in the elements such as columns and beams using criteria from the ASCE 41-13 standard, in which the concrete screed method was used for the columns and the steel casing method for the beams, and globally with the implementation of shear walls to control torsion and comply with the vibration period of the structure. Finally, with the implementation of the reinforcement and the addition of 3 more floors to the building, the linear analysis was carried out again, to verify that the calculations and design were in accordance with the NEC 15 standard, checking that the elements had the necessary amounts of steel to generate ductility. After that, the non-linear analysis of the structure was carried out, in which the performance objective was determined, complying with what was established in VISION 2000.
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    Análisis y diseño del comportamiento estructural de pórticos arriostrados excéntricos con vigas de enlace aplicado en un edificio de 7 pisos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2024-10-01) Bayas Freire, Jorge Esteban; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir José
    The purpose of this research project is the analysis and structural seismic design of a seven-story building with steel structure and composite columns filled with concrete, located in the city of Ambato with a irregular floor geometry through the implementation of eccentric braced frames (EBF) with link beams in both directions of the structure with a clear length of 60 centimeters. In this research a dynamic analysis of the structure was carried out in the Etabs software verifying parameters within the Ecuadorian construction standard NEC 15 such as floor drifts, strong column - weak beam criteria, then the design of the structural elements with spreadsheets was carried out complying with the ASIC 360-16, AISC 341-16 and ASCE 7-16 regulations, also the connections of both the link and beam-column of the structure were design through finite element analysis of the welding and the connection plates in the IdeaStatica software complying with the AWS D1.1 design regulations. Additionally, a non-linear static analysis (pushover) was performed in both directions of the structure applying incremental load patterns, the capacity curves and performance points for a rare earthquake and a very rare earthquake were determined, an evaluation of these points was carried out within the matrix established in the Vision 200 standard. Finally, it was possible to observe the real overall performance that the structure will have under seismic loads, thus verifying the behavior of the link as an energy dissipator through the formation of plastic hinges. The results obtained in this research project have demonstrated the correct earthquake-resistant design of the eccentric braced frames, obtaining a safe and efficient structural system.
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    Determinación del desempeño sísmico del edificio ACT consultores, ubicado en la ciudad de Ambato a través del análisis no lineal push over
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Cárdenas López, Fernando Josué; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
    Being located in a highly seismic area, any engineering work is exposed to the possibility of suffering great damage or even collapse under the action of seismic events, that is why the main function of this experimental work is to show the seismic performance of the ACT Consultores building located in the city of Ambato [1]. This work was carried out in three phases; the first one describes the characterization of the architectural and structural building, identifying the materials that were used. Then, the second stage is focused on information processing with the development of the qualitative method, which refers to a quick visual evaluation of the vulnerability of the structure, while the quantitative method refers to the whole process involved in the seismic-resistant design of a building to translate it into the engineering software. Also, the nonlinear analysis was performed by means of a Push Over to evaluate the seismic performance of the building under different levels of seismic hazard without the retaining wall. Finally, the third phase is based on the structural rehabilitation of the building. After reviewing that the building did not comply with period checks, interstory drifts, torsion and the performance point in a "Rare" earthquake was not as expected for basic constructions such as offices. Based on this, we proceeded to place shear walls to correct drifts, torsion, period and performance point so that the building would have better structural behavior.
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    Análisis de vulnerabilidad sísmica y reforzamiento estructural del edificio Colineal, ubicado en la parroquia Atocha-Ficoa, cantón Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Romero Guamanquispe, Jorge Roberto; Núñez Aldas, Galo Wilfrido
    In this degree work, as an initial part, a seismic vulnerability analysis of the metal structure buildings in the Atocha-Ficoa parish is carried out through quick visual inspections using the forms established by the Ecuadorian Construction Standard NEC-2015, FUNVISIS as well as by the Federal Emergency Management Agency of the United States FEMA P-154, since through this study it was determined that the houses in this parish present a medium-high vulnerability, Thus, the most representative building was selected, the Colineal company building, which presents technical-constructive observations of structural order such as fissures, cracks, detachment of plaster on walls and floors, which has caused a premature deterioration of the infrastructure. For this reason, an analysis was carried out by means of mathematical models through the ETABS computer program, where a linear analysis was performed to verify structural parameters such as drifts, displacements, and vibration periods. Subsequently, a non-linear static analysis (Pushover) was performed to determine the capacity of the structure and its performance level in the presence of a seismic event, to finally determine, based on the performance obtained, a structural reinforcement system by means of concentric diagonals, which will provide greater stability, ductility and resistance to the building and through this constructive alternative improve its seismic performance level and adequately meet the technical criteria for life safety.
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    Análisis no lineal del puente de sección compuesta tipo de 135 metros de longitud usando SAP2000
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Calo Catota, Byron Patricio; Romo Proaño, Luis Marcelo
    Given the importance of bridges for the road, social and economic development of the country, the design and verification of seismic performance is imperative; this project takes a first step towards that goal by understanding the nonlinear behavior of typical Ecuadorian composite bridges. For this purpose, the case study of a steel bridge built in 2020 and located in province of Los Ríos, Ecuador, has been taken as a case study. To achieve this objective, we have taken bibliography present in articles, guides and normative standards, especially international; the nonlinear responses of components such as: superstructure, columns, elastomeric supports, vertical seismic bars, passive response of the fill in abutments and seismic restraints are proposed and constructed with the objective of representing the real behavior of a bridge against the earthquake of April 16, 2016 occurred in Ecuador, specifically the one registered in the city closest to the project (Portoviejo). The nonlinear time response analysis is performed in the commercial program and the behavior of the bridge and is obtained considering the two orthogonal components of the earthquake. The results obtained are displacements, velocities and accelerations of the superstructure and pier, moment-rotation in the central pier, force-displacement curves of the non-linear elements such as vertical bars, supports, braces, etc. From the above, it is possible to determine that there would be impact between beams-shear keys, superstructure - abutments and in the joint separating the multispam simple supported; it is also observed that certain components present limited levels of displacement such as fillers, vertical bars and columns; on the contrary, the element that would present the greatest damage are the shear keys in the central pile and elastomeric supports, especially their lateral response. The analysis of each component was developed in detail and appended for academic purposes, so that future research can apply this methodology to the evaluation of new and existing bridges.
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    Análisis técnico económico del coeficiente de reducción de respuesta estructural con aplicación y comparación en sistemas aporticados de estructuras metálicas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Jácome Guanopatín, Ángel Patricio; Cañizares Ortega, Freddy Fernando
    In this degree work, the analysis and calculation of the seismic reduction factor for a structure with special moment frames (PEM or SMF) composed of four different mathematical models where the seismic reduction factor changes with values of R=8, 6, 4, 5 and 3. 5 and 3; performing the dynamic linear structural analysis of the four models, each structure changes according to the demand required by the seismic forces, determining that the lower the value of R the larger sections are required in the structure, in spite of the above, the fundamental vibration period of the structures was maintained for R= 8, 6 and 4. 5, while for the factor R=3 the period is slightly reduced resulting in a stiffer structure, as the seismic response factor is reduced, more robust sections are required to provide more weight to the structure to meet the demand. An economic analysis was performed with the sections obtained, which shows that the lower the R value, the structure requires a higher weight and therefore influences a higher cost, so the structure with the lowest cost is the structure with an R=8. Additionally, a pseudo-static non-linear analysis was determined to determine the structural performance of each of the four models using the ATC-40 and FEMA- 440 methods, highlighting that the models maintain the same architectural and geometric configuration but with different sections in certain elements that required a higher geometry as the R value decreases, after obtaining the results of the static non-linear analysis, the performance point was determined using the ASCE 41-17 and FEMA 440 (2005) methodology, resulting in the R=8, 6, 4. 5 and 3 for 475 years has a performance level in X and Y of immediate occupancy. For the determination of the structural response factor, the methodology proposed by Dr. Aguiar 2006 was followed, which is similar to that of ATC-19 (1995), where the ductility, resistance and redundancy factor is determined, data that are collected from the performance point obtained for the elastic design spectrum with a return period of 475 years, the structural response factors R obtained establish that the average range is between 6 and 7.5, on the other hand the structure that presents greater capacity and performance is the one that was designed with R=4. 5 so having extremely rigid sections does not guarantee stability and ductility in a structure, finally a high level of performance (immediate occupation) and seismic energy dissipation capacity is established in the structure designed with a R=6 where its value is similar and slightly lower than 4.5, so it is concluded that for a structure of special steel composite moment frames a design with a structural response factor equal to 6 should be sought.
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    Análisis dinámico no lineal de un puente colgante vehicular tipo de 100 metros de longitud ante cargas sísmicas y de viento, según AASHTO LRFD 2017 y NEC 2015
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Núñez Meneses, Jorge Luis; Medina Robalino, Wilson Santiago
    The design of bridges is an area little shared in the third level of higher education, much less if they have special characteristics and large spans, such as suspension bridges. The present work contemplates the design of a 100-meter long suspension bridge, performing a linear and nonlinear analysis of wind and seismic loads, as well as assembling a document of manual calculations for the design of all the elements of the bridge, which can serve as a guide for professionals interested in this branch of engineering. As a first part, the analysis and design of the bridge super structure was carried out by means of dynamic analysis by vehicular loads, including, on the one hand, the wind load calculation method established in the AASHTO LRFD and NEC 2015 and, on the other hand, a wind tunnel. With a speed pattern equal to 80 mph (according to AASHTO LRFD), it was evidenced that the dynamic analysis by means of a wind tunnel is predominant with respect to the static analysis based on forces, since it shows in a real way the effects of the loads on each of the elements managing to obtain unfavorable situations, since, in general terms there are values of displacements higher by 10 percent. After the design of the superstructure, the analysis of the substructure under seismic loads was carried out, performing a spectral modal analysis vs. a nonlinear analysis in the time domain, using acceleration records of real earthquakes scaled to the design target spectrum, where the large differences between the demands produced in such analysis can be evidenced, although both methods are dynamic, it will always be advisable to perform it in the nonlinear range, since the real behavior of the seismic event is evidenced, besides allowing us to know the behavior and the variation of stresses and deformations during the duration of the seismic event. The nonlinear analysis in the time domain was performed based on 9 accelerograms that were scaled appropriately to the calculated target spectrum, whose results were unfavorable compared to the spectral modal analysis, since the calculated drifts are 74 percent higher in the Y direction; 10 percent higher in the X direction. Finally, a manual-type document with the design of the bridge elements according to AASHTO LRFD is presented.
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    Desempeño de estructura metálica mediante análisis dinámico con acelerogramas ajustados con espectro medio condicional (CMS)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Pérez Galarza, Christian Danilo; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego Sebastián
    The present investigation is carried out in Huachi Loreto in Ambato city, starting as a first point, to identify the geological faults near this study site that can contribute to generate a seismic event that affects the structures in the area. Using empirical formulas, the value of the shear wave velocity was obtained based on calculated values, specific to the site, such as the length of the fault, source - study distance, focal depth, expected moment magnitude, and values of the number of blows of the SPT test performed in situ. This shear wave velocity allows determining the type of soil existing in the area according to the ranges established by the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 2015). Subsequently, an attenuation model was chosen (Montalva) that allows to determine, by applying certain equations called GMPEs (ground motion prediction equations), a possible behavior of the soil based on complementary data to those already mentioned specific to the site such as distance and hypocentral depth. From the GMPE graph and the uniform hazard spectrum (UHS) and applying certain equations determined in the Bakker model, the conditional mean spectrum (CMS) was obtained. The use of this spectrum allowed a comparison of the behavior of a metallic structure proposed in this study, with respect to the elastic spectrum imposed by the NEC. This comparison was made on the basis of the results provided by the nonlinear dynamic analysis (time-history), through which the performance of the same structure subjected to scaled seismic events was determined with respect to the CMS and the NEC spectrum. It was obtained as a result that the seismic demand produced by the NEC spectrum is greater than that produced by the CMS, since the pseudospectral accelerations have a great difference between these spectra, which is why the maximum displacements and drifts are reduced by approximately 65 percent by applying the CMS in the present investigation.